Intraarterial low-dose cisplatin via an indwelling port and concurrent radiotherapy for invasive bladder cancer

Thirteen patients with invasive bladder cancer who had residual tumor after transurethral resections, were treated with consecutive intraarterial (IA) cisplatin (15 mg/d; total, 150 mg) and concurrent radiation (1.8 Gy/d; total, 30.6 Gy). All patients received unilateral or bilateral placement of vascular access devices (VAD) to perform daily cisplatin infusion after alteration of intrapelvic blood flow by coil embolizations. Tumor response was evaluated by transurethral biopsy 2 weeks after treatment. Complete response, defined as no viable tumor cell in the biopsy specimen, was achieved in seven patients (54%). After a median follow-up of 30 months (range, 12-48 months), 10 patients (77%) were alive, five (38%) of whom had no recurrence. Two cancer-related deaths were observed. All complete response cases survived with a median follow-up of 35 months (range, 25-48 months). Cause-specific and disease-free survival rates at 4 years were 85% and 28%, respectively. The regimen was well-tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxic events. There were no VAD-related complications. Consecutive IA low-dose cisplatin and concurrent radiation may be an acceptable alternative treatment for patients with bladder cancer who are not suitable for systemic chemotherapy. The use of a VAD contributed to successful consecutive IA infusions.     

髂内动脉化疗栓塞药泵置入联合手术治疗浸润性膀胱癌

目的：探讨治疗浸润性膀胱癌的有效方法。方法：对60例经手术、病理证实并获随访的浸润性膀胱癌患者分为A、B两组,A组30例为髂内动脉化疗栓塞药泵置入后手术治疗组,B组30例为单纯手术治疗组,分析比较两组患者术后复发率、病死率的差异,了解介入联合手术治疗的效应。结果：A组患者术前髂内动脉化疗栓塞后完全缓解率（CR）为16．7％（5／30）,部分缓解率（PR）为70％（21／30）,有效率（CR＋PR）为86．7％。术后切除标本病理检查光镜下可见大片状癌细胞变性坏死,间质见炎细胞浸润。A组死亡4例（13．3％）,B组死亡8例（26．7％）。A组复发6例（20％）,B组复发14例（46．7％）。结论：髂内动脉化疗栓塞药泵置人后手术治疗浸润性膀胱癌,安全有效,能显著提高膀胱癌的疗效。     

Split-course radiotherapy with or without concurrent or sequential chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer

In our department we designed a three-armed study to compare the effects of sequential and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Each treatment arm consisted of 15 patients with histologically confirmed stage III non-small cell lung cancer. In group 1, the main treatment approach was split-course radiotherapy alone. In group 2, 6 mg/m2 of cisplatin was applied daily and concurrently with split-course radiotherapy. In group 3, two cycles of etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin chemotherapy, which ended three weeks before split-course radiotherapy, was applied. Overall response rates were 40%, 66%, and 53% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Median survival was 10, 11, and 10 months for groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Results are discussed in the light of the literature.     

超选择膀胱动脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期膀胱癌

目的：采用经导管超选择性膀胱动脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期膀胱癌并探讨其疗效。技术要点及并发症。方法：15例经病理证实的中晚期膀胱癌,经两侧膀胱动脉局部灌注化疗,然后用碘油加5－氟尿啶及明胶海绵碎屑作.结果：CR＋PR为13例（13／15）,NC为2例（2／15）,总有效率为86．7％,4例获II期手术切除,结果：采用经导管超选择膀胱动脉化疗栓塞昌治疗中晚期膀胱癌的一种有效方法,部分患者还可获得II期手术机会,能明显提高患者的生存率。     

Effective bladder preservation strategy with low-dose radiation therapy and concurrent intrarrterial chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the toxicity and response, bladder preservation, and survival of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with multimodality therapy consisting of low-dose radiation therapy (RT) and concurrent intraarterial chemotherapy (IACT).

Methods and materials

Between November 1999 and July 2005, a total of 27 consecutive, previously untreated patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer underwent transurethral bladder tumor resection followed by concurrent low-dose RT and IACT. Patients who achieved a complete response (CR) were followed up closely without further therapy, and patients who did not achieve a CR underwent further treatment.

