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1.
Background
Attachment-related anxiety and avoidance are potentially important aspects of pain experience and management, but have not been investigated in episodic headache sufferers or in relation to experimentally-evoked headache.Objective
To determine whether adult insecure attachment styles were associated with sensitivity to pain or headache before, during or after stressful mental arithmetic in an episodic migraine or tension-type headache (T-TH) sample.Methods
Thirty-eight participants with episodic migraine, 28 with episodic T-TH and 20 headache-free participants intermittently received a mild electric shock to the forehead before, during and after stressful mental arithmetic.Results
A preoccupied attachment style and attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance, were associated with forehead pain and the intensity of headache before and after, but not during stressful mental arithmetic. These relationships were independent of Five Factor Model personality traits. Neither attachment anxiety nor avoidance was associated with episodic migraine or T-TH.Conclusions
Anxiously attached individuals may express greater pain or show a stronger attentional bias toward painful sensations than securely attached individuals. However, distraction during psychological stress may override this attentional bias. 相似文献2.
Marij A. Hillen Hanneke C.J.M. de Haes Lukas J.A. Stalpers Jean H.G. Klinkenbijl Eric-Hans Eddes Mathilde G.E. Verdam Ellen M.A. Smets 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
Cancer patients need to trust their oncologist. How the oncologist communicates probably contributes to patients' trust. Yet, patient characteristics such as their attachment style and health locus of control may influence how such communication is perceived. We examined how these personality characteristics influence trust as well as moderate the relation between oncologist communication and trust.Methods
Eight videotaped scenarios of an oncologic consultation were created. Oncologist communication was systematically varied regarding their expressed competence, honesty and caring. Cancer patients (n = 345) were randomly assigned to view the videos and report their trust in the observed oncologist. Patients' self-reported attachment style, health locus of control and trust in their own oncologist were assessed.Results
Patients with a stronger external health locus of control trusted the observed oncologist more (p < .001). Neither attachment avoidance nor attachment anxiety was related to trust in the observed oncologist. However, attachment avoidance moderated the positive effect of the oncologists' communication of caring and honesty on trust: avoidant attachment significantly diminished the effect (p < .011 and p < .044, respectively). High attachment avoidance (p = .003) and attachment anxiety (p < .001) were related to weaker trust in patients' own oncologist.Discussion
Patients' attachment avoidance may hamper their trust in their own, but not necessarily in a newly observed, oncologist. As expected, patients' attachment style influences how oncologist communication influences trust, underscoring the importance of oncologists tailoring their communication to individual patients. We confirmed observational findings that patients convinced that others control their health trust their oncologist more than others. 相似文献3.
Tomofumi Nishikawa Tetsuya Ueba Masahiro Kawashima Motohiro Kajiwara Ryoichi Iwata Motokazu Kato Naomi Miyamatsu Kohsuke Yamashita 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2010
Purpose
Those who have brain metastases smaller than 30 mm in diameter and less than 5 in number can be treated less invasively with radiosurgery. This retrospective study evaluated the optimal brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) follow-up interval for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to detect radiosurgically manageable metachronous brain metastases (MBM).Patients and methods
The records of 551 patients with primary NSCLC, treated in our institute between 2002 and 2007, were reviewed. The initial brain MRI was performed within one month after diagnosis of NSCLC, and the follow-up brain MRI interval was at the discretion of physicians. The interval between the last MRI in which brain metastases were not found and the first MRI in which brain metastases were found was defined as the critical MRIs interval (CMI). The relationship between CMI and the maximum size or number of MBM was evaluated.Results
Among reviewed patients, the initial MRI of 38 patients showed brain metastases and 29 patients were diagnosed as MBM. In these MBM patients, the median interval from diagnosis of NSCLC to diagnosis of brain metastases was 8.9 months. The median CMI was 4.7 (range: 1.6–18.9) months. All brain metastases smaller than 30 mm in maximum diameter were found when CMI was shorter than 6.0 months, although 5 or more brain metastases in number were detected even by shorter CMI than 3 months.Conclusion
Early detection of MBM by biannual MRI follow-up may provide NSCLC patients with more opportunities to have less invasive treatment. 相似文献4.
