腹腔镜下胆道镜联合螺旋水刀碎石治疗肝内胆管结石的临床应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜下胆道镜联合螺旋水刀碎石治疗肝内胆管结石的临床疗效和应用价值。 方法：比较51例腹腔镜下胆道镜联合螺旋水刀治疗肝内胆管结石和56例开腹手术下胆道镜联合螺旋水刀治疗肝内胆管结石的临床资料,观测指标有结石清除率、手术时间、术后镇痛、肛门排气时间、术后并发症等。 结果：两组患者在结石清除率、性别、年龄、结石大小等比较差异无统计学意义。开腹组和腹腔镜组患者在手术时间（min）（150.3±36.5 vs 176.4±41.1,P = 0.003）、术后镇痛（41例 vs 14例,P = 0.005）、肛门排气时间（h）（57.2±13.7 vs 29.1±8.1,P = 0.000）、术后并发症（18例 vs 5例,P = 0.009）等方面比较,差异有统计学意义。 结论：腹腔镜下胆道镜联合螺旋水刀碎石治疗肝内胆管结石是安全、微创、有效的方法。     

纤维胆道镜治疗胆道残余结石1221例体会

我院2005年1月-2008年2月经纤维胆道镜治疗胆总管探查T管引流术后胆道残余结石1221例,现总结其治疗体会如下。     

纤维胆道镜、术中B超、螺旋水刀综合治疗肝内外胆管结石的价值

目的评估术中纤维胆道镜、超声、螺旋水刀综合治疗肝内外胆管结石中的价值。方法收集2004年1月到2008年12月211例肝内外胆管结石患者临床资料,按不同的手术方法分为3组：Ⅰ组术中纤维胆道镜取石70例,Ⅱ组术中B超、纤维胆道镜取石68例,Ⅲ组术中B超、纤维胆道镜、螺旋水刀联合取石73例,比较3组的疗效。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的残石率分别是21.43%、8.82%、4.11%,结石复发率分别是31.43%、16.18%、5.48%,胆管炎发生率分别是14.29%、11.76%、2.74%。结论纤维胆道镜、术中超声、螺旋水刀联合治疗肝内胆管结石能降低残石率、结石复发率和胆管炎发生率,同时能明确术前未能确诊的病变,有利于术中正确选择手术方式。     

肝切除联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石临床分析

目的评价肝切除联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石的疗效.方法回顾性分析5年间因肝胆管结石接受外科治疗的469例临床资料,按治疗方式和分组比较其疗效.结果分析采用x^2检验.结果5年间因肝胆管结石接受手术治疗者469例,随访412例（占87.8%）,术后随访6个月至5年（平均3年6个月）.肝切除组与胆道探查组的残石率、结石复发率、再手术率分别为5.1%和14.8%（x^2=9.32,P＜0.01）、4.5%和14.8%（x^2=11.24,P＜0.01）、5.1%和16.0%（x^2=11.48,P＜0.01）;使用纤维胆道镜组与未使用纤维胆道镜组的残石率、结石复发率、再手术率分别为4.4%和16.1%（x^2=15.17,P＜0.01）、3.8%和16.1%（x^2=17.98,P＜0.01）、4.1%和18.3%（x^2=21.52,P＜0.01）.结论肝切除联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石可明显提高肝胆管结石的疗效.     

螺旋水刀在腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用

目的探讨螺旋水刀在腹腔镜肝切除术中应用的可行性. 方法上腹部放置4～6个trocar,腹腔镜下应用德国ERBE公司生产的螺旋水刀进行断肝,肝内管道采用钛夹夹闭,切除病灶后肝断面用医用生物蛋白胶处理. 结果腹腔镜肝左外叶切除术1例,肝局部病灶切除术4例.手术时间85～267 min,平均135 min.术中出血量20～300 ml,平均127 ml,术中均未输血.术后无胆漏、出血等严重并发症.术后住院3～10 d,平均5.3 d. 结论腹腔镜下应用螺旋水刀断肝的创面清晰,较好地解决了肝切除术中管道处理不够清晰的问题,应用于腹腔镜肝切除术可行,值得推广.     

