羟基喜树碱与丝裂霉素膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的临床观察

目的 比较浅表性膀胱癌惠者行膀胱部分切除术后,膀胱灌注羟基喜树碱(HCPT)和丝裂霉素(MMC)预防肿瘤复发的疗效和安全性.方法 将82例浅表性膀胱癌术后患者随机分为HCPT组(42例)和MMC组(40例),于术后1周分别采用HCPT 15 mg或MMC 40 mg膀胱内灌注,随访2年,观察肿瘤复发及不良反应发生情况.结果 术后2年肿瘤复发HCPT组6例(14.3%),MMC组14例(35.0%),HCPT治疗组复发率明显低于MMC组(x2=4.76;P=0.029);不良反应HCPT组7例(16.7%),MMC组15例(37.5%),两组比较也具有统计学意义(x2=4.53 P=0.033).结论 浅表性膀胱癌术后以HCPT膀胱灌注降低肿瘤复发的疗效优于MMC,且不良反应少,患者耐受性好,可作为临床一线用药.     

卡介苗与丝裂霉素C膀胱灌注预陟浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效比较

目的比较卡介苗(BCG)与丝裂霉素C(MMC)膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发性的药物疗效。方法对87例浅表性膀胱癌术后患者分别用国产BCG、MMC进行预防灌注,并作随诊和疗效比较。结果应用BCG预防灌注的膀胱癌复发率显著低于MMC(P<0。05),且复发的膀胱癌病理分级及临床分期进展发生率低。结论BCG膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌复发作用优于MMC,可以显著减少肿瘤复发(但膀胱炎发生率明显高于MMC),高危复发患者应首选BCG作为预防灌注药物。     

THP和MMC膀胱内灌注治疗浅表性膀胱癌疗效观察

目的 评价吡柔比星(THP)、丝裂霉素C(MMC)两种药物膀胱灌注治疗浅表性膀胱癌的不同疗效.方法 将64例浅表性膀胱癌随机分为两组,分别用THP和MMC作膀胱灌注治疗药物,观察其不同疗效.结果 所有病例随访3～24个月,平均14个月.THP组复发率11.76%(4/34),MMC组复发率23.33%(7/30),差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 THP膀胱灌注防治浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效优于MMC,可作为临床一线用药.     

丝裂霉素C预防浅表性膀胱癌等离子电切术后复发

目的探讨丝裂霉素C(MMC)预防浅表性膀胱癌等离子电切术(PKRBT)后复发的有效性.方法 73例浅表性膀胱癌病人行PKBRT后即MMC 40 mg膀胱内灌注,常规MMC膀胱灌注12月.结果术后6月复发3例(4.1%),12月复发11例(15.1%),20月复发15例(20.5%).结论 MMC膀胱内灌注在PKRBT术后预防复发疗效良好.     

羟基喜树碱与白介素-2膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌复发的临床研究

目的 探讨羟基喜树碱(HCPT)与白介素-2(IL-2)膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌复发的临床效果.方法 对25例表浅性膀胱癌的患者,行保留膀胱的手术治疗,术后行HCPT IL-2联合灌注.结果 25例患者共复发10例,其中2例复发2次,1例患者行全膀胱切除,复发时间间隔6～36月,平均9月.所有患者治疗中均未见严重副反应.结论 HCPT IL-2膀胱灌注对于预防膀胱癌手术后局部复发是一种安全、有效的方法 .     

羟基喜树碱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发

目的：探讨膀胱癌术后复发的有效预防方法。方法：对行保留膀胱手术治疗的52例膀胱癌患者，术后采用羟基喜树碱（HCPT）行膀胱灌注治疗，并与同期48例行卡苗及16例行丝裂霉素灌注者进行比较。结果：HCPT组随访52例，复发11例，复发率为21.2%。疗效优于丝裂霉素，略低于卡介苗，并发症和毒副作用极轻。结论：HCPT灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发有较好的效果。毒副作用少而轻。综合比较，明显优于卡介苗和丝裂霉素。     