Tara Kidd Lydia Poole Elizabeth Leigh Amy Ronaldson Marjan Jahangiri Andrew Steptoe 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
The mechanisms underlying the association between adult attachment and health are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, inflammation, and length of hospital stay in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery patients.Method
167 CABG patients completed an attachment questionnaire prior to surgery, and blood samples were taken before and after surgery to assess inflammatory activity.Results
We found that attachment anxiety predicted higher plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentration, and this association was mediated by self-reported sleep quality. Anxious attachment also predicted longer hospital stays following CABG surgery, even after controlling for demographic and clinical factors.Conclusion
These data suggest that increased levels of IL-6 may be a process linking adult attachment anxiety with health outcomes. 相似文献5.
Richa Dawar Andrew J. FabianoJingxin Qiu Nikhil I. Khushalani 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2013
Objective
To describe a unique case of secondary gliosarcoma (SGS) with widespread extra-cranial metastases that developed more than 5 years after the initial diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This interval is the longest among the cases reported to date.Methods
A PUBMED search using the key words “secondary gliosarcoma” and “extra-cranial metastases” was performed followed by a review of cited literature.Results
Including our report, we found 44 cases of SGS, of which only 5 developed extra-cranial metastases.Conclusion
SGS with extra-cranial metastases is extremely rare. Of previously reported cases, the longest survival was 2 months after the diagnosis of SGS. The present case had a survival of 6.5 months. Our case highlights the importance of screening for extra-cranial metastases in SGS. The optimal treatment of SGS is not known and strategies based on GBM and sarcoma treatments have been employed with limited success. A combination of treatment modalities may extend survival as in the present report; however the prognosis remains poor. 相似文献6.
Heather E. Gunn Wendy M. Troxel Martica H. Hall Daniel J. Buysse 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
The interpersonal environment is strongly linked to sleep. However, little is known about interpersonal distress and its association with sleep. We examined the associations among interpersonal distress, objective and subjective sleep in people with and without insomnia.Methods
Participants in this cross-sectional observational study included men and women with insomnia (n = 28) and good sleeper controls (n = 38). Interpersonal distress was measured with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Sleep parameters included insomnia severity, self-reported presleep arousal, and sleep quality; and polysomnographically-assessed sleep latency (SL), total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), percent delta (stage 3 + 4 NREM), percent REM, and EEG beta power. Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess the relationship between distress from interpersonal problems and sleep and the extent to which relationships differed among insomnia patients and controls.Results
More interpersonal distress was associated with more self-reported arousal and higher percentage of REM. More interpersonal distress was associated with greater insomnia severity and more cognitive presleep arousal for individuals with insomnia, but not for controls. Contrary to expectations, interpersonal distress was associated with shorter sleep latency in the insomnia group. Results were attenuated, but still significant, after adjusting for depression symptoms.Conclusion
Distress from interpersonal problems is associated with greater self-reported arousal and higher percent REM. Individuals with insomnia who report more distress from interpersonal problems have greater insomnia severity and cognitive presleep arousal, perhaps due to rumination. These findings extend our knowledge of the association between interpersonal stressors and sleep. Assessment and consideration of interpersonal distress could provide a novel target for insomnia treatment. 相似文献7.
Background
This study evaluates whether the difference in Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 item (TAS-20) between patients with major depression (MD), panic disorder (PD), eating disorders (ED), and substance use disorders (SUD) and healthy controls persisted after controlling for the severity of anxiety and depression.Methods
Thirty-eight patients with MD, 58 with PD, 52 with ED, and 30 with SUD and 78 healthy controls (C) completed the TAS-20, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (Ham-A), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D).Results
The differences in TAS-20 scores observed between patient groups, regardless of the type of their disorders, and controls disappeared after controlling for the effect of anxiety and depression severity. In contrast, the differences in severity of anxiety and depression between patients and controls were still present, after excluding the effect of alexithymic levels.Conclusions
Our data suggest that alexithymic levels, as measured by the TAS-20, are modulated by the severity of symptoms, supporting the view that alexithymia can represent a state phenomenon in patients with MD, PD, ED and SUD, because the TAS-20 seems overly sensitive to a general distress syndrome, and it is more likely to measure negative affects rather than alexithymia itself. 相似文献8.
