浙江残疾人生存质量状况调查

目的:调查了解浙江省各类残疾人的生存质量状况。方法:对浙江省6个地区的18个县市的1340例精神、听力、视力、肢体残疾人的生存质量调查结果进行分析。结果:1浙江省残疾人生存质量量表的8个分量表分都明显低于四川正常人群(t=-18.72~-40.45,P均0.001),精神、听力、视力、肢体残疾人生存质量量表的8个分量表分也都明显低于四川正常人群(t=-10.25~-30.47,P均0.001);2方差分析结果表明,4组残疾人的社会功能量表分无显著差异(F=0.886,P0.05),而生存质量量表其他7个分量表分都存在显著差异(F=3.192~37.583,P0.05);3在4类残疾人中精神残疾有5个生存质量量表分处于最低水平,而肢体残疾人有2个量表分处于最低水平。结论:精神、听力、视力、肢体残疾人的生存质量都明显差于正常人。因此,不论是何种残疾,只要是残疾,都会给残疾人的生活、工作、学习、个人发展造成不同程度困惑和干扰,会使生存质量遭到损害。     

世界卫生组织残疾人生存质量量表一般残疾版本中文版的信效度

目的:检验世界卫生组织残疾人生存质量量表一般残疾版本(WHOQOL-DIS Scales for PD)中文版的可接受性、信度和效度,以便用于中国残疾人的生存质量的研究。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,从广州市抽取一般残疾人(除智力残疾的其他残疾人)807名。间隔1周后,对自愿进行重复调查的109人进行重测。对量表进行可接受性、信度和效度检验,并以生活满意度量表(SWLS)为校标。结果:量表回收率为99.2%,除了性生活满意度条目缺失率为35.7%,其余条目的缺失率均小于5.0%。量表5个领域的Cronbachα系数为0.77～0.84;间隔1周后重测ICC为0.82～0.91。量表条目与所属领域得分的秩相关系数为0.30～0.84,高于与其他领域的相关性;验证性因子分析显示量表的拟合较好(χ2=2405.57,df=569,RM SEA=0.06,GFI=0.85,CFI=0.87);量表5个领域得分与SWLS得分呈正相关(r=0.15～0.45,均P0.05)。结论:世界卫生组织残疾人生存质量量表一般残疾版本中文版具有较好的可接受性、信度和效度,可用于中国残疾人生存质量的研究。     

浙江省视力和听力残疾人群生存质量调查

目的:调查浙江省视力残疾和听力残疾人群生存质量,并对其影响因素进行分析,同时探索生存质量与一般健康状况的关系。方法:采用问卷法对767名视力残疾人和听力残疾人进行入户式调查。结果:视力残疾人生存质量得分为(63.71±20.06),听力残疾人生存质量得分为(67.11±20.00);生存质量总分在年龄和残疾类别上具有显著的统计学意义(P0.05);生存质量与一般健康状况得分呈显著负相关(r=-0.658,P0.01);多元素逐步回归分析结果显示,影响残疾人生存质量的因素有年龄、残疾等级和残疾类别。结论:视力残疾人和听力残疾人的生活质量相对较低,且其一般健康状况普遍较差,年龄、残疾等级和残疾类别等对生存质量有一定影响。     

HIV感染者/AIDS病人生存质量现状及相关因素研究

目的了解HIV感染者/AIDS病人生存质量的现状并分析其相关因素。方法应用世界卫生组织生存质量量表（WHOQOL-BREFF）中文版评价HIV感染者及AIDS病人的生存质量,同时调查可能影响生存质量的人口学特征、HIV感染有关情况和社会支持等。采用t检验、方差分析进行单因素分析,多元线性回归模型分析生理、心理、社会关系及环境4大领域的影响因素。结果 112例HIV感染者/AIDS病人生存质量4大领域平均得分分别为：生理领域（60.5±16.2）分、心理领域（51.8±17.5）分、社会关系领域（58.1±19.3）分,环境领域（47.5±15.6）分。各维度得分均低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。主观支持得分越高,HIV感染者/AIDS病人生存质量4个领域得分就越高;静脉吸毒途径感染的HIV感染者/AIDS病人生理领域总分低于性途径感染者;有工作/学习的HIV感染者/AIDS病人生理和心理领域得分高于无业者;对支持利用度高者,其心理领域得分也高;在环境领域得分中,患者文化程度越高,其得分越高。结论应加强失业、文化程度低、抗病毒治疗患者、静脉注射感染者以及社会支持差者的心理健康辅导,以提高其生存质量。     

被关锁精神分裂症患者人口学特征及救治前后的生存质量

目的了解被关锁农村精神分裂症患者人口学特征及解锁前后患者的生存质量。方法采用解锁患者信息采集表及世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表（WHOQOL—BREF）调查2006年11月q012年3月河北省开展的“解锁救治”专项工作解救的84例农村精神分裂症患者,并比较解锁前后患者的生存质量。结果解锁患者多为男性（88．1％）,男女比例为7．4：1,文化程度低,病程较长（平均15．79年）,婚姻以未婚及离异为主（86．9％）,主要依靠父母供养（72．6％）,33．3％的患者·有精神病家族史,付款方式合作医疗76例（90．5％）,自费8例（9．5％）。目前有23．8％的患者被再次关锁。完成WHOQOL—BREF量表评定的患者,解锁前后在生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域、总的健康状况、总的生存质量方面,t分别为-7．14、-6．86、．5．23、-5．54、-6．45及-8．00,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论解锁治疗能够改善患者的生存质量,需要整个社会的参与,以提高患者的社会支持状况。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者生存质量与压力的相关性研究