Results

Complete response was achieved in 22 of 27 patients (81%). Of these 22 patients, 7 developed recurrences, and 3 died of their disease. In five patients who did not achieve CR, one died from bone metastases. The 3-year overall survival rate was 81%, with a median follow-up time of 27 months; and 22 of 27 patients (81%) with a preserved bladder were tumor-free at the last follow-up. Three patients (11%) developed grade 3 acute hematological toxicity.

Conclusion

Multimodality therapy consisting of low-dose RT and concurrent IACT for muscle-invasive bladder cancer can achieve survival rates similar to those in patients treated with radical cystectomy, with successful bladder preservation and minimal adverse effects.     

经导管双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗治疗浸润性膀胱癌

目的 评价经导管超选择性动脉栓塞治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤大出血的疗效及安全性.方法 自1994年1月至2009年12月,共80例患者因恶性滋养细胞肿瘤大出血接受经导管超选择性动脉栓塞术治疗,其中侵蚀性葡萄胎18例,绒毛膜癌59例,胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤3例.出血部位包括子宫58例,阴道14例,盆腔2例,膀胱2例,肝脏3例和直肠1例.根据临床诊断及血管造影表现栓塞出血动脉,栓塞材料采用明胶海绵、弹簧圈及聚乙烯醇颗粒.术后随访3至120个月(平均30个月).结果 全部患者超选择性动脉插管均获成功,60例(75.0%)造影见出血阳性征象.73例患者(91.3%)出血成功控制,1例患者(1.3%)术后第3天因多器官衰竭死亡,6例患者(7.5%)再次出血,经手术治疗.动脉栓塞术后不良反应包括一过性躯体疼痛30例(37.5%)和发热45例(56.3%).结论 经导管超选择性动脉栓塞治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤大出血有效、安全,可作为首选治疗方法.     

Comparison of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy protocols combined with concurrent radiotherapy for esophageal cancer

Purpose  The optimal chemotherapeutic protocol for the treatment of esophageal cancer has not yet been established. This study was performed to identify the differences in toxicity and completion rates of various chemotherapy protocols with that goal in mind. Materials and methods  A total of 61 patients with esophageal cancer were enrolled in this study between June 2002 and January 2004. The total radiotherapy dose was 64 Gy. Three chemotherapy protocols were used. Arm A comprised daily low-dose cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) (CF protocol) (3 mg/m² and 180 mg/m², respectively). Arm B was intermediate between arm A and C (CDDP 7 mg/m² and 5FU 250 mg/m² on days 1–5, 8–12, 29–33, and 36–40). Arm C comprised two courses of standard CF (CDDP 70 mg/m² on day 1 and 5FU 600 mg/m²/24 h on days 1–4). Results  Although there were no significant differences in hematological toxicity between the protocols, leukocytopenia was slightly milder in arm A. Nausea was significantly more severe in arm C. The completion rate was higher in arm A. The 3-year survival rates were 40%, 31%, and 62%, respectively. Conclusion  The daily low-dose CF protocol showed a trend of mild toxicity regarding leukocytopenia. However, we could not find statistical difference between arms. It also showed a better completion rate than the other two arms.     

髂内动脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期浸润性膀胱癌

目的评价双侧髂内动脉化疗栓塞对中晚期膀胱癌的治疗效果。方法97例膀胱癌患者(Ⅲ期58例,Ⅳ期39例)包括伴有大出血45例均经双侧髂内动脉化疗栓塞术。术后,采用膀胱镜和超声检查对所有患者随访1个月～4个月。结果97例患者的出血症状于化疗栓塞术后,均得到有效控制。随访证实,完全缓解(CR)达25.8%,部分缓解(PR)达68%,总有效率(CR PR)为93.8%,因此,疗效是较为满意的。结论双侧髂内动脉化疗栓塞术不仅对控制浸润性膀胱癌的出血性症状疗效显著,而且对于降低肿瘤的级和期具有不可低估的作用,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Salvage radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy for pelvic recurrence after hysterectomy alone for early-stage uterine cervical cancer

Purpose

Treatment outcomes of patients with pelvic recurrence after hysterectomy alone for uterine cervical cancer who received salvage radiotherapy (RT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy were investigated.

Methods

Salvage RT for recurrent cervical cancer confined to the pelvic cavity after hysterectomy alone was received by 33 patients. The median interval between initial hysterectomy and recurrence was 26 months. Whole-pelvic irradiation was delivered to median dose of 45?Gy, followed by a boost with a median dose of 16?Gy to the gross tumor volume. Cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy was administered to 29 patients.