术中纤维胆道镜治疗胆道结石常见失败原因及改进方法

目的分析术中胆道镜治疗胆道结石时碰到的问题和常见的失败原因以及改进方法。方法对1995年1月至2005年9月期间的762例曾经使用纤维胆道镜术中治疗胆道结石的病例进行分析和总结。结果762例患者中,136例术后有胆道结石残留,残余结石率为17．8％,其中术中已知结石残留55例,术后经T管造影和术后胆道镜证实有结石残留81例。81例中包括肝内胆管结石伴胆管开口狭窄29例,肝内胆管结石伴胆管变异39例,胆总管下段节段性狭窄伴结石13例。结论术中胆道镜治疗胆道结石时要注意有无胆道变异和病变胆管开口狭窄或胆总管下端节段性狭窄等情况,术中B超对降低结石漏诊率有帮助。在使用纤维胆道镜时,术者要耐心细致,按顺序逐支逐段地检视,对胆道应采用连续窥视的方法和导向钳夹法以尽量避免主观和客观因素引起的术后结石残留。     

肝切除联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石的价值

目的评价肝切除联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析2005-2009年间因肝胆管结石接受外科治疗的237例临床资料,按治疗方式和分组比较其疗效。结果分析采用χ2检验。结果 5年间因肝胆管结石接受手术治疗者237例,随访210例(占88.6%),术后随访6个月至5年,平均3年6个月。肝切除组与胆道探查组的残石率、结石复发率、再手术率分别为6.3%和19.2%(χ2=6.14,P0.05)、8.2%和23.1%(χ2=6.87,P0.01)、7.6%和19.2%(χ2=4.48,P0.05);使用纤维胆道镜组与未使用纤维胆道镜组的残石率、结石复发率、再手术率分别为5%和23.5%(χ2=13.3,P0.01)、6.3%和27.5%(χ2=14.9,P0.01)、5.7%和25.5%(χ2=14.1,P0.01)。结论肝切除联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石可明显提高肝胆管结石的疗效。     

精准肝切除联合电子胆道镜在肝胆管结石治疗中的应用北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨精准肝切除联合电子胆道镜在肝胆管结石治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年5月66例肝胆管结石患者的资料,术前利用可视化三维重建进行精确评估,采用精准肝切除联合电子胆道镜技术祛除病灶.结果 全部患者手术均成功完成,三维重建对胆管、结石及周围重要血管的解剖学评估结果与术中所见大致相符,术前预切除肝脏体积与术中实际切除肝脏体积呈正相关（r =0.945,P＜0.05）.平均手术时间（221±65） min,平均出血量（267±78） ml.术后并发症8例（12％）.随访时间为6～30个月,疗效优良,随访发现残留结石5例（8％）,2例（3％）复发.结论 精准肝切除联合电子胆道镜的应用是治疗肝胆管结石有效、安全、微创的方法,具有较好的临床应用价值.     

The treatment of intrahepatic calculosis by applying helix hydro-jet lithotripsy under video choledochoscope: a report of 30 cases

