锰的接触—反应／效应关系研究

本文对60名接触高浓度和低浓度锰作业工人以及40名非锰作业者(对照组)进行了体格检查,尿锰和尿香草扁桃酸(VMA)测定,发现随着吸入锰烟尘浓度的增高,受检者的神经系统症状和体征以及尿锰和尿VMA 相应增高,经统计学检验有显著性差异。研究结果显示,尿锰和尿VMA 的增高对锰中毒的早期诊断有一定参考价值。     

锰的接触—反应/效应关系研究

本文对60名接触高浓度和低浓度锰作业工人以及40名非锰作业者(对照组)进行了体格检查,尿锰和尿香草扁桃酸(VMA)测定,发现随着吸入锰烟尘浓度的增高,受检者的神经系统症状和体征以及尿锰和尿VMA相应增高,经统计学检验有显著性差异。研究结果显示,尿锰和VMA的增高对锰中毒的早期诊断有一定参考价值。     

锰职业接触工人生物标志物的研究

目的 探讨锰接触工人个体实际接触剂量与生物指标之间的关系,以寻找合适的早期生物学监测指标.方法 选择济南市某机车车辆厂电焊作业工人270名,收集其血液和尿液.原子吸收光谱法测定血锰、尿锰和个体锰接触剂量;高效液相色谱荧光法测定尿中高香草酸(HVA)和香草扁桃酸(VMA);对各指标进行相关性分析.结果 个体锰接触剂量(CTWA)为0.005 5～1.957 7mg/m3,平均浓度为(0.25±0.31)mg/m3;接锰工人尿锰浓度为0.011 2～2.447 2μg/mg Cr,平均(0.22±0.31)μg/mg Cr;血锰浓度为0.06～38.70 μg/ml,平均(3.94±6.66)μg/ml;尿HVA浓度为0.102～4.780 μg/mg Cr,平均(1.01±0.78)μg/mg Cr;VMA浓度为0.032～2.768 μg/mg Cr,平均(0.61±0.35)μg/mg Cr.个体锰接触剂量与血锰、尿锰、尿中VMA之间均无相关性(P＞0.05);个体锰接触剂量与尿中HVA呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(r=-0.168,P＜0.01).结论 血锰、尿锰、尿中VMA均不能作为评价锰接触的接触生物标志物;尿中HVA可以作为评价锰接触的效应生物标志物.     

稳态噪声对家兔尿中3-甲氧-4羟基扁桃酸排出量的观察

3-甲氧-4羟基扁桃酸(VMA)是肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的代谢产物,产生于正常人尿中,嗜铬细胞瘤病人尿中则可异常地大量出现。锰中毒病人体内儿茶酚胺代谢改变,特别是脑内多巴胺含量减少已被很多作者所证实。在锰中毒时,儿茶酚胺代谢产物VMA排出量有人报告比正常人或接触工人显著减少,也有报告VMA在接触者、冶炼工、无锰接触的正常人中均无明显差异。日本作者认为尿中VMA排出量有一天内时间变动和季节变化。为了观察稳态噪声对机体VMA排出量的影响,现报告实验结果如下:     

实验性慢性锰中毒的若干指标探讨

以家兔静脉注射氯化锰法,使家兔逐渐产生锰中毒,测定其尿中VMA排出量和尿锰,家兔自然死亡后,对实验家兔进行病理解剖,并测定内脏中锰含量。注射锰按5mg/kg进行,间隔两天注射一次,累计注射量为30～160mg/kg,而尿中锰排出率约为0.61～2.66％,即随着锰累计注射量的增加,尿锰排出量也增加;血尿中VMA排出量随锰注射增     

微波辐射对人体健康影响的调查研究

本文对33名微波作业人员进行了职业危害调查。结果表明:微波组神经衰弱综合征的发生率高于对照组,有极显著差异(P<0.01);血压偏低、心动过缓、晶状体混浊和尿香草扁桃酸(VMA)排出增高的检出率,微波组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。作者认为尿VMA可能是微波辐射早期影响的客观指标之一。     

染铝大鼠尿中单胺类神经递质代谢物含量的变化

目的观察三氯化铝 (AlCl3)对染毒大鼠尿中单胺类神经递质含量变化的影响 ,寻找早期生物学监测指标 ,为探讨铝的神经毒性作用机制提供依据。方法144只Wistar大鼠随机分为注射剂量分别为5.0、15.0、25.0mg/Kg的3个剂量组和生理盐水对照组。用原子吸收分光光度计测定尿铝含量 ,用高效液相色谱仪测定尿中高香草酸 (HVA)及香草扁桃酸 (VMA)含量。结果各时间剂量组大鼠尿铝均显著高于对照组 (P<0.01);尿中的HVA和VMA水平均较高 ,各时间剂量组VMA水平显著高于对照组 (P<0.01) ;25mg/kg组HVA也显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)。结论铝可影响单胺类神经递质代谢 ,尿铝和VMA可用作铝引起的中枢神经系统功能异常的早期生物学监测指标     

