急性脑梗塞动脉内溶栓治疗时间窗选择与疗效分析

目的探讨急性脑梗塞动脉内溶栓治疗时间及梗塞部位等因素对疗效的影响。方法288例脑梗塞患者均在CT检查及血管造影基础上接受选择性动脉溶栓治疗,其中在6h以内溶栓者76例,6~24h溶栓者212例。统计2组患者的血管再通率和90d后预后情况。结果脑血管造影发现血管闭塞245例,其中颈内动脉系统闭塞173例,椎基底动脉(VBA)闭塞72例;溶栓后再通分别为112例、38例。治疗后90d恢复良好者180例,预后差108例。颅内出血2例。不同治疗时间2组患者治疗后90d预后良好率分别为80.35%和71.43%,血管再通率分别为67.86%和59.26%,血管再通中位时间分别为68min和73min。结论动脉溶栓治疗脑梗塞,动脉内溶栓时间窗与多种因素密切相关。     

急性椎基底动脉闭塞的介入治疗

目的 探讨急性椎基底动脉闭塞动脉内溶栓治疗,溶栓后血管狭窄的处理问题.方法 收集我院2001年1月至2006年7月急性椎基底动脉闭塞患者67例.全脑血管造影后,责任动脉内泵入尿激酶,复查造影,溶栓后动脉残余重度狭窄者置入支架.结果 溶栓后血管完全再通17例(25.4%),血管部分再通41例(61.2%),血管未通9例(13.4%).临床症状恢复良好19例,轻度伤残23例,重度伤残8例,死亡17例.结论 急性椎基底动脉闭塞溶栓治疗是有效的,时间窗应强调个体化,溶栓后血管残余狭窄可行支架置入术.     

急性脑梗死动脉内溶栓治疗疗效观察

目的观察急性脑梗死患者行脑动脉内溶栓治疗的临床疗效。方法26例临床及头颅CT诊断为急性脑梗死患者用尿激酶行经动脉介入溶栓治疗(IATT)，治疗前后均作脑血管造影、复查CT及神经功能缺损评分。结果3例造影未见血管闭塞，23例患者即刻完全再通7例，部分再通11例，再通率78e。结论动脉溶栓疗法使84％的患者在15d内神经功能缺损得到改善，脑动脉内溶栓治疗是治疗急性脑梗死有效的方法之一。     

动脉内接触性溶栓治疗急性脑梗死时间窗选择与疗效分析

目的 探讨动脉内接触性溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的时间窗选择与疗效的关系.资料与方法 245例脑梗死均在CT检查及血管造影基础上接受选择性动脉内接触性溶栓治疗,其中在发病后6 h以内溶栓者56例,6～24 h溶栓者189例.分析两组患者的血管再通率和90天预后.结果 脑血管造影发现颈内动脉(ICA)系统闭塞173例,椎基底动脉(VBA)系统闭塞72例;溶栓后ICA系统再通113例,VBA系统再通37例.治疗后90天预后好者180例,预后差者65例.溶栓后颅内出血12例.6 h内组和6～24 h组患者血管内溶栓治疗后90天预后良好率分别为80.35 %(45/56)和71.43 %(135/189),血管再通率分别为66.07%(37/56)和59.79%(113/189),血管再通中位时间分别为67 min和73 min.结论 动脉内接触性溶栓可以明显改善脑梗死患者的预后,仅以发病时间不超过6 h作为动脉内溶栓治疗标准不够全面,应当根据病情适当放宽动脉内溶栓的时间窗.     

超选择性动脉溶栓联合血管内干预治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床探讨

目的探讨超选择性动脉溶栓联合血管内干预治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效和安全性。方法回顾分析我院住院治疗的21例进行超选择性动脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料。结果21例患者中,颈内动脉系统病变16例．其中颈内动脉闭塞2例,大脑中动脉主干及分支闭塞6例,大脑前动脉闭塞1例,脑血管造影未见异常者7例。椎基底动脉闭塞5例,闭塞血管再通者,大脑中动脉4例,椎基底动脉2例。其中7例患者动脉溶栓的同时进行了血管内治疗,5例球囊成形术和2例支架植入术。临床症状完全恢复7例,明显好转或进步8例,无效3例,死亡3例;溶栓后脑出血2例．存活病例无1例并发脑出血及消化道出血。结论对选择的急性缺血性脑卒中患者进行超选择性动脉溶栓联合血管内干预治疗是安全有效的。     

应用尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中105例临床观察

目的探讨应用尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的安全性和有效性。方法对105例急性缺血性脑卒中患者在起病后2～24 h内进行超选择性动脉内尿激酶溶栓,尿激酶用量50～120万单位(平均85万单位)。结果 105例急性缺血性脑卒中中,颈内动脉系统血管闭塞69例,椎-基底动脉系统闭塞19例,脑血管造影未见明显异常17例;经动脉内溶栓治疗后,闭塞的颈内动脉系统再通率为63.8%(44/69),椎-基底动脉系统再通率为63.2%(12/19)。治疗后第7天和第14天神经功能评分分别为:(13.05±8.10)、(8.82±6.00)分,与治疗前的(18.86±8.20)分比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.87、2.39,P<0.01);治疗后ADL评分第7天和第14天分别为:(1.75±1.37)、(3.50±1.29)分,与治疗前的(4.82±1.37)分比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.52、2.44,P<0.01)。术后随访1年,临床症状完全缓解或明显好转为72.7%(64/88),并发脑出血为3.4%(3/88),消化道出血为11.4%(10/88)。结论应用尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中疗效好、见效快、并发症少。     