Results

The median follow-up period was 53 months for surviving patients. Most patients (97.0%) completed salvage RT of ≥45?Gy. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 23 patients (69.7%). Pelvic sidewall involvement and evaluation with positron-emission tomography-computed tomography were significantly associated with CR. The 5?year progression-free survival (PFS), local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 62.7, 79.5, 72.5, and 60.1%, respectively. Initial International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, pelvic sidewall involvement, and CR status were significant factors for PFS and OS rates in multivariate analysis. The incidence of severe acute and late toxicities (≥grade 3) was 12.1 and 3.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

Aggressive salvage RT with or without concurrent chemotherapy for recurrent cervical cancer confined to the pelvic cavity was feasible, with promising treatment outcomes and acceptable toxicities. However, even more intensive novel treatment strategies should be investigated for patients with unfavorable prognostic factors.

     

动脉灌注化疗联合高能超声聚焦刀治疗晚期膀胱癌8例报告

目的 :探索动脉灌注化疗联合高能超声聚焦刀 (HIFU)治疗晚期 (T3 或T4)膀胱癌的价值。方法 :用吡喃阿霉素 30～ 5 0mg/m2 进行动脉灌注化疗 1～ 2次 ,治疗结束后 1周 ,使用HIFU治疗仪FEP -BY0 1对晚期膀胱肿瘤进行治疗。结果 :经动脉灌注化疗 1～ 2次 ,8例血尿均较前有所减轻 ,其中 1例完全停止 ;联合HIFU治疗后 ,其中 5例血尿完全停止 ,2例完全缓解 ,5例部份缓解 ,有效率达 87 5 % ;且无皮肤烧伤、穿孔、大出血、疼痛等并发证出现。结论 :动脉灌注化疗联合HIFU这一新型局部治疗技术对治疗晚期膀胱癌安全有效。     

胃癌动脉灌注化疗近期疗效观察

胃癌是消化系统常见的恶性肿瘤，主要治疗手段为手术切除，但是患者就诊时多为晚期，失去手术治疗的机会,单纯静脉化疗的疗效不佳。我院自1997年2月～2000年3月应用动脉灌注化疗治疗晚期胃癌33例取得了较好疗效，报道如下：     

经动脉灌注脂肪乳剂顺铂混合液行犬胰腺癌局部化疗的研究

目的 探讨经动脉灌注脂肪乳顺铂混合液,行胰腺局部灌注化疗治疗胰腺癌的效果及作用机制.方法 24只健康杂种犬,按随机表法分为A、B、C、D组,每组6只.4组顺铂用量均为4 mg/kg.A、B组以20%脂肪乳为溶剂,配制成顺铂-脂肪乳混合液,A组用量为2 ml/kg、B组用量为1 ml/kg;C、D组以生理盐水为溶剂,配制成顺铂-生理盐水溶液,C组用量为2 ml/kg、D组为1 ml/kg.置管至实验动物脾动脉开口部,根据各组的用药标准,分别将配制好的药物经动脉灌注到胰腺肿瘤区.分别于给药后即刻及3、5、10、20、30、40、50、60 min采集外周静脉血,60 min后取胰腺、胰周和肝、肾、脾等组织,测定血液和组织匀浆内顺铂的浓度,计算实验犬血液的时间-药物浓度曲线下面积(AUC)、初始药物浓度(C0)及生物半衰期(t1/2),并观察组织病理改变.组织染色采用HE染色.4组AUC、C0、t1/2间比较,采用方差分析,组间两两比较采用q检验;A、B组组织中顺铂浓度的比较用成组t检验,数据方差不齐时采用t'检验.结果 AUC、C0、t1/2在A组分别为(54.5±10.1)%、(2.6±0.5)mg/L、(16.7±3.6)min,B组分别为(18.3±6.0)%、(1.5±0.2)mg/L、(47.9±11.1)min,C组分别为(116.7±20.6)%、(6.5±0.4)mg/L、(10.5±2.8)min,D组分别为(126.6±30.7)%、(5.5±0.4)mg/L、(10.1±3.1)min,4组间比较差异有统计学意义(AUC、C0、t1/2的F值分别为42.42、249.61、12.48,P值均<0.01).A、B组的AUC和C0明显低于C、D组(A组与C组、B组与D组比较AUC,t值分别为6.64、8.49,比较C0的t值分别为16.34、22.30,P值均<0.01),t1/2明显长于C、D组(A组与C组、B组与D组比较,t值分别为3.36、3.71,P值均<0.01));B组的AUC、C0明显低于A组(t值分别为7.57、5.48,P值均<0.01),t1/2长于A组(t值为3.22,P<0.05).B组的胰左叶、胰腺角中顺铂含量较A组增高[B组分别为0.18、0.18 mg/L,A组分别为0.05、0.05 mg/L],差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.52、2.73,P值均<0.05);胰腺右叶和脾脏组织中的顺铂浓度两组比较差异无统计学意义[B组分别为0.11、0.29 mg/L,A组分别为0.07、0.24 mg/L,P值均>0.05].病理检查所见:A、B组犬胰腺、胰周淋巴结、肝脏、脾脏有少量炎细胞浸润及血管扩张充血,血管内可见脂肪乳颗粒.其余组织及C、D组病理检查未见异常.结论 脂肪乳作为溶剂可使顺铂在胰腺的浓度显著增高、进入血循环的药物总量减少.进入组织的药物量与脂肪乳内所含顺铂的浓度有关,浓度越高,进入组织内的药物越多.     