Background and aims Intrahepatic lithiasis is a common disease in southeast Asia [Sheen-Chen and Chou, Acta Chir Scand 156:387–390, 1990], and a difficult problem of biliary surgery. There is no established method of treating patients with intrahepatic stones [Uchiyama et al., Arch Surg 137:149–533, 2002]. In recent years, resection of the affected liver lobe or segment is the best therapeutic option to completely remove the source of recurrent infection. The need for endoscopic treatment modalities is evident because hepatic resections are combined with a high morbidity and mortality rate [Andersson et al., HPB Surg 2:145–147, 1990; Adamek et al., Scand J Gastroenterol 34:1157–1161, 1999]. Hepatic resection only fit the cases in which the stones localized in one lobe or segment, while it doesn’t fit the cases which have polystones in left and right biliary tract. Duodenoscope can only get the stones in the common bile duct and cannot deal with the intrahepatic lithiasis. The management of intrahepatic lithiasis can only be treated by intraoperative or postoperative choledochoscope. For big stones or compact stones, lithotripsy should be applied. But the laser lithotripsy and the electrohydraulic lithotripsy can cause serious complications such as perforation of bile duct. It needs a safer and more reliable treatment for intrahepatic lithiasis. The aim of our work is to study the lithotrity treatment of intrahepatic lithiasis by using helix hydro-jet under Video Choledochoscope.Materials and methods From March 31, 2003 to October 20, 2004, 30 intrahepatic stone patients were treated. Eighteen of them were women and 12 were men, with ages ranging from 35 to 80 years (mean, 58 years). According to B ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan report, there were five cases of intrahepatic lithiasis and common bile duct stones, 25 cases of left and right hepatic duct stones, and one case with giant intrahepatic stone (1.5 × 1.5 × 1.2 cm). Intraoperative or postoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy was applied through a video choledochoscope. For the patients to have the intraoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy, they should be diagnosed correctly by B ultrasound or CT scan. The biliary tract reconstruction by spiral CT scan is as helpful as MRCP or ERCP for clinical diagnosis. For the patients to have the postoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy, they should be diagnosed correctly by T-tube cholangiography and BUS and CT scan. All patients should be verified without stones remaining in the bile duct after lithotripsy by choledochoscopic examination and T-tube cholangiography, and should be examined by BUS again after 6 months to 1 year. We decide whether complications occurred by observation of symptoms and signs after choledochoscopy and lithotripsy.Results Seventy-five intrahepatic stones with diameter ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 cm were successfully fragmentized in 30 patients using of helix hydro-jet lithotripsy. These fragmentized stones mainly are bilirubin stones. The lithotripsy was carried for 45 times and the procedure needs 1–1.5 h. Helix hydro-jet lithotripsy are used in 16 cases during operation and 12 cases after operation; two cases during operation and after operation. Intrahepatic calculosis was cleaned out completely and verified by postoperative choledochoscope examination and postoperative T-tube cholangiography examination. No complications were observed.Conclusion Helix hydro-jet lithotripsy under video choledochoscope is a safe and effective method for the removal of intrahepatic stone. No bile duct damnified and perforation was observed. The procedure is without pain and heat, and the pressure can be adjusted easily. The research provides a new way of using the helix hydro-jet, and a new way of curing the intrahepatic lithiasis.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

螺旋水刀在解剖性肝切除术中的应用

目的 探讨螺旋水刀在解剖性肝切除术中的应用价值.方法 对广东医学院附属医院2003年9月至2006年6月所实施的97例螺旋水刀解剖性肝切除病人的手术资料进行回顾性分析.结果 97例手术中有89例不需阻断肝门,断肝时间为15～45 min,断面处理时间为8～20 min,出血量在150～1200 ml之间(＜800 ml 93例,＞800 ml 4例);术中视野清晰,肝内管道系统暴露充分,未发生管道系统误损,术后B超监测未发现有重要血管损伤的表现;围手术期无死亡病例;术后肝功能恢复时间平均约为1周.结论 螺旋水刀解剖性肝切除术的应用是安全、可行的,能减少肝门血流阻断,减少术中出血量,缩短术后肝功能恢复时间.     

腹腔镜肝切除术中螺旋水刀的应用

目的 评价螺旋水刀在腹腔镜肝切除术中应用的可行性.方法 回顾性分析18例行腹腔镜肝切除患者的临床资料.结果 本组患者18例,其中肝海绵状血管瘤9例,原发件肝癌5例,肝局灶性结节样增生2例,结肠癌肝转移1例,左肝胆管囊腺瘤1例.本组17例患者行腹腔镜下水刀肝切除术,1例左肝癌患者因术中出血而中转开腹.手术方式为肝部分切除术14例,肝左外叶切除3例.手术时间平均170 min.无巾转开腹的17例病例术中平均出血最230 ml.伞组患者无术后出血、肝功能衰竭等严重并发症,有1例患者术后第3天出现少量胆漏,保守治疗后痊愈.2例患者术后出现少量胸腔积液未做特殊处理.术后平均住院5.6 d.5例肝癌病例术后平均随访17个月,中转开腹的患者术后13个月肝内其他部位复发,所有切门均未见种植转移.结论 腹腔镜下应用螺旋水刀行肝切除时创面清晰,可以保证足够的安全切除边界,术后无严重并发症,是一种安全可行的切肝方法.     

