山莨菪碱对缺血再灌注损伤心肌膜脂质中主要脂肪酸含量影响…

麻醉大鼠心肌缺血１５ｍｉｎ，再灌１０ｍｉｎ，再灌前１ｍｉｎ分别静注山莨菪碱３．０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１和 ５．０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１、生理盐水１．０ｍｌ．ｋｇ＾－１，ＳＯＤ７５Ｕ．ｋｇ＾－１，然后取出心脏，用气相色谱法测定心肌膜脂质中主要脂肪酸含量。实验证明在缺血再注损伤肌膜脂质中，主要不饱和脂肪酸含量明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ａｎｉ能阻止其降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ａｎｉ与ＳＯＤ有类似作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

山莨菪碱对缺血再灌注损伤心肌膜脂质中主要脂肪酸含量影响的研究

麻醉大鼠心肌缺血１５ｍｉｎ，再灌１０ｍｉｎ，再灌前１ｍｉｎ分别静注山莨菪碱（Ａｎｉ）３．０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣－１和５．０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣－１、生理盐水（ＮＳ）１．０ｍｌ·ｋｇ￣－１、ＳＯＤ７５Ｕ·ｋｇ￣－１，然后取出心脏，用气相色谱法测定心肌膜脂质中主要脂肪酸含量。实验证明在缺血再灌注损伤心肌膜脂质中，主要不饱和脂肪酸含量明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０ｌ），Ａｎｉ能阻止其降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ａｎｉ与ＳＯＤ有类似作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

缺血性脑卒中超急性期动脉内灌注尿激酶速率的动物实验研究

目的：研究兔缺血性脑卒中超急性期动脉内灌注尿激酶进行溶栓治疗的最佳速率范围。材料与方法：３０只新西兰兔分成５组，均于颈内动脉内注入由全血加凝血酶制成的新鲜血栓混悬液０．２ｍｌ。在动物脑血栓模型建立１～２小时内进行颈内动脉尿激酶灌注溶栓，剂量为４万单位／公斤体重，浓度为８０００单位／亳升。５个实验组的注射速率为Ａ组：０．０１ｍｌ／ｓ；Ｂ组：０．０２ｍｌ／ｓ；Ｃ组：０．０４ｍｌ／ｓ；Ｄ组：０．１０ｍｌ／ｓ；Ｅ组：０．５０ｍｌ／ｓ。溶栓前后分别行血管造影，溶栓术后２４小时行病理检查。结果：５组溶通率分别为Ａ组：０．０％；Ｂ组：８３．３％；Ｃ组：１００．０％；Ｄ组：８３．３％；Ｅ组：０．０％。Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ组的溶通率与Ａ、Ｅ组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０２５），Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ组之间的溶通率无显著性差异。结论：兔脑血栓形成超急性期动脉内灌注尿激酶进行溶栓治疗的有效速率范围为１６０～８００Ｕ／ｓ，以３２０Ｕ／ｓ左右的注射速率为最佳。     

白细胞介素—1受体拮抗剂对抗心肌缺血—再灌注性损伤的实验研究

用白细胞介素－１受体拮抗剂（ＩＬ－１ｒａ）注入大鼠心肌缺血－再灌注模型体内，以了解该拮抗剂对再灌注心肌是否具有保护作用。大鼠冠脉结扎６０ｍｉｎ后放松再灌注，再灌注同时静脉给予ＩＬ－１ｒａ １０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重，３ｍｉｎ内注入，在其后的再灌注５７ｍｉｎ内，再以５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的ＩＬ－１ｒａ静脉均匀滴注。结果显示用药组较未用药组心梗面积明显缩小（Ｐ〈０．００１）；反映心肌粒细胞浸润指标的髓过氧化物酶（Ｍ     

尿激酶经静脉内给药治疗急性心肌梗塞34例

尿激酶经静脉内给药治疗急性心肌梗塞３４例赵毅哈尔滨市第３医院循环内科１５００６６尿激酶（Ｕｋ）经静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）３４例。年龄在３７—７０岁。从症状开始至用药均在６小时以内。３４例中有２５例经治疗后冠脉再通，９例未通，再通率为７３．５...     

