Safety of a guidewire technique for replacement of pulmonary artery catheters

The purpose of this study was to determine if a guidewire change from a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) to a central venous catheter (CVC) poses a significant infection risk. A total of 128 consecutive cardiac surgical patients with PACs inserted in the operating room were entered into this study. Postoperatively, patients were randomly allocated to receive a double-lumen CVC, either at the initial introducer insertion site over a guidewire, or at a new site with de novo catheterization. The tips of all introducers, PACs, and CVCs were cut off, cultured, and semi-quantitatively analyzed. The results show that insertion of CVCs over a guidewire within 48 hours after initial venapuncture is no more likely to be associated with catheter colonization than is de novo percutaneous insertion at a different site. From 48 hours up to 72 hours following initial insertion of the PAC, an incidence of catheter-related infection of 35.3% was observed in the guidewire group, as opposed to 12.5% in the de novo group. It is recommended that the use of a guidewire technique for catheter replacement (PAC to CVC) is a safe alternative to de novo insertion of a CVC within 48 hours after initial insertion of the PAC. In order to minimize the potential risk of catheter-related infection and bacteremia in cardiac surgical patients, de novo catheterization beyond 48 hours after initial venapuncture is suggested.     

肺动脉高压幼犬肺动脉压力与肺动脉结构的关系

目的 探讨肺动脉高压（ＰＨ）时肺动脉压力（ＰＡＰ）与结构的关系。方法 实验幼犬１５条,分２组：分流组（ｎ＝１２）,正常对照组（ｎ＝３）。分流术后９０ｄ两组行血流动力学检测后,放血处死,肺组织切片行病理学检测。结果 （１）分流组左下肺动脉压（ＰＬＬＰＡ）由１．３６ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝０．７５ｍｍＨｇ）升至１１．１３ｋＰａ,左下肺血管阻力（ＬＬＰＶＲ）由５．６５Ｗｏｏｄ’ｓ单位升至１４．３１Ｗｏｏｄ’ｓ     

David's procedure for pulmonary artery aneurysm

Pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is a rare entity with fatal complications. Its silent course contributes to large aneurysms with compression symptoms. We present a 39-year-old female idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patient with a giant PAA causing severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR) and symptomatic left main coronary artery compression (LMCA). Since she had a failed LMCA stenting attempt, she underwent surgery. A valve-sparing David-like pulmonary trunk reconstruction and coronary artery bypass were performed. This case illustrates that David-like reconstruction procedure can be applied to the PAA with severe PR.     

Left superior pulmonary artery sling

A pulmonary artery sling is formed when the left pulmonary artery originates from the right pulmonary artery and encircles the distal trachea, coursing between the trachea and esophagus to reach the hilum of the left lung. Pulmonary artery slings are often associated with distal tracheal narrowing, due to either intrinsic stenosis or secondary compression by the anomaly itself. We report a very rare case in which the left superior pulmonary artery originated from the right pulmonary artery and then acted as a sling, the left inferior pulmonary artery originated from the pulmonary trunk.     

Translocation of dilated pulmonary artery for relief of bronchial compression associated with ventricular septal defect

Bronchial compression due to a dilated pulmonary artery is a troublesome problem in the surgical management of infants or children with congenital heart disease. We experienced an infantile case of ventricular septal defect and prolonged respiratory insufficiency caused by right bronchial compression and left pulmonary hypoplasia. Anterior translocation of the dilated right pulmonary artery and intracardiac repair succeeded in relieving the bronchial compression and improving left pulmonary function. We advocate that this procedure is useful for bronchial compression with congenital heart disease and maldevelopment of the lung.     

Novel arterioplasty of severe left pulmonary artery stenosis using native main pulmonary artery

There are multiple approaches described for the repair of stenosed branch pulmonary arteries. Regardless of the technique used, restenosis is common. We describe a case of severe left pulmonary artery stenosis repaired with a novel technique using the native main pulmonary artery which was transected and turned down to create a direct anastomosis with the left pulmonary artery. This tension‐free tissue to tissue anastomosis resulted in hemodynamically gratifying results with the potential for growth.     