Sharon Manne Shannon Myers Melissa Ozga David Kissane Debby Kashy Stephen Rubin Carolyn Heckman Norm Rosenblum 《General hospital psychiatry》2014
Objective
Little attention has been paid to the role of holding back sharing concerns in the psychological adaptation of women newly diagnosed with gynecological cancers. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the role of holding back concerns in psychosocial adjustment and quality of life, as well as a possible moderating role for emotional expressivity and perceived unsupportive responses from family and friends.Method
Two hundred forty-four women diagnosed with gynecological cancer in the past 8 months completed measures of holding back, dispositional emotional expressivity, perceived unsupportive responses from family and friends, cancer-specific distress, depressive symptoms and quality of life.Results
Emotional expressivity moderated the association between holding back and cancer-specific distress and quality of life, but not depressive symptoms. Greater holding back was more strongly associated with higher levels of cancer-related distress among women who were more emotionally expressive than among women who were less expressive. Perceived unsupportive responses did not moderate the associations between holding back and psychosocial outcomes.Conclusion
Holding back sharing concerns was more common in this patient population than other cancer populations. Dispositional expressivity played a role in how harmful holding back concerns was for women, while unsupportive responses from family and friends did not. 相似文献9.
Ching-Ju Chiu Yu-Hsuan Tseng Yu-Ching Hsu Shang-Te Wu 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2017,52(7):829-836
Purpose
This study identified depressive symptom trajectories in the years after diabetes diagnosis, examined factors that predict the probability for people following a specific trajectory, and investigated how the trajectories are associated with subsequent disability.Methods
We drew data from a nationally representative survey in Taiwan to identify adults aged 50 and older diagnosed with diabetes; 487 patients newly diagnosed with diabetes during 1996–2007 were included. Time axis was set to zero when diabetes was first reported in any given wave in the survey, and data related to depressive symptoms after that were recorded. We used group-based semi-parametric mixture models to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms and multinomial logistic regressions to examine factors associated with the trajectories.Results
Older adults with newly diagnosis of diabetes in Taiwan follow different trajectories of depressive symptoms over time. Being female, lower educated, not married/partnered, with lower self-rated health, hospitalizations, more limitations in physical function, less regular exercise before diagnosis, and not regularly using anti-diabetic medication at the beginning of their diagnosis were factors associated with increasing or high stable depressive symptom trajectories. Those who experienced high depressive symptoms were more likely than individuals with stable depressive symptoms to have physical limitations in the last follow-up interview.Conclusions
Depressive symptom trajectories after diabetes diagnosis were associated with select sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors before diagnosis, and also predicted subsequent disability. Risk groups identified in the present study may be used for personalized diabetes care that prevents diabetes-related distress and future disability.10.
Yangkun Chen Xiangyan Chen Vincent C.T. Mok Wynnie W.M. Lam Ka Sing Wong Wai Kwong Tang 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2009
Objectives
Small subcortical infarcts (SSIs) can result from small vessel disease (SVD) and intracranial and extracranial large artery disease (LAD). No study has explored poststroke depression (PSD) in different etiological types of SSIs.Methods
Patients with SSIs resulting from LAD and SVD were included in the study. Poststroke depression was evaluated with the 15-item version of the geriatric depression scale (GDS) 3 months after stroke.Results
Of the 127 patients with SSIs, 44 had LAD and 83 had SVD. The LAD group had a significantly higher mean GDS score and higher frequency of PSD (p < 0.05). The etiological type LAD was a significant independent risk factor for PSD.Conclusion
PSD is more common in patients with SSIs resulting from LAD. This suggests that cerebral blood perfusion may play an important role in the development of PSD. 相似文献11.