尿儿茶酚胺和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苦杏仁酸联合检测对诊断嗜铬细胞瘤的临床价值

目的 研究尿儿茶酚胺和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苦杏仁酸(VMA)联合检测对诊断嗜铬细胞瘤的临床价值.方法 采用高效液相-电化学法检测60例嗜铬细胞瘤患者和60例健康体检者的尿儿茶酚胺和VMA水平.结果 嗜铬细胞瘤患者的肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和VMA水平明显高于健康体检者(P＜0.01),60例嗜铬细胞瘤患者中尿儿茶酚胺升高的有41例(68.3%),VMA升高的有45例(75.0%).结论 用高效液相-电化学法同时测定肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和VMA,大大提高了嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断水平.     

职业性锰接触对工人尿锌水平的影响

目的预防工人职业性锰中毒,寻找锰中毒早期预警指标。方法对148名职业性锰接触工人和100名对照人员进行了尿锰、尿锌水平的检测。结果锰暴露组人群与对照组尿锰差异无统计学意义(t=0.195,P0.05;尿锌暴露组显著低于对照组,分别为(2.08±0.48)和(3.21±0.64)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(t=15.15,P0.01);而尿锌浓度随尿锰浓度升高而降低,呈负相关(P0.01)。结论过量锰可能影响人体内锌的正常代谢,尿锌浓度的检测对于锰中毒的早期诊断具有参考意义。     

发锰、尿锰意义初探

李小明(乐山冶金机械轧辊厂医院)报道: 以本厂锰作业工人为研究对象,对发猛、尿锰的临床意义及尿锰的排泄规律进行了初步探讨,结果如下: 一、晨尿与全日尿锰含量间,无显著性差异(P>0.5),且二者相关关系显著(P<0.0005);同一人连续七天晨尿锰经方差分析,无显著性差异(MS处理相似文献   

铝熔铸作业工人神经行为功能的研究

为探讨铝对作业工人神经系统的影响，寻找对铝作业工人健康监护的早期指标，对３６名铝熔铸作业工人（车间空气中铝尘和铝浓度分别为１．６５ｍｇ／ｍ３和０．２５ｍｇ／ｍ３（ＴＷＡ））和４０名对照工人，应用ＷＨＯ－ＮＣＴＢ进行了神经行为功能测定；同时测定了尿铝、尿中高香草酸（ＨＶＡ）和香草扁桃酸（ＶＭＡ）的含量。结果发现：铝接触工人注意力、手的运动协调能力、视感知记忆力下降，反应时的标准差和最慢反应时间延长（Ｐ＝０．００２５，Ｐ＝０．００６６），提转捷度测试得分降低（Ｐ＝０．０２６），数字译码和Ｂｅｎ－ｔｏｎ视觉保留测试得分降低（Ｐ＝０．０２３，Ｐ＝０．００３）。分层分析发现：后３项分测试得分随接触时间延长而降低，铝作业工人尿ＶＭＡ和尿铝含量高于对照组。提示：铝可能对作业工人的神经系统产生影响。神经行为测试和尿ＶＭＡ测定可用于检测铝的不良效应     

无铅汽油对神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢产物的影响

目的 探讨职业性无铅汽油接触以对神经功能和单胺类神经递质代谢的影响。方法 应用WHO推荐的神经行为检测组合（NCTB）对92名汽油作业工人和88名对照工人进行神经行为测试,同时用高效液相色谱法－电化学法联检测定其尿中高香草酸（HVA）和香草扁桃酸（VMA）的浓度。结果 接触组明显存在忧郁－沮丧的不良情绪状态,简单反应时慢于对照组,数字跨度、提转捷度、数字译码和目标追中学踪得分明显低于对照组,且行为功能得分随浓度的增高而降低;汽油接触工人尿中HVA和VMA浓度均降低。结论 提示职业性低浓度接触无铅汽油油可影响神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢。     

933例涉锰企业职工体检结果分析

目的 探讨锰暴露对人体血液及造血系统、心血管系统及神经系统的损害并分析尿锰作为机体损害效应标志物的意义。 方法 对广西靖西县12家涉锰企业职工体检结果进行分析,比较不同性别、接害工龄组神经系统、心血管系统、血液系统相关指标的差异,分析尿锰与各系统损害效应指标的相关性。 结果 本次调查共包含933例涉锰作业工人。男性收缩压、舒张压的异常检出率高于女性(χ2=15.26、8.63,P < 0.01);女性血红蛋白含量、血小板计数及尿锰含量异常率高于男性(χ2=7.58、5.49、22.79,P < 0.05或0.01);女性神经症状检出率是男性的12倍(χ2=27.15,P < 0.01)。男性血小板含量异常检出率随接害工龄增加而增加(r=0.32,P < 0.05);男女两性尿锰异常检出率与接害工龄均不相关(男:r=-0.24,P=0.60;女:r=0.20,P=0.80)。尿锰含量与收缩压、舒张压、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞计数、血小板均无统计学关联,不同尿锰组间神经症状检出率亦无统计学意义。 结论 提示锰暴露后对神经系统损害及铁代谢的影响在男女两性间可能存在差异,长期锰暴露对男性血小板计数产生影响,尿锰并不能反映体内锰的蓄积,且不能作为机体损害的效应标志物。     