88例缺血性脑卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗回顾性研究

目的 总结动脉溶栓治疗的影响因素,为动脉内溶栓治疗的合理应用提供理论依据.方法 通过回顾我中心88例急性缺血性脑卒中动脉内溶栓治疗住院病例,采集患者病史、起病过程的特点、发病与动脉溶栓的间隔时间、有无出血、是否死亡以及治疗之后(包括治疗后即刻、治疗后24 h)患者主要神经功能的变化过程,我们所选用的神经功能包括肌力、眼震及意识水平.脑血管造影回顾则采集动脉溶栓前后DSA血管形态的异常发现及变化,以及尿激酶用量.此后对上述指标进行整理,统计学处理.结果 本组患者,平均溶栓时间为5.8(5.8±3.3)h;DSA资料丢失20例,造影阴性率为14.7%,血管再通率(部分及完全再通)为36.2%,溶栓后早期(＜24 h)症状加重24例(27.3%).起病后6 h内接受动脉内溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者在治疗后24 h内加重率为31.7%,与6 h以上接受治疗者相比(18.5%)有明显差异(P=0.01);而与年龄、起病特点、溶栓后神经功能评分及血管造影结果及血管再通率间均无统计学差异.结论 在不分辨前后循环所有患者群体内,急性脑缺血性脑卒中的动脉溶栓时间窗可以延长至6 h,却面临更高的早期加重率.所以对于早期加重的原因揭示及有效处理,可以改善动脉溶栓的治疗效果.     

动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗塞

目的：探讨急性动脉闭塞性脑梗塞经动脉内溶栓治疗的安全性和疗效。材料和方法：36例患者均采用经皮股动脉穿刺插管行全脑血管造影后将导管选择性插管至患侧颈内动脉内，后经造影导管送入微导管至梗塞部位注入尿激酶溶栓。结果：36例患者DSA造影33例（92％），梗塞部位明确其溶栓后1小时及24小时再通28例（75％），症状和体征完全恢复34例（94％），明显好转1例，无明显变化1例（3％）。结论：动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血灶脑梗塞是一种安全有效的治疗方法，具有重要的临床应用价值和意义。其最佳治疗时间应控制在梗塞发生后6小时以内。     

急性脑栓塞的选择性动脉溶栓治疗

目的评价急性脑栓塞(AES)动脉溶栓疗法的有效性及安全性。方法应用尿激酶或rt-PA经股动脉选择性动脉溶栓(IAT)治疗AES患者21例,并选择同期未行溶栓治疗的AES患者42例作为对照组。比较两组间治疗后24hNIHSS评分、90d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、出血转化(HT)及病死率等。结果①IAT治疗后脑血管造影结果:血管总再通率为61.9%;大脑中动脉(MCA)、颈内动脉(ICA)及基底动脉(BA)再通率分别为83.3%、2/7和1/2。②治疗后24hNIHSS评分IAT组明显低于对照组(12.05±5.61比14.83±4.05,P<0.05);IAT组预后良好(mRS0～2分)比率显著高于对照组(66.7%比35.7%,P<0.05);③IAT组与对照组相比,HT发生率(28.6%比16.8%)、患者病死率(19.1%比16.7%)均无显著差异;两组均没有患者死于HT。结论IAT治疗AES可能具有较好的疗效,相对安全。     

急性缺血性脑梗死动脉内溶栓临床疗效评价

目的评价尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法对162例急性缺血性脑梗死患者应用尿激酶进行局部动脉内溶栓治疗,分析不同阻塞血管部位血管再通率和3个月后格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)之间的关系。结果脑血管造影发现血管闭塞162例,其中颈内动脉系统闭塞119例(73.5%):颈内动脉(ICA)主干闭塞27例(16.7%),大脑中动脉(MCA)闭塞63例(38.9%),大脑前动脉(ACA)闭塞29例(17.9%);椎基底动脉(VBA)闭塞43例(26.5%)。溶栓后再通分别为11例,40.7%;49例,77.8%;20例,68.9%和23例53.5%。治疗后3个月恢复良好者90例(55.6%),预后差72例(44.4%)。颅内出血8例(4.9%);再灌注损伤73例(45.1%);再栓塞6例(3.1%)。分析后认为ICA主干、VBA动脉再通率较低,预后差;MCA、ACA再通率高,预后好;开始治疗时间血管再通率和临床疗效相关(相关系数r=0.86)。结论局部动脉溶栓可以明显改善脑梗死患者的预后;预后和开始治疗的时间、血管再通有相关性,大脑中、前动脉血管再通率高,预后较好;颈内动脉主干血管阻塞很难再通;椎基底动脉血管再通后症状有所改善;血管不能再通或并发脑出血预后较差。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.