Hezel DM Riemann BC McNally RJ 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2012,43(4):981-987
Background and objectives
Physical pain can reduce emotional distress, perhaps especially the psychic pain of guilt. This implies that people who continually experience guilt may exhibit greater tolerance for pain relative to people who do not.Methods
To test this hypothesis, we administered a pressure algometer procedure to assess pain tolerance in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) plagued by moral obsessions (e.g., concerns about harming others, violating religious values), in patients with OCD with non-moral obsessions (e.g., regarding contamination and symmetry), and in healthy comparison subjects.Results
The results indicated that the OCD groups did not differ in levels of guilt, emotional distress tolerance, or in pain endurance. However, when we collapsed across subtypes, OCD subjects endured pain significantly longer than did healthy subjects.Limitations
Limitations included small sample size and use of a sample with complex OCD symptoms that were, in some instances, difficult to categorize.Conclusions
The results suggest that individuals with severe OCD might be willing to endure physical pain as a distraction from emotional distress, an expression of negative self-worth, or as a means to gain control over some aspect of suffering. 相似文献12.
von Sarnowski B Kleist-Welch Guerra W Kohlmann T Moock J Khaw AV Kessler C Schminke U Schroeder HW 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2012,114(6):627-633
Background
Although randomized clinical trials have reported significant improvement in mortality and functional outcome as measured with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) or Barthel index (BI) in stroke patients with space-occupying anterior circulation infarctions treated with hemicraniectomy, many clinicians are still concerned about the long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Aim
Assessment of HRQoL after hemicraniectomy to holistically reevaluate clinical outcome.Methods
Eleven patients (6 men, 5 women; mean age 48 (SD 5.8) years) were examined at 9–51 months after hemicraniectomy. Test batteries comprised NIH stroke scale, BI, mRS, neuropsychological tests (Visual Object and Space Perception Battery and clock test), and HRQoL-scales (Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Questions on Life Satisfaction, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and EQ-5D).Results
Median values for NIHSS, BI and mRS were 11.5, 55 and 3.5. In HRQoL-scales, subscales related to physical mobility and functioning were consistently severely impaired, while subscales related to psychological well-being were impaired to a lesser extent. Mean scores for physical functioning and physical role were 10.5 and 12.5 in the SF-36, and 61.3 and 43.3 for physical mobility and energy in the NHP; emotional role and mental health scored 63.3 and 66.4 (SF-36), scores for emotional reaction and social isolation were 18.9 and 16.0 (NHP), respectively.Conclusion
Although, physical components of HRQoL are highly impaired, these stroke patients achieved a satisfying level of psychological well-being which was endorsed by a nearly unanimous retrospective appraisal of life-saving hemicraniectomy. 相似文献13.
Friedrich Martin Wurst Isabella Kunz Gregory Skipper Manfred Wolfersdorf Karl H. Beine Rüdiger Vogel Sandra Müller Sylvie Petitjean Natasha Thon 《General hospital psychiatry》2013
Objectives
To test the robustness of the findings of previous studies in a large aggregated sample regarding (a) the impact of a patient's suicide on therapist's distress; (b) identify a potential subgroup of therapists needing special postvention; (c) and assess potential differences in overall distress between professional groups and at different levels of care.Methods
A questionnaire, characterizing the therapists, their reactions and the patients, had been sent out to 201 psychiatric hospitals in Germany providing different levels of care. Aggregated data from previous studies have been used.Results
In 39.6% of all cases, therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients' suicide. The global item “overall distress” can be used as an indicator to identify a subgroup of therapists that might need individualized postvention. No significant difference in overall distress experienced was observed between professional groups and at different levels of care.Conclusion
Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analogue scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific, individualized and intensified help could be provided to these professionals, helping them to overcome distress and thereby ensuring delivery of high quality care to the patient. 相似文献14.