Upper thoracic extralobar pulmonary sequestration with anomalous blood supply from the subclavian artery

The authors report on a newborn boy with extralobar pulmonary sequestration in the right upper thoracic region. Preoperative angiography showed an anomalous large vessel from the right subclavian artery, supplying the sequestrated lobe. Right thoracotomy was performed to resect the sequestrated lobe, which was diagnosed as extralobar form. This is an extremely rare case of extralobar pulmonary sequestration in which anomalous blood supply from the subclavian artery was seen preoperatively on radiographs. The authors recommend angiographic examination, particularly in case of diagnostic difficulty.     

Pericardial placement of a pulmonary artery catheter

Extravascular placement of a pulmonary artery catheter occurred when it was passed down an in situ sheath, the side arm of which had already been used for administration of fluids without any problems. The case emphasises that complications occur with the use of invasive monitoring and a correctly placed line may become extravascular even in a short time.     

Swan-Ganz catheter-induced pseudoaneurysm of the pulmonary artery

Pseudoaneurysm of the pulmonary artery (PA) induced by Swan-Ganz catheter injury is an important complication with high mortality. We report a case of PA pseudoaneurysm treated by PA repair. A 52-year-old woman developing infiltrate in the right lung field in chest radiography after a second mitral valve replacement was diagnosed with PA pseudoaneurysm confirmed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography and pulmonary angiography. The cause was considered Swan-Ganz catheter injury. The patient was carefully observed because there was no evidence of bronchial hemorrhage. The perforation was closed and the cavity plicated under extracorporeal circulation to avoid delayed rupture of the pseudoaneurysm when she underwent a third mitral valve replacement.     

Repair of tetralogy of Fallot associated with anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery and accessory left anterior descending coronary artery

We present an unusual combination of lesions in an 8-month-old child diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot, anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery, and anomalous coronary artery crossing the pulmonary annulus. The association of anomalous origin of branch pulmonary artery from aorta and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is extremely rare with an incidence of 0.4%. The incidence of anomalous coronary artery in TOF is 10.3%. However, a combination of all three lesions poses challenges to surgical repair and has not been previously reported.     

肺动脉漂浮导管在冠状动脉旁路术中的应用

目的　评价肺动脉漂浮导管连续监测心排血量 (CO)、混合静脉血氧饱和度 (S VO2 )在冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)中的应用。方法　CABG术者 32例 ,年龄 (6 1 31± 6 92 )岁 ,平均搭桥(3 19± 1 12 )支。麻醉诱导用芬太尼 2 0～ 30 μg/kg、维库溴铵 0 3mg/kg、咪唑安定 (3 5 8± 2 0 0 )mg ;术中以芬太尼、异氟醚维持。经右颈内静脉置CCO S VO2 肺动脉漂浮导管 ,连续监测CO、S VO2 、平均动脉压 (MAP)、肺动脉压 (PAP)、肺毛细血管楔压 (PCWP)和中心静脉压 (CVP)等 ,记录诱导前、插管后、心肺转流 (CPB)前、停CPB及关胸时的数据。结果　心排指数 (CI)、MAP和S VO2 在插管后各时段较诱导前明显下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,CVP、PCWP及PAP停CPB后较插管后升高 (P <0 0 5 )。HR在插管后下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,停CPB后升高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　在CABG术中 ,利用肺动脉漂浮导管连续监测CO、S VO2 及各项相关指标 ,及时了解心脏功能、全身及心肌的氧供需平衡状况 ,并调整用药 ,以利于围手术期意外的处理 ,防止心肌缺血的发生     

Left pulmonary artery occlusion due to compression by aortic aneurysm

A 72-year-old man with shock was transferred to our emergency room. The computed tomograms revealed a ruptured giant thoracic aortic aneurysm obstructing the left pulmonary artery. Emergency total aortic arch replacement was performed, and the postoperative course was uneventful. The postoperative angiography confirmed the total occlusion in the left pulmonary artery which was due to compression by the aortic aneurysm.     