目的描述慢性乙型肝炎患者的生存质量和压力、健康危险性压力发生率的总体情况,并探讨慢性乙肝患者的生存质量与压力的相关性。方法采用横断面调查和方便抽样方法,应用中文版世界卫生组织生存质量量表简表（WHOQOL-BREF）、慢性肝病问卷（CLDQ）和中文版知觉心理压力量表（CPSS）调查162名慢性乙肝患者（观察组）,并与108名正常人（对照组）进行比较。结果观察组在WHOQOL-BREF的生理领域、心理领域和社会关系领域的得分较对照组低（P〈0.01）。观察组的压力和健康危险性压力发生率在CPSS的得分较对照组高（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。观察组的生存质量在WHOQOL-BREF的4个领域和CLDQ的6个维度的得分均与压力呈显著负相关（P〈0.01）。结论慢性乙肝患者的生存质量较差,压力和健康危险性压力发生率较高;慢性乙肝患者的生存质量与压力呈负相关。     

残疾孩子家长状态焦虑与生存质量状况

目的研究残疾孩子家长状态焦虑与生存质量的影响因素。方法对西安市残疾孩子家长进行状态焦虑与生存质量问卷调查。结果①教育程度不同的家长在状态焦虑水平方面的差异性显著(F=-2.12,P=0.039),性别、自评影响程度差异对孩子家长的状态焦虑无统计学意义(F=0.48,P=0.601);②性别、受教育程度对孩子家长的生存质量无统计学意义,自评影响程度在环境领域、社会关系领域、心理领域、生理领域差异显著(F=13.13,P=0;F=8.048,P=0.001;F=7.006,P=0.002;F=7.242,P=0.001)。结论残疾孩子家长整体的状态焦虑水平较高,生存质量水平较低且自评影响程度是残疾孩子家长状态焦虑、生存质量水平的一个重要影响因素。     

影响高校高血压老人生存质量的心理社会因素分析

目的探讨影响高校高血压老人生存质量的心理社会因素。方法以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、家庭功能评定量表（FAD）、应付方式问卷、生活事件量表（LES）和世界卫生组织生存质量量表简表（WHOQOL-BREF）对131例高校高血压老人进行评定。结果生理、心理领域评分与睡眠质量、负性生活事件呈负相关；社会关系领域评分与家庭功能呈负相关；环境领域评分与负性生活事件呈负相关。结论高校高血压老人的生存质量与睡眠、负性生活事件、家庭功能密切相关。     

城市无障碍设施(盲道)应用状况的调查及分析

文题释义： 无障碍设施：以提高残障人士的社会生活质量,确保有需求的人能够安全地、方便地使用为目的的各种设施。 盲道：在人行道上或其他场所铺设的一种固定形态的地面砖,视障者可产生盲杖触觉及脚感,引导视障者前行和辨别方向的通道。 背景：国内城市无障碍设施不完善,但是视障者对无障碍设施的需求较为急迫。 目的：通过调研石家庄城市无障碍设施(以盲道为例)的应用状况,以了解民众对于城市无障碍设施的认知、存在问题,并提出针对性改善建议。 方法：以问卷调查方式,在河北省石家庄市随机抽选118名普通市民和51名环卫工人,进行盲道认知情况调查,同时对60名视障者进行盲道使用情况调查。 结果与结论：多数市民、环卫工人和视障者对盲道有一定了解,但民众对盲道的知晓率依然较低,仍有7%的普通市民和18%的环卫工人对盲道完全不了解;视障者出行率极低,仅38%的视障者可经常出行;50%以上市民和视障者认为盲道没有起到实际作用,仅19%的市民对盲道的监管、维护、保养工作较满意率,56%的视障者认为盲道没有实际作用,42%的视障者表示其出行范围多以家为中在1 km以内。提示民众知晓率低、盲道利用率低,建议从加强宣传与培训、对视障者行康复训练、加强建设与维护三方面着手,才能更好地保障残疾人生存权益,促进其回归社会,提高其生活质量。 ORCID: 0000-0002-3784-3867(苟波) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

高考复读生生存质量及其影响因素研究

目的了解高考复读生的生存质量状况及其影响因素。方法采用世界卫生组织生存质量简表(WHOQOL-BREF)对280名高考复读生进行调查。结果高考复读生生存质量自评总分为(78.31±11.79),在心理、社会和环境各领域的得分均高于大学生(t=6.860,4.006,7.477,P0.001)。女生在社会领域得分上高于男生(t=-3.311,P=0.001);有高考明确目标的学生在心理领域得分上高于无明确高考目标的学生(t=-3.919,P0.001);因自身愿望而复读的学生在心理领域得分上高于因外界原因而复读的学生(t=2.792,P=0.006);是否独生子女和文理分科不同的复读生在生存质量各领域得分上均无显著差异。相关分析显示,高考复读生生存质量及各领域得分与其对目前学习的满意程度(r=0.192～0.453,P0.01)、对目前生活的满意程度(r=0.167～0.296,P0.01)存在显著的相关;回归分析显示,高考复读生对目前学习、生活满意程度,父、母亲文化程度和家庭经济状况是影响生存质量及各领域得分的重要因素。结论高考复读生的生存质量较好,有关的人口社会学因素对其生存质量有一定影响。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964