Paulina J.M. Bank C. E. Peper Johan Marinus Peter J. Beek Jacobus J. van Hilten 《Clinical neurophysiology》2013,124(10):2025-2035
Objective
Motor abnormalities in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) are common and often characterized by a restricted active range of motion (AROM) and an increased resistance to passive movements, whereby the affected body part preferably adopts an abnormal posture. The objective of the present study was to obtain a better understanding of the factors that are associated with these abnormal postures and limitations of the AROM, and to investigate whether these motor impairments reflect dystonia.Methods
We evaluated characteristics of surface EMG of the flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis muscles during active maintenance of various flexion–extension postures of the wrist of the affected and unaffected side in 15 chronic CRPS patients, and in 15 healthy controls.Results
Deviant joint postures in chronic CRPS – at least in those patients with some range of active movement – were not characterized by sustained muscle contractions, and limitations of the AROM were not attributable to excessive co-contraction. Rather, the agonistic muscle and its antagonist were activated in normal proportions, albeit over a limited range.Conclusions
The AROM limitations and abnormal postures that are often observed in chronic CRPS patients are not associated with excessive muscle activity and hence do not exhibit the characteristics typical of dystonia.Significance
We hypothesize that structural alterations in skeletal muscle tissue and pain-induced adaptations of motor function may contribute to the observed motor impairments. Our findings may have important clinical implications, since commonly prescribed treatments are aimed at reducing excessive muscle contraction. 相似文献15.
C. Peca R. Pacelli A. Elefante M.L. Del Basso De Caro P. Vergara G. Mariniello A. Giamundo F. Maiuri 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2009
Objectives
This study investigates the diagnosis and management of patients with resected brain glioblastomas who presented early clinical and neuroradiological worsening after the completion of the Stupp protocol. Its aim is to discuss the occurrence of early radionecrosis.Methods
Fifty patients with brain glioblastoma treated by surgical resection and Stupp protocol were reviewed; 15 among them (30%) had early clinical and neuroradiological worsening at the 6-month follow-up. The MR spectroscopy and surgical findings of these patients are reviewed.Results
MR spectroscopy was in favour of tumour recurrence in 14 among 15 patients and showed radionecrosis in one. Among 10 patients who were reoperated on, 7 had histologically verified tumour recurrence or regrowth, whereas in 3 histopathology showed necrosis without evidence of tumour. The 7 patients with tumour progression had prevalence of focal neuroradiological signs (6/7) and a survival of 7.5–12 months (median survival 10 months). The 4 patients with early radionecrosis (including one patient who was not reoperated on) had clinical worsening with mental deterioration, confusion and ataxia, and MR spectroscopy positive for tumour recurrence in 3. Three were alive 24–30 months after the end of the radiotherapy, whereas one died at 40 months.Conclusion
Early radionecrosis after the Stupp protocol is not a rare event due to the radiosensitization effect of temozolomide. This phenomenon may predict a durable response to radiotherapy. MR spectroscopy may simulate tumour recurrence. A correct diagnosis is necessary to avoid useless reoperations and incorrect withdrawal of temozolomide. 相似文献16.
Keith Owen Yeates H. Gerry Taylor Jerome Rusin Barbara Bangert Ann Dietrich Kathryn Nuss Martha Wright 《International journal of developmental neuroscience》2012
Study aim
This study sought to determine whether premorbid child and family functioning accounts for or moderates group differences in post-concussive symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood.Methods
This prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruited 8- to 15-year-old children, 186 with mild TBI and 99 with orthopedic injuries (OI), from consecutive emergency department admissions. Parents and children rated post-concussive symptoms within 3 weeks of injury and at 1, 3, and 12 months post injury. Parents also provided retrospective ratings of pre-injury symptoms, as well as of premorbid child behavioral adjustment, overall family functioning, and other stressors and resources in the family environment.Results
Children with mild TBI reported more post-concussive symptoms than those with OI, as did their parents, although premorbid child behavioral adjustment and symptoms also were significant predictors of post-concussive symptoms. Group differences in somatic symptoms as reported by parents were more pronounced among children from families that were higher functioning and had more environmental resources.Discussion
Mild TBI during childhood results in more post-concussive symptoms than OI, even after children's premorbid adjustment is taken into account. Counter to expectations, post-concussive symptoms following mild TBI may actually be more apparent among children from higher-functioning families with greater resources. 相似文献17.
