羊膜移植联合小梁切除术治疗难治性青光眼临床观察

目的 :探讨羊膜移植联合小梁切除术治疗难治性青光眼的有效性和安全性。方法 :采用保存的羊膜移植联合小梁切除术治疗难治性青光眼 2 2例 (2 6眼 ) ,术后随访 6个月～ 2 4个月 ,检查记录术后视力、滤过泡、前房深度、眼压及术后并发症等情况。结果 :随访期间眼压由术前 40 14± 8 17mmHg降至术后 18 15± 3 5 0mmHg ,比术前降低 5 5 0 % ,P <0 0 0 1。手术总成功率为92 3% ,保持功能性滤过泡 2 3眼 (88 5 % ) ,术后视力提高 2行以上者为 18眼 (69 2 % ) ,并发症主要包括浅前房 (3眼 )和低眼压 (6眼 )。结论 :羊膜移植联合小梁切除术可减少滤过道疤痕的形成 ,提高手术的成功率 ,是治疗难治性青光眼安全有效的方法之一。     

非穿透性小梁手术联合丝裂霉素C治疗原发性开角型青光眼

目的评价非穿透性小梁手术联合丝裂霉素C治疗原发性开角型青光眼的临床效果.方法28例39眼原发性开角型青光眼,行非穿透性小梁手术联合术中应用丝裂霉素C.术后观察前房、滤过泡、眼内反应、眼压及视力等情况.随访6～12个月.结果眼压术后5～7天7眼在3.96～7.10 mmHg,其余太低测不出;术后1、3、6和12个月平均眼压分别为(12.34±3.81)、(14.68±3.73)、(15.75±4.14)和(17.13±6.15)mmHg,与术前相比差异有非常显著性(t值分别为16.08、14.89、13.83和10.24,P均＜0.01).随访期间6眼眼压＞21 mmHg,经术区激光周边虹膜成型或房角穿刺4眼恢复正常.术后早期全部可见滤过泡隆起,随访末期77.1%可见功能性滤过泡.并发症有小梁-后弹力膜穿孔、术区虹膜前粘连及小梁-后弹力膜纤维增生增厚.术后视力与术前相比均有不同程度改善.结论非穿透性小梁手术联合丝裂霉素C治疗开角型青光眼降眼压效果好,并发症少,是一种理想的手术方法.     

非穿透小梁手术中应用丝裂霉素C的疗效

目的　评价非穿透小梁手术中应用丝裂霉素C治疗原发性开角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法　对 18例 (2 5只眼 )原发性开角型青光眼患者行非穿透小梁手术 ,术中联合应用丝裂霉素C。术后随访 6～ 2 8个月 ,平均 16个月。结果　患者术前平均眼压 (2 7 93± 7 6 2 )mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa) ;术后 3个月 ,平均眼压降至 (14 6 2± 3 5 3)mmHg ;差异有显著意义 (t=11 82 ,P <0 0 0 1)。术后2 5只眼均形成明显的弥散滤过泡。术后 3个月 ,2 1只眼有功能性滤过泡 ,4只眼功能性滤过泡消失。术后前房反应轻 ,1只眼发生前房出血 ;4只眼术中发现小梁网处有小穿孔 ,但无虹膜膨出 ,术后前房角镜检查均可见小穿孔 ;2只眼术中未发现小穿孔 ,而前房角镜下观察有小裂隙。结论　非穿透小梁手术中应用丝裂霉素C ,能有效降低开角型青光眼的眼压。术后患者视力恢复快 ,并发症少而轻。     

超声乳化联合抗青光眼手术治疗白内障合并闭角型青光眼

目的 :评价超声乳化吸除术联合虹膜周边切除术和联合小梁切除术对白内障合并闭角型青光眼的手术效果。方法 :回顾性分析 2 0 0 1年 4月至 12月白内障合并原发性闭角型青光眼患者行青光眼白内障联合手术 34例 4 0只眼。其中 15例 17只眼行超声乳化吸除术联合虹膜周边切除术 ,19例 2 3只眼行超声乳化吸除术联合小梁切除术。术后随访 3个月。结果 :虹膜周边切除术组术后眼压 (15 78± 4 5 2 )mmHg ,小梁切除术组术后眼压 (17 71± 3 1)mmHg ,均较术前有显著性差异(P <0 0 1)。两组间术后 1周 ,1、3个月均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。虹膜周边切除术组术后视力≥ 0 5者 13只眼 (占76 4 7% ) ,小梁切除术组 14只眼 (占 6 0 87% )。术后各种并发症、虹膜周边切除术组为 4只眼 (2 3 5 % ) ,小梁切除术组 15只眼 (6 5 2 2 % )。结论 :超声乳化联合虹膜周边切除术或小梁切除术均可以明显降低闭角型青光眼的眼压 ,提高视力。但虹膜周边切除术手术操作简单 ,术后并发症少 ,恢复快     