HL-329抑制大鼠硬脑膜内神经原性血浆蛋白渗出

电刺激三叉神经节或静脉注射辣椒素造成大鼠硬脑膜内血浆蛋白渗出，取下双侧硬脑膜称重并测量其放射性。分别于刺激前４０ｍｉｎ腹腔注射ＨＬ－３２９１０、２０、４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ或相同容量溶剂，观察它们的作用。结果显示电刺激增加了刺激侧硬脑膜内血浆蛋白渗出〔（２１．５０±１．４５）～（３７．８５±３．１９）ｃｐｍ／ｍｇ，Ｐ＜０．０１〕，刺激侧与非刺激侧的比值为１．７６±０．１０。ＨＬ－３２９１０，２０，４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ分别减少其比值到１．５３±０．１４（Ｐ＜０．０５），１．４３±０．０３（Ｐ＜０．０１），１．２０±０．１５（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＨＬ－３２９明显减少了电刺激和辣椒素造成的大鼠硬脑膜内血浆蛋白渗出。证明ＨＬ－３２９是一潜在的抗偏头痛药物     

急性缺血性脑卒中尿激酶治疗剂量的动物实验研究

目的研究兔缺血性脑卒中起病后２４小时内经动脉灌注尿激酶治疗时，治疗时间与最小有效溶栓剂量之间的关系。方法２４只新西兰兔制成缺血性脑卒中模型，并分成四组（Ａ～Ｄ组），分别于起病后１、６、１２、２４小时行动脉内灌注尿激酶溶栓治疗，尿激酶注射速率为３２０Ｕ／ｓ，采用分割剂量，分段造影方法。各组随机抽取２只行病理学检查。以自身对照排除血栓自溶。结果（１）各组溶通率之间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。（２）起病后２４小时内溶栓所需的单位体重最小有效剂量随起病时间延长呈幂函数递增。实验所得的实际分布与理论分布重合很好。（３）病理检查证实：Ａ组未见梗死灶及出血灶；Ｂ组未见梗死灶，但１只脑干有小出血灶；Ｃ组和Ｄ组溶通者见小梗死灶，未见出血灶，未溶通者见大片梗死灶。结论（１）３２０Ｕ／ｓ的尿激酶动脉内灌注速率完全适用于兔缺血性脑卒中模型起病后２４小时内的选择性动脉内溶栓治疗。（２）兔缺血性脑卒中模型起病后２４小时内溶栓时间（Ｔ）与溶栓所需的最小有效剂量（Ｄ）之间存在幂函数关系，函数方程为Ｄ＝ＫＴ，其中Ｋ为一常数，数值近似等于４１３９．９６。     

经导管小剂量溶栓治疗动脉闭塞性疾患

目的 探讨血管内溶栓治疗急慢性动脉阻塞的疗效和价值。方法 ２３例患者中,男２０例女３例,年龄４－６５岁,血管造影证实国动脉阻塞（骼,股等）后,经导管借助微量泵输入国产尿激酶（１０万单位／小时）。结果 急性阻塞患者６例,病程０．５小时至３天,血管全部再通,尿激酶用量人平均为６０万单位,慢性病程血管总再通率６５％（１１／１７）,其中长期缺血,病程在２年内者１２例,再通率９２％（１１／１２）,尿激酶用量     

ApoE基因敲除鼠12周游泳运动前后纤溶激活功能的改变

目的：探讨ＡｐｏＥ在长期有氧运动中影响纤溶激活作用中的有关机制。方法：以ＡｐｏＥ基因敲除（ＡｐｏＥ－／－）鼠为实验组、以相同遗传背景的Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ鼠为对照组建立运动模型。结果：１２周游泳后，对照组鼠ＴＧ（０．９６±０．３０ｖｓ０．５４±０．０７０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＰＡＩ（０．９２±０．０７ｖｓ０．８０±０．０９ＡＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５）降低，ｔＰＡ升高（０．６０±０．１２ｖｓ１．０４±０．２３ＩＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＡｐｏＥ－／－鼠的ＴＧ（１．２８±０．３４ｖｓ１．２９±０．３２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＞０．０５）和ＰＡＩ（０．７４±０．１０ｖｓ０．７９±０．０４ＡＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＞０．０５）均没有显著变化，ｔＰＡ（０．７１±０．１５ｖｓ０．９７±０．１７ＩＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）升高。结论：长期有氧运动使对照小鼠纤溶激活作用明显改善，其机制与ＴＧ和含ＡｐｏＥ脂蛋白水平降低导致ＬＲＰ清除ｔＰＡ－ＰＡＩ作用加强、ＰＡＩ抑制作用减弱及ｔＰＡ合成水平增加有关。Ａｐ ｏＥ－／－鼠运动后，ＰＡＩ水平稳定而ｔＰＡ活性增加，提示ｔＰＡ合成作用增强。     

烟碱诱发大鼠体温下降形成耐受的时间与剂量依赖性

烟碱急性给药（２．０，３．５和５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）诱发大鼠体温下降具有剂量依赖性。美加明（１．０和５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）可部分拮抗烟碱的体温下降作用，而六甲溴胺（５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）不表现拮抗活性。烟碱（２．０，３．５和５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）每日一次，连续１２ｄ给药，随着时间。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.