Objective
Bodily distress syndrome (BDS) was recently introduced as an empirically based, unifying diagnosis for so-called medically unexplained symptoms and syndromes. BDS relies on a specific symptom pattern rather than on a lack of objective findings, which may increase the risk of overlooking physical disease. We investigated whether physical disease was missed in the first patients diagnosed with BDS.Method
The study was a register-based follow-up study of 120 patients diagnosed with BDS at a University Clinic from 2005 to 2007. Median follow-up time was 3.7 years. We used data containing all diagnoses from inpatient, outpatient and emergency admissions supplied by systematic review of hospital records. Medical specialists evaluated all cases of suspected overlooked physical disease.Results
According to registered diagnoses, none of the 120 patients had been misdiagnosed with BDS. In five cases [4.2% (95% confidence interval: 1.4–9.5)] though, we found comorbid medical problems that had not been taken properly care of alongside BDS management. These were disc protrusion, degeneration and prolapsus, hip osteoarthritis, anemia and calcific tendinitis.Conclusion
The BDS symptom pattern reliably identified patients with multiple medically unexplained symptoms referred to tertiary care. Nevertheless, differential diagnostics remains important in order to identify comorbid medical problems that require additional treatment. 相似文献18.
Zhang X Sun J Shen M Shou X Qiu H Qiao N Zhang N Li S Wang Y Zhao Y 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2012,114(7):957-961
Objective
This study aimed to better determine the salient signs and symptoms for diagnosis of a pituitary abscess as well as the determination of the most appropriate treatment.Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed using clinical presentations, imaging features, diagnosis and treatment of 29 patients with pituitary abscess in our hospital.Results
We made the correct diagnosis of pituitary abscess before surgery only in 2 cases (13.3%) out of 15 patients between January 2004 and January 2008. While 12 cases (85.7%) out of 14 patients were correctly diagnosed before surgery between January 2008 and June 2010. All of the patients underwent transnasal–transsphenoidal surgery assisted by the microscope or endoscope. The antibiotic therapy and hormonal replacement were routinely administrated. The postoperative courses were uneventful and all symptoms of the patients were gradually improved one week to six months after surgery. None of the 29 cases were recurrent during the follow-up.Conclusion
With the increased clinical experience, the correct diagnosis rate of pituitary abscess before surgery has been greatly improved in recent three years. The microsurgical drainage, proper antibiotics and hormonal replacement are the keys to the treatment of pituitary abscess. 相似文献19.
Cella M Vellante M Preti A 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2012,43(3):897-900
Background and objectives
Paranormal beliefs and Psychotic-like Experiences (PLE) are phenotypically similar and can occur in individuals with psychosis but also in the general population; however the relationship of these experiences for psychosis risk is largely unclear. This study investigates the association of PLE and paranormal beliefs with psychological distress.Methods
Five hundred and three young adults completed measures of paranormal beliefs (Beliefs in the Paranormal Scale), psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire), delusion (Peters et al. Delusions Inventory), and hallucination (Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale) proneness.Results
The frequency and intensity of PLE was higher in believers in the paranormal compared to non-believers, however psychological distress levels were comparable. Regression findings confirmed that paranormal beliefs were predicted by delusion and hallucination-proneness but not psychological distress.Limitations
The use of a cross-sectional design in a specific young adult population makes the findings exploratory and in need of replication with longitudinal studies.Conclusions
The predictive value of paranormal beliefs and experiences for psychosis may be limited; appraisal or the belief emotional salience rather than the belief per se may be more relevant risk factors to predict psychotic risk. 相似文献20.