A simple method to pass a pulmonary artery flotation catheter rapidly into the pulmonary artery in anaesthetized patients

Background. In some patients passage of a pulmonary artery flotationcatheter (PAFC) into the pulmonary artery may be difficult andtime consuming and the prolonged manipulation can cause ventriculararrhythmias. A simple clinical method used during general anaesthesiais presented to allow rapid passage of a PAFC into the pulmonaryartery. Methods. The operating table is positioned head up and slightlyright side down to position the pulmonary valve at the highestlevel possible. When the balloon catheter is in the right ventricularoutflow tract (indicated by premature ventricular contractions)the ventilator is paused in inspiration and the balloon cathetersimultaneously passed into the pulmonary artery. Results. The manoeuvre shortens the time necessary to pass thecatheter into the pulmonary artery and may reduce ventriculararrhythmias. Over 5 yr, 105 PAFCs were inserted with this methodwithout major complications. Conclusion. This method may reduce the risk of ventricular arrhythmias,and could be particularly useful in high-risk critically illpatients. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90: 794–6     

前列腺素E1肺动脉途径给药对肺动脉高压患者的降压效果

目的 探讨前列腺素E1肺动脉途径给药对肺动脉高压患者的降压效果.方法 择期行非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术合并肺动脉高压患者30例,性别不限,年龄65 ～ 82岁,体重60 ～ 88 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,肺动脉收缩压＞40 mm Hg.采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=15):中心静脉给药组(C组)和肺动脉给药组(P组).麻醉诱导后行右颈内静脉穿刺置入Swan-Ganz导管用于监测血流动力学指标.切皮后,C组和P组分别通过中心静脉导管和肺动脉导管输注前列腺素E120 ～ 50 ng·kg-1 ·min-1,使肺动脉收缩压降至25～ 30 mm Hg.分别于给药前5 min(To)及给药后5 min(T1)记录心率、平均动脉压、中心静脉压、肺动脉收缩压、肺毛细血管楔压和心脏指数,计算肺血管阻力和周围血管阻力.记录前列腺素E1的用量.结果 与C组相比,P组前列腺素E1用量减少,T1时肺动脉收缩压和肺血管阻力降低,平均动脉压和周围血管阻力升高(P＜0.05).结论 经肺动脉途径给药可提高前列腺素E1降低肺动脉高压的效价,且不影响体循环血流动力学.     

Mycotic pulmonary artery aneurysm following pulmonary artery banding

A neonate with situs inversus, transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, cross-crossventricles and hypoplastic right ventricle underwent pulmonary artery banding at the age of 7 days. The course was complicated by septicaemia and subsequently the development of an aneurysm of the pulmonary artery. Serratia marcessans was grown from the band site. The pulmonary artery aneurysm was resected and the pulmonary artery was repaired. The literature is reviewed with the emphasis on diagnosis, natural history and surgical management.     

Communication between the right pulmonary artery and left atrium with aneurysm formation

Communication between the pulmonary artery and the left atrium is a rare congenital anomaly. A 7-year-old boy was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Referral to a pediatric cardiologist had been delayed because he had only slight cyanosis and no heart murmur. Catheterization and computed tomography scans confirmed that the right pulmonary branches and pulmonary venous returns were normal and that an additional aneurysmal communication was located between the right pulmonary artery and the left atrium. Surgery proceeded uneventfully together with a cardiopulmonary bypass. The connection from the right pulmonary artery to the aneurysm was ligated, and the connection from the left atrium to the aneurysm was closed with a polytetrafluoroethylene patch. We describe this rare anomaly with cyanosis and no heart murmur.