人工晶状体眼和无晶状体眼青光眼的小梁切除术观察

目的 初步观察发生于人工晶状体眼和无晶状体眼的青光眼,采用丝裂霉素C(MMC)联合可松解缝线小梁切除术的疗效。方法 对1999年2月至2005年4月的34例(35只眼)发生于人工晶状体眼和无晶状体眼的青光眼行丝裂霉素C联合可松解缝线小梁切除术,术后随访3～75个月,平均10个月。结果 术后随访眼压为(10.72±5.61)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),比术前用药后眼压(42±14.62)mmHg明显降低,差异性显著(t=11.942,P＜0.001)。结论 采用丝裂霉素C联合可松解缝线小梁切除术,可有效的治疗发生于人工晶状体眼和无晶状体眼的青光眼。     

小梁切除治疗急性原发性闭角型青光眼

目的　对比观察小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C(mitomycin C ,MMC)和单纯小梁切除术治疗急性原发性闭角型青光眼的结果。方法　 67例 (67眼 )分为两组 ,分别采用小梁切除术联合MMC和单纯小梁切除术治疗。结果　术后随访时间 6～ 18月 ,平均 (11. 12± 3 . 5 7)月。小梁切除术联合MMC组 (3 5眼 ) ,眼压控制绝对成功率为 82 . 86%(2 9眼 ) ,相对成功率为 94 .2 9%(3 3眼 ) ;单纯小梁切除术组 (3 2眼 ) ,眼压控制绝对成功率为 5 9. 3. 8%(19眼 ) ,相对成功率为 75 . 0 0 %(2 4眼 ) ;两组在眼压控制方面的差异具有显著意义 (P <0 . 0 5 )。术后主要并发症是前葡萄膜炎和虹膜后粘连。结论　小梁切除术联合MMC是药物治疗无反应的急性原发性闭角型青光眼治疗可供选择的手术方法。     

非穿透小梁手术联合丝裂霉素C治疗开角型青光眼

目的探讨非穿透小梁手术联合丝裂霉素C治疗开角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法对22例26眼原发性开角型青光眼行非穿透小梁手术,术中联合应用丝裂霉素C,术后观察视功能、眼压、滤过泡、前房角等情况,随访时间6～24个月,平均14个月。结果术后1周及3个月、6个月视力较术前无下降,术后1周平均眼压11.3±6.79mmHg,6个月平均眼压13.7±5.78mmHg,与术前26.24±7.92mmHg比较,差异有显著性。术后无严重并发症。结论非穿透小梁手术联合丝裂霉素C对患眼视功能影响小,降眼压效果确定,并发症少,是治疗原发性开角型青光眼的可行方法。     

非穿透小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼疗效观察

目的探讨非穿透小梁切除术术中联合丝裂霉素C应用及透明质酸钠凝胶植入术治疗开角型青光眼的疗效。方法对17例（20眼）开角型青光眼施行非穿透小梁切除术术中联合丝裂霉素C应用及透明质酸钠凝胶植入术。术中患者年龄不同，放置丝裂霉素C的时间亦不同。术后观察眼压、视功能、滤过泡及眼内反应等，随访8～36月。结果术中1例（1眼）因穿透前房改行“复合式小梁切除术”外，其余16例（19眼）术后眼压9～17mmHg，视力同术前。所有患者未见严重并发症发生。结论非穿透小梁切除术术中联合丝裂霉素C应用及透明质酸钠凝胶植入术是治疗开角型青光眼较好的一种手术方法。     

改良小梁切除术联合生物羊膜和丝裂霉素C治疗难治性青光眼

目的 探讨改良小梁切除术联合应用生物羊膜和丝裂霉素C治疗难治性青光眼的临床效果.方法 将难治性青光眼30例（32眼）随机均分为联合组和对照组.联合组施行改良小梁切除术＋巩膜瓣下丝裂霉素C处理＋生物羊膜移植;对照组施行传统小梁切除术.比较两组术前、术后1周、1个月、6个月、1年的视力、滤过泡和眼压.结果 术后1周两组视力差异无统计学意义;术后6个月及1年,联合组保持功能性滤泡率高于对照组差异有统计学意义;术后1周、6个月及1年联合组眼压均低于对照组;差异均有统计学意义.结论 改良小梁切除术联合应用生物羊膜和丝裂霉素C,可有效治疗难治性青光眼.     

术后可调控眼压小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C治疗青光眼的疗效观察

目的探讨术后可调控眼压小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C治疗青光眼的临床疗效。方法在小梁切除术中一次性应用丝裂霉素C及巩膜瓣可调缝线技术治疗1例(2眼)开角型青光眼,2例(3眼)原发性慢性闭角型青光眼,1例(1眼)难治性青光眼,52例(54眼)急性闭角型青光眼,共56例病人(60眼)。术后随访3-12个月,平均5.7个月,常规观察视力、眼压、前房形成、滤过泡及其他并发症等情况。结果术后一周的平均眼压在11.52mm Hg左右,术后3个月复查眼压平均在15.67mm Hg左右。结论术后可调控眼压小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C治疗青光眼,术后能够有效的调控眼压,减少术后并发症,滤过泡形成良好,明显提高了手术成功率。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.