手术前后联合区域动脉灌注化疗对中低位直肠癌生存期的影响

直肠癌术后复发和转移制约着根治性切除后患者5年生存率的提高.术前区域动脉灌注化疗可提高进展期直肠癌的根治性切除率[1],术后区域动脉灌注化疗可抑制直肠癌根治性切除后盆腔局部复发和肝转移[2].笔者通过对术前辅助肠系膜下动脉及肝动脉灌注化疗、术后辅助双侧髂内动脉及肝动脉灌注化疗加常规静脉化疗的pT3-4N0-2M0期中低位直肠癌患者临床资料的回顾性分析,探讨手术前后联合区域动脉灌注化疗对直肠癌患者复发和远期生存的影响.     

Prediction of myocutaneous adverse side effect due to intra-arterial chemotherapy by intra-arterial (99m)Tc-macroaggregated albumin administration in patients with bone and soft-tissue tumors.

In malignant bone and soft-tissue tumors, intra-arterial chemotherapy and limb-saving surgery have become popular. Myocutaneous inflammatory change and necrosis are the major local side effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy. (99m)Tc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) imaging with intra-arterial tracer administration was performed to evaluate drug distribution, and the ability of (99m)Tc-MAA imaging to predict local side effects was assessed. METHODS: In 24 patients, 42 (99m)Tc-MAA images were obtained with tracer injection through an intra-arterial catheter that was inserted into the proximal portion of the tumor-feeding artery. Abnormal uptake other than by tumor was assessed visually and quantitatively. RESULTS: In visual analysis, abnormal (99m)Tc-MAA accumulation was observed in 21 of 42 images. In the first consecutive 13 of these 21 images, intra-arterial chemotherapy with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and caffeine was administered, and myocutaneous inflammation or necrosis in the area corresponding to the abnormal (99m)Tc-MAA uptake was observed in 11. In contrast, none of the 21 images without abnormal (99m)Tc-MAA uptake demonstrated any local adverse effect from intra-arterial chemotherapy. In the last consecutive 8 images with abnormal (99m)Tc-MAA uptake, intra-arterial chemotherapy was initiated with only cisplatin, and doxorubicin and caffeine administration was changed to the intravenous route. In all 8 of these images, no local adverse effects from chemotherapy were observed. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of (99m)Tc-MAA imaging for the detection of myocutaneous damage were 100% (11/11), 91% (21/23), and 94% (32/34), respectively, and positive and negative predictive values were 85% (11/13) and 100% (21/21), respectively. In quantitative analysis, when the diagnostic threshold of the uptake ratio was set at 2.5, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the detection of myocutaneous complications were 91% (10/11), 96% (22/23), and 94% (32/34), respectively, and positive and negative predictive values were 91% (10/11) and 96% (22/23), respectively. CONCLUSION: (99m)Tc-MAA imaging with intra-arterial infusion before intra-arterial chemotherapy for bone and soft-tissue tumors can facilitate prediction of local myocutaneous adverse effects due to chemotherapy.     