Homovanillic acid (HVA) and manganese in urine of workers exposed in a ferromanganese alloy plant

Forty workers occupationally exposed to manganese in a ferromanganese alloy plant and twenty-five controls were investigated in order to assess the validity of urinary homovanillic acid (HVA) as a potential indicator of early effects of manganese intoxication. None of the exposed workers showed signs and symptoms of typical manganese intoxication, but most of them reported subjective symptoms which may be related to a prodromic phase of manganism. Urinary HVA levels were not significantly different among the groups under study. On the other hand, mean urinary manganese levels were higher in the exposed group (compared with the controls). A negative correlation between urinary HVA and duration of exposure to manganese was found.     

Neurochemical effect of lead exposure: a study on catecholamine metabolism

In an attempt to examine the neurochemical changes of lead exposure, a study was conducted on 106 lead workers and a control group of 25 nonexposed workers. The urinary excretion of major catecholamine metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA), and vanillylmandellic acid (VMA) were measured. Workers exposed to lead had a mean blood lead concentration of 43.2 micrograms/100 ml, whereas the concentration for workers not exposed to lead was 12.7 micrograms/100 ml. Urinary HVA was significantly elevated in the exposed group when compared with controls (p less than 0.01). HVA was also found to be associated with an increase of lead in blood. Although not statistically significant, the VMA excretion was also noted to be moderately elevated; however, it is recognized that the present study was unable to establish a highly significant dose-response relationship between lead exposure and HVA excretion, as has been reported earlier in lead-poisoned children.     

铝对神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢的影响

目的评价职业性铝接触对神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢的影响。方法对３３名铝作业工人和４０名对照工人进行研究。作业环境空气铝的测定用原子吸收仪，尿中高香草酸和香草扁桃酸及血清和尿铝的测定用高效液相色谱仪，神经行为功能测试采用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为核心测试组合。结果作业环境铝的时间加权几何平均浓度为０．９５ｍｇ／ｍ３（０．３１～４．１２ｍｇ／ｍ３），铝作业工人尿铝平均水平显著高于对照工人（分别为１２．２５μｇ／Ｌ和５．７８μｇ／Ｌ），但血清铝水平与对照工人差异未见显著性；铝作业工人尿中的高香草酸和香草扁桃酸水平均较高，且香草扁桃酸水平显著高于对照工人；神经行为功能测试发现，接触工人的手提转捷度、数字译码和视觉保留测试项目得分与对照工人比较差异有显著性。结论提示职业性低浓度接触铝可影响神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢。     

Studies on some biochemical parameters in human manganese exposure.

Biochemical studies were carried out in 35 male workers exposed to low concentrations of manganese in a ferromanganese alloy plant and in 24 workers not occupationally exposed (control group). Adenosine deaminase, total and HDL cholesterol in plasma, inorganic phosphate, calcium and urea in plasma and urine and 17-ketosteroids in urine, as well as urinary manganese were determined in order to assess their validity as early diagnostic measures in Mn intoxication. Significant increases in plasma inorganic phosphates, HDL cholesterol, urinary calcium, plasma and urinary manganese were found in the exposed while the other parameters remained unchanged.     

The effects of exposure to aluminium on neurobehavioural function and dopaminergic metabolism

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exposure to aluminium (Al) on neurobehavioural function and dopaminergic metabolism among 33 exposed workers compared to 40 controls. The parameters measured included concentrations of Al in air, serum Al and urine Al. WHO Neurobehavioural Core Test Battery was used to measure the neurobehavioural functions. Homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillymandellic acid (VMA), two end products of catecholamine metabolism were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Determinations of Al in serum and urine were carried out using precolumn lumogallion reaction HPLC technique. The geometric mean of the airborne concentration of inhalable Al dust was 1.90 mg/m3 (range 0.62-8.24 mg/m³). The mean concentration of Al in urine was significantly higher in the exposed workers than the controls (12.25 ± 6.04 vs 5.78 ± 3.10 ug/l), but no statistical difference was observed for serum Al (1.68 ± 0.63 vs 1.31 ± 0.40 mug/l); suggesting that urinary Al is a better biomarker for Al exposure. The neurobehavioural evaluation showed that there were significant differences for Santa Ana tests, digit symbol and Benton test, implying that the manual dexterity, eye-hand coordination and memory were poorer in the Al-exposed workers. The data also showed that both of the catecholamine metabolites were higher in the exposed group, especially urinary VMA (p < 0.01). These data reflect that exposure to Al could interfere with the dopaminergic metabolism and neurocognitive function.