螺旋水刀与多功能手术解剖器在肝门区肿瘤切除术中的联合应用

目的 探讨螺旋水刀与彭氏多功能手术解刮器(PMOD)在肝门区肿瘤切除术中的联合应用.方法 对35例联合应用螺旋水刀与PMOD在切除肝门区肿瘤的病人的手术资料进行回顾性分析,并与单纯应用螺旋水刀和PMOD进行比较.结果 PMOD组需肝门阻断21例;螺旋水刀组需阻断肝门5例;联合应用组需阻断肝门2例.术中视野清晰,肝内管道系统暴露充分,未发生管道系统误损,术后B超监测未发现有重要血管损伤的表现;PMOD组肿瘤切除时间较短,肝面烧灼止血面大,但出血量较大、术后肝功能恢复时间较长;而单纯应用螺旋水刀虽然肝功能恢复时间短,但切除肿瘤时间长;联合应用组肿瘤切除时间比螺旋水刀组短、出血量比PMOD组少、术后肝功能恢复时间比POMD组优.结论 螺旋水刀与彭氏多功能手术解剖器联合应用能安全、快捷切除肝门区肿瘤.     

The treatment of proximal humeral fractures with intramedullary titanium helix wire by 97 patients

Introduction: The displaced proximal humeral fracture continues to be a problem and remains the “unsolved fracture”. Many guidelines for surgical treatment of different types of these fractures have been described. A conservative functional therapy is recommended as well as a closed or open reposition and internal fixation. Other authors prefer the primary prosthetic replacement of the displaced humeral head. The purpose of this article is to describe a minimal invasive technique—the intramedullary titanium helix wire—and to analyse results and specific problems of this method compared to other techniques. Materials and methods: In a prospective study done over a period of 5 years from 1998 to 2002, 97 patients with two-, three- and four-part-fractures of the proximal humerus were treated with the intramedullary titanium helix wire and given follow-up clinical and radiological checks after 12 months. The functional outcome was evaluated with a 1-year follow-up in 95 of 97 patients. Results: Our 1-year results include: 41 very good, 24 good, 16 satisfactory, 14 poor (average 76 points Constant functional score, 30.7 points UCLA score). Conclusion: The advantages of the method arising from the results lie in both the simple operation approach without nerve lesions or wound infections, and also in the indirect, intramedullary splinting of the fracture without damage to the surrounding soft parts, while iatrogenic necroses of the humeral head can be avoided.     

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma with Lymph Node Metastasis Successfully Treated by Immunotherapy with CD3-Activated T Cells and Dendritic Cells After Surgery: Report of a Case

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with lymph node (LN) metastasis is generally associated with a poor prognosis. However, we treated ICC with LN metastasis successfully by surgery and postoperative immunotherapy in a 59-year-old woman. The immunotherapy consisted of CD3-activated T cells and tumor lysate- or peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with LN metastasis and portal vein invasion. The patient has been alive without recurrence for 3 years 6 months since her operation.     

腹腔镜胆总管切开纤维胆道镜取石胆总管一期缝合60例分析

目的 :探讨腹腔镜下胆总管切开、纤维胆道镜取石后胆总管一期缝合术式的治疗效果。方法 :6 0例胆总管结石病人 (其中原发性胆总管结石 5例 ) ,在腹腔镜下行胆总管切开、纤维胆道镜取石后一期缝合。结果 :手术时间为 (110± 4 0 )min ,失血量为 (5 0± 2 0 )ml,进食时间为 (4 8± 4 )h ,下床活动时间为 (5 5± 7)h ,术后出院时间为 (4 .5± 0 .5 )d ,无一例发生与手术相关的并发症。结论 :腹腔镜下胆总管切开纤维胆道镜取石后行胆总管一期缝合疗效好、安全。只要镜下取净结石 ,肝外胆管无狭窄 ,均可一期缝合。该术式具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、并发症少等优点 ,值得推广应用     

鼻咽和口咽导管介导IHFJV下肺癌患者PLVB诊疗中血气及快速反应基因对比研究

目的:探讨鼻咽导管和口咽导管介导间歇性高频喷射通气（intermittent high frequency jet ventilation, IHFJV）下无痛电子支气管镜（painless video bronchoscopes, PLVB）诊疗过程中,患者血气指标及快速反应基因表达的差异,为肺癌患者PLVB诊疗的通...