Intra-arterial high-dose chemotherapy with cisplatin as part of a palliative treatment concept in oral cancer

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with cancer of the oral cavity often present with advanced tumor stages, distant metastasis, or severe comorbidities, which render radical surgery unfeasible. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response rate, technical feasibility, and safety of intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy as palliative treatment in this situation. METHODS: From November 1997 to December 2003, 64 patients with histologically proven oral squamous cell carcinoma, classified as inoperable, received IA high-dose chemotherapy with cisplatin as a palliative treatment at our institution. To minimize toxic side effects, sodium thiosulfate was given intravenously. Twenty-eight percent of the patients were female; average age was 61.5 years. Clinical staging of primary tumors was TNM (tumor, nodules, metastases) stage IV in 89%, stage III in 6.3% and stage II in 4.7%. After local chemotherapy, additional radiation of the tumor area or radiochemotherapy was performed in 33 patients. RESULTS: There were no major catheter-related complications or severe side effects of IA chemotherapy. After the first cycle, 10% percent of the patients had complete remission (CR), 35% had partial response (PR), and 43.3% presented with stable disease. Mean follow-up interval was 11 +/- 12.9 months. Forty-five patients died after a mean period of 7.6 +/- 7.0 months (median, 5.1 months). The overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 29.5% and 18%, respectively. There was a trend toward longer survival in patients who received subsequent radiation or radiochemotherapy after IA chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: IA chemotherapy in patients with inoperable carcinoma of the oral cavity as palliative treatment was technically feasible and safe. The overall response rate after IA chemotherapy was 45% (CR 10%; PR 35%). Side effects could be minimized by neutralizing the cytotoxic agent by sodium thiosulfate.     

Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in the treatment of anal cancer: 20-year experience from a single institute

Purpose

To report the efficacy and toxicity of radio(chemo)therapy (RCT) in the management of squamous cell anal carcinoma (SQ-AC) and to evaluate the prognostic factors influencing the outcomes.

Patients and methods

A consecutive cohort of 138 patients with cT1-4, cN0-3, cM0 SQ-AC were treated with RCT between 1988 and 2011 at our department. Median follow-up time for surviving patients from the start of RCT was 98 months (range, 1–236 months). Patients were treated with a median radiation dose of 56 Gy (range, 4–61 Gy). Concurrent chemotherapy was administered to 119 patients (86%).

Results

The survival rates at 2, 5, and 10 years were 88?±?3, 82?±?4, and 59?±?6%, respectively, with a median overall survival (OS) of 167 months. The cumulative incidence for local recurrence at 2 and 5 years was 8?±?2 and 11?±?3%, respectively. The median disease-free survival (DFS) and colostomy-free survival (CFS) times were 132 and 135 months, respectively. In 19 patients (14%), a distant metastasis was diagnosed after a median time of 19 months. In the multivariate analysis, UICC (International Union Against Cancer) stage I-II, female gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0–1, and good/moderate histologic differentiation (G1–2) were significantly associated with a better OS, DFS, and CFS. Conformal radiotherapy planning techniques were significantly associated with a lower cumulative incidence of local recurrence (11?±?3% vs. 38?±?19% at 5 years, p?=?0.006). A higher radiation dose beyond 54 Gy was not associated with an improvement in outcome, neither for smaller—(T1/T2) nor for larger tumors (T3/T4).

Conclusion

RCT leads to excellent outcomes—especially in patients with stage I/II and G1/G2 tumors—with acceptable toxicity. The probable advantages of high-dose radiotherapy should be considered carefully against the risk of a higher rate of toxicity. Future studies are needed to investigate the role of a more intensified (systemic) treatment for patients with unfavorable prognostic factors such as T3/T4, N+, and/or poor cell differentiation.     

腹腔镜膀胱全切术治疗极高龄肌层浸润性膀胱癌临床效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜膀胱全切术治疗80岁以上极高龄肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者的临床疗效与安全性。方法选取2014年7月至2016年7月收治的80岁以上浸润性膀胱癌患者32例,所有患者均行腹腔镜膀胱全切术。观察并记录手术时间、术中失血量、术后住院时间及并发症发生情况等。结果 32例患者手术均获成功,无死亡,其中,4例中转开腹;平均手术时间为(181.0±40.3)min;平均术中出血量为(325.0±88.9)ml;平均术后住院时间为(10.0±2.8)d;术后发生肺部感染2例、下肢静脉血栓2例、应激性溃疡1例、切口感染1例。结论腹腔镜膀胱全切术治疗80岁以上极高龄肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者安全有效,可在临床推广应用。