吡柔比星与羟基喜树碱对浅表性膀胱癌的预防及安全性的meta分析

目的 比较吡柔比星(THP)与羟基喜树碱（HCPT）膀胱灌注对膀胱癌复发的预防作用及治疗毒性。方法 收集关于THP与HCPT 膀胱灌注治疗膀胱癌的比较性研究文献,进行系统分析。采用相对危险度(RR)及95%可信区间(CI)作为评价比较疗效及毒性差异的指标。统计软件为 RevMan 5.3。结果 共入选18项临床研究包括1597名患者,其中822例接受THP治疗,775例接受HCPT治疗。Meta分析结果提示,THP组与HCPT组6个月复发率无统计学差异[ RR =0.69,95% CI (0.47,1.02), P >0.05],9个月复发率无统计学差异[ 0R =0.80,95% CI (0.42,1.54), P>0.05],而THP组1年内复发率低于 HCPT 组 [ RR =0.74,95% CI (0.56,0.99), P <0.05] ,2年内复发率也低于HCPT组[ RR =0.74,95% CI (0.61,0.92), P <0. 01]。两组间的膀胱刺激症状、血象无显著性差异 ( P 均>0.5);两组膀胱灌注预防血尿发生率的差异有统计学意义[ RR =1.74,95% CI (1.11,2.72) P =0.02],羟基喜树碱组血尿发生率低于吡柔比星组。 结论： 吡柔比星与羟基喜树碱对肿瘤的复发率的控制灌注后约6、9个月无明显差异,而长期来看1年和2年THP的复发率小于HCPT,因此THP的控制效果优于HCPT：两者的不良反应中的膀胱刺激症状、血象异常（白细胞降低）无明显差异,而羟基喜树碱组血尿发生率低于吡柔比星组。在可以耐住不良反应的前提下,优选THP。     

不同药物膀胱灌注预防膀胱肿瘤患者术后复发的临床研究

目的 研究吡柔比星(THP)、吉西他滨(GEM)和丝裂霉素C(MMC)预防经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后非浸润性膀胱癌复发的临床效果和安全性.方法 将2011年1月—2013年1月收治的140例非浸润性膀胱癌患者按治疗药物分为3组,THP组50例,GEM组47例,MMC组43例.术后24 h内开始灌注,每周1次,8次后每月1次,用药至术后12个月.随访36个月观察患者的复发情况及不良反应.结果 12、24和36个月时THP组患者复发率明显低于GEM组和MMC组,且GEM组低于MMC组(P<0.05).3组总不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 THP和GEM用于预防膀胱肿瘤疗效明显高于MMC,并且无明显不良反应.     

羟基喜树碱联合卡介苗灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发疗效观察

目的 观察羟基喜树碱(HCPT)加卡介苗(BCG)灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效.方法 将86例行经尿道膀胱镜下肿瘤电切术(TUR)的浅表性膀胱癌患者随机分为A组:HCPT加BCG组(50例)和B组:HCPT组(36例),前者术后6h内采用HCPT灌注加小剂量BCG维持,后者单用传统HCPT灌注.观察两组患者的肿瘤复发和毒副反应情况.结果 经12～69个月,平均34个月随访,A组5例患者肿瘤复发,B组9例患者肿瘤复发,两组复发率间的差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);A组患者毒副反应发生率为6%,B组为5.5%.结论 TUR术后即刻膀胱灌注HCP加小剂量忧BCG维持预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发疗效较好,不良反应少,临床使用安全可靠.     

丝裂霉素C与卡介苗膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的疗效观察

目的探讨丝裂霉素C(MMC)和卡介苗(BCG)膀胱腔内序贯组合灌注对预防膀胱癌术后复发的疗效。方法38例膀胱癌患者经尿道电切术(TURBT)或膀胱部分切除术后分两组:①MMC和BCG组合(20例):术后1周内先用MMC膀胱腔内灌注,第2周后用BCG膀胱腔内灌注。以后二药交替使用,每周1次。②单用BCG组(18例)术后随访24个月,单用BCG组3例分别于术后6,8,11个复发、复发率16%(3/18),MMC和BCG组合无复发。两组均无严重并发症和不良反应。结论MMC和BCG组合定期磅胱内灌注的化学免疫疗法对预防膀胱癌术后复发疗效肯定。     

3种药物膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的最小成本分析

目的:评价3种药物膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的经济学效果。方法:126例经尿道行膀胱肿瘤电切术后的浅表性膀胱癌患者分为3组,分别采用30 mg吡柔比星溶于40 mL生理盐水、20 mg羟基喜树碱溶于40 mL生理盐水、20 mg丝裂霉素溶于40 mL生理盐水进行膀胱内灌注治疗,总疗程12个月。随访3～24个月,观察复发率,并进行药物经济学分析。结果:THP、HCPT、MMC组复发率分别为18.18%、21.43%、20.00%(P>0.05),医疗总费用分别为15 924.36、12 018.36、8 580.36元。结论:MMC组方案较佳。     

吡柔比星膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的效果分析

目的：观察吡柔比星膀胱灌注防治初发非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后复发的临床效果和毒副反应。方法将58例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌手术患者按数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各29例。两组均采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗,术后观察组采用吡柔比星膀胱灌注治疗,对照组采用丝裂霉素C（ MMC）膀胱灌注治疗,随访1年评价两组复发率,观察毒副反应。结果观察组随访期内总复发率为10．3％,对照组总复发率为20．7％,两组差异有统计学意义（χ^2＝13．880,P＜0．05）;观察组毒性反应发生率为24．1％,低于对照组的27．5％,两组差异无统计学意义（χ^2＝0．090,P＞0．05）;Ⅱ～Ⅲ级不良反应发生率观察组为6．8％,对照组为17．2％,两组差异有统计学意义（χ^2＝16．960,P＜0．05）。结论吡柔比星膀胱灌注可以有效地预防非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的术后复发,且毒副作用小,是一种疗效确切、安全可靠的膀胱灌注药物。     

Epirubicin: a review of its intravesical use in superficial bladder cancer

The anthracycline epirubicin has been investigated for intravesical use in patients with superficial bladder cancer. In multicentre, randomised trials, prophylaxis with intravesical epirubicin 30 to 80 mg after transurethral resection (TUR) was more effective than no prophylaxis in the prevention of disease recurrence. Intravesical prophylaxis with epirubicin was as effective as that with equivalent dosages of doxorubicin after TUR. Data are conflicting concerning the relative efficacy of intravesical epirubicin and bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in patients at intermediate risk of recurrence after TUR, but epirubicin was less effective than BCG in those at high risk. The efficacy and tolerability of prophylaxis with epirubicin relative to that with mitomycin is not yet established. The efficacy of epirubicin as prophylaxis after TUR in combination with BCG or interferon-alpha-2b, or as treatment in patients with superficial bladder cancer has been evaluated in small, noncomparative trials, but requires clarification. Adverse events associated with intravesical epirubicin were generally mild and transient. The most common adverse events were localised to the bladder (cystitis, haematuria and urinary tract infection). Systemic adverse events (cardiac, haematological or related to hypersensitivity) were not reported in many trials of intravesical epirubicin, and when reported generally occurred in < or =5% of patients who received the drug. Intravesical epirubicin was generally tolerated as well as intravesical doxorubicin and was associated with a lower incidence of mild chemical cystitis in 1 clinical trial. The incidence of adverse events associated with intravesical epirubicin was markedly lower than that associated with intravesical BCG. Conclusions: Intravesical epirubicin has shown efficacy in preventing disease recurrence after TUR of superficial bladder cancer. In comparison with equivalent dosages of doxorubicin, the efficacy of epirubicin for this indication is generally similar, and the tolerability profile may be more favourable. Epirubicin is less effective than BCG as intravesical prophylaxis in patients at high risk of recurrence after TUR; the relative efficacy of epirubicin and BCG after TUR in patients at intermediate risk is not yet clear. Intravesical epirubicin is generally tolerated better than BCG. Intravesical epirubicin may be used as prophylaxis after TUR in patients who are at low or intermediate risk of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.     

不同剂量丝裂霉素C膀胱灌注治疗Ta期膀胱移行细胞癌术后的临床观察

目的比较不同剂量丝裂霉素C（Mitomycin C,MMC）膀胱灌注治疗Ta期膀胱移行细胞癌（Ta-bladder transitional cell carcinoma,Ta-BTCC）术后的疗效及副作用。方法将114例Ta-BTCC术后患者随机分成A、B、C组,每组38例,A组给予20mg、B组给予40mg和C组给予60mg MMC行膀胱灌注治疗,并作随访12～20个月,平均16个月,观察患者的疗效及不良反应情况。结果 B组（40mg）的副作用较C组（60mg）轻（P〈0.05）,膀胱癌复发率较A组（20mg）低（P〈0.05）。结论 MMC灌注剂量为40mg时不良反应更轻,肿瘤复发率较低,是目前Ta-BTCC术后较理想的灌注剂量。     

浅表性膀胱尿路上皮癌TUR-Bt术后膀胱灌注吡柔比星及丝裂霉素疗效及安全性比较

目的 比较吡柔比星与丝裂霉素膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱尿路上皮癌TUR-Bt术后的效疗与安全性.方法 将47例浅表性膀胱尿路上皮癌TUR-Bt术后的患者,随机分成2组,分别用吡柔比星和丝裂霉素作膀胱灌注,定期复查膀胱镜及血常规、尿常规、肝肾功能检查,观察其治疗效果及副作用.结果 吡柔比星组2例(8.7%)复发,丝裂霉素组4例(16.7%)复发,复发率吡柔比星组明显低于丝裂霉素组(P<0.05);膀胱刺激症,吡柔比星组2例(8.7%),丝裂霉素组3例(12.5%);其他副作用方面吡柔比星出现排尿困难1例.结论 丝裂霉素及吡柔比星膀胱灌注安全性相似,与丝裂霉素相比,吡柔比星具有膀胱内化疗药保留时间短、疗效高等优点.     

Effect of local hyperthermia of the bladder on mitomycin C pharmacokinetics during intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma

AIMS: To assess the effect of local hyperthermia on the systemic absorption of mitomycin C (MMC) during intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and to establish the likely safety of this procedure. METHODS: Group 1 (n = 12) received 20 mg intravesical MMC plus local hyperthermia, group 2 (n = 13) 20 mg MMC alone, group 3 (n = 16) 40 mg MMC plus local hyperthermia and group 4 (n = 10) 40 mg MMC alone. Patients in groups 1, 2, and 4 underwent post-tumour resection adjuvant treatment, whereas those in group 3 still had tumour present and were treated to eradicate it. Intravesical instillation lasted 60 min, with the solution (50 ml) being replaced after the first 30 min. Blood samples were taken before, and every 15 min during instillation. MMC concentrations in plasma and in urine were determined by h.p.l.c. RESULTS: The highest MMC plasma concentration (67.9 ng ml(-1)) occurred in a patient in group 3. This value was well below the threshold concentration (400 ng ml-1) for myelosuppression. Local hyperthermia associated with the intravesical chemotherapy enhanced plasma MMC concentrations at 30, 45 and 60 min compared with chemotherapy alone (Group 1 vs 2, P < or = 0.008). Systemic exposure to MMC was not significantly increased by doubling the intravesical dose when intravesical chemotherapy alone was administered. Patients in group 3 displayed the highest degree of MMC absorption and the greatest variability in pharmacokinetics between patients. CONCLUSIONS: Local hyperthermia enhances the systemic absorption of MMC during intravesical chemotherapy for bladder cancer. In the doses used, plasma MMC concentrations were always more than six times lower than those shown to cause toxicity.     

吡柔比星与丝裂霉素膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效对比

目的 评价吡柔比星、丝裂霉素膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的临床疗效.方法 将145例浅表性膀胱癌按病理分级和临床分期完全随机分为吡柔比星组75例和丝裂霉素组70例,分别用吡柔比星、丝裂霉素作为膀胱灌注治疗药物.观察2组疗效.结果 所有患者随访3～36个月,平均19.5个月;吡柔比星组有效率89.3%,复发率10.7%,丝裂霉素组有效率78.6%,复发率21.4%,2组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 丝裂霉素耐受性较好,吡柔比星疗效优于丝裂霉素,对预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效满意,可作为临床一线药物.