阻塞性黄疸:PTC下胆管钳夹活检的技术方法学研究

目的探索切实可行的胆管病理学检查新途径.资料与方法连续92例阻塞性黄疸患者接受经皮肝穿刺胆管造影(PTC)和经皮肝穿胆管引流(PTCD)治疗.PTCD过程中,影像监测下经皮经肝胆管穿刺,向胆管内引入活检钳对梗阻段钳夹活检,行组织病理学检查.统计学分析用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率计算法,以α=0.05作为检验水准.结果 92例钳夹活检患者90例成功获得组织块,技术成功率97.83%(90/92).钳夹活检敏感性为88.04%,63例胆管癌性恶性肿瘤钳夹活检敏感性较25例非胆管癌性恶性肿瘤高(93.65%比72.00%,P＜0.05).结论PTC下胆管钳夹活检操作简单,创伤小,敏感性高,是一种值得推广的胆管病理学诊断新途径.     

阻塞性黄疸:经皮穿刺胆道造影下胆道钳夹活检与毛刷活检对比研究

目的 比较胆道钳夹与毛刷活检的诊断敏感率，探索胆道疾病病理学检查新途径。方法 连续92例阻塞性黄疸接受经皮肝穿胆道造影(PTC)和经皮肝穿胆道引流(PFCD)治疗。PFCD过程中，影像监测下经皮经肝胆道穿刺，向胆道内引入活检钳和毛刷对梗阻段钳夹和毛刷活检，行组织病理学和细胞检查。结果92例钳夹活检患者90例成功获得组织块，技术成功率97．8％(90／92)。钳夹活检敏感率较毛刷活检敏感率高(88．0％比76．2％，X^2=4．251，P=0．039)。结论 PTC下胆道钳夹活检操作简单，创伤小，敏感度高，是一种值得推广的胆道病理学诊断新途径，毛刷活检在胆管癌的诊断方面也具有较高的应用价值。     

经皮肝穿刺胆道造影术下胆管活检的临床研究

目的　探索经皮肝穿刺胆道造影术 (PTC)下胆道活检的可行性和敏感性。方法　 31例阻塞性黄疸患者 ,在行经皮经肝穿刺胆道内外引流术 (PTCD)中 ,进行PTC下胆道活检。通过经皮经肝胆道穿刺通道向胆道内送入 8F鞘 ,活检钳经鞘内送入并对病变狭窄段行胆道钳夹活检 ,获取多个标本 ,行组织病理学检查。结果　 31例患者 30例获得组织病理学诊断 (敏感性 96 .8% )。结论　PTC下胆道活检是一种简单易行、准确可靠的获取组织学病理检查途径     

透视下经皮经肾输尿管内钳夹活检诊断输尿管梗阻

目的评估透视下经皮经肾输尿管内钳夹活检诊断输尿管梗阻病变的可行性和安全性。方法 2011年7月至2019年7月,29例输尿管梗阻患者在透视引导下,采用经皮经肾途径开通闭塞段,并经导丝建立9 F鞘管通道,经鞘引入活检钳和活检毛刷对梗阻段病变取样活检,比较两种方法获得的病理结果。结果 29例输尿管经皮经肾输尿管钳夹活检中均顺利取材,技术成功率100%,27例获得组织学诊断,病理阳性率93.1%;28例毛刷活检中19例获得细胞学诊断,病理阳性率67.9%。钳夹活检灵敏度较毛刷刷检阳性率高(χ2=6.73,P<0.05),未发生大出血、输尿管穿孔、破裂、感染等严重并发症。结论经皮经肾输尿管内钳夹活检,操作简单,创伤小,并发症少,敏感性高,值得临床推广。     

经皮肝穿刺胆道内钳夹活检诊断恶性阻塞性黄疸胆肠吻合术后吻合口狭窄

目的探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道造影(PTC)术中胆道钳夹活检诊断恶性阻塞性黄疸胆肠吻合术后吻合口狭窄的可行性和优越性,获取病变部位的组织病理学,指导临床治疗。资料与方法 PTC术中引入活检钳对18例恶性阻塞性黄疸胆肠吻合术后复发黄疸患者于梗阻部位活检,判断狭窄的良恶性,采取相应的减黄措施并观察其疗效。结果全部病例PTC造影显示梗阻部位均位于胆肠吻合口处,行钳夹活检,技术成功率100%,敏感性为94.4%(17/18),其中14例钳夹到肿瘤组织,证实为肿瘤复发;3例病理为纤维组织增生和(或)炎症,结合影像学及实验室检查,考虑瘢痕性狭窄;另1例钳夹阴性,但影像学、实验室检查及术后随访证实为肿瘤复发。所有患者钳夹术中均未出现消化道出血、穿孔等并发症。活检术后行内外引流管和(或)内支架置入,术后患者黄疸消退明显(P<0.05),精神状态及生活质量较术前均有不同程度改善。结论 (1)PTC术中胆道钳夹活检诊断胆管癌术后胆肠吻合口狭窄操作简单,安全,敏感性高;(2)采取介入方法降黄效果明显,操作简单,并发症少。     

恶性阻塞性黄疸PTC胆管活检病理学与PTC影像学特征对照研究

目的评价经皮肝穿刺胆管造影术(PTC)与PTC胆管活检对阻塞性黄疸的诊断价值和临床意义.资料与方法回顾性分析资料完整并接受PTCD和胆管内支架置入治疗及PTC胆管活检的连续76例阻塞性黄疸病例,比较PTC胆管活检与PTC影像学特征的关系及并发症的发生情况.结果 PTC胆管活检对恶性病变定性诊断的阳性率低于PTC间接诊断的阳性率,差异具有显著性意义(χ2=10.178,P=0.001＜0.05),但PTC胆管活检对组织学定性诊断的阳性率与PTC间接诊断的阳性率比较,差异无显著性意义(χ2=2.533,P=0.111＞0.05).PTC胆管重度扩张者的胆管活检阳性率高于胆管中度和轻度扩张者的阳性率,差异具有显著性意义(H=7.991,P=0.018＜0.05),PTC胆管活检阳性率与PTC阻塞形态和部位无关.结论 PTC胆管造影是PTC胆管活检的基础,二者应相互结合,相互补充,共同提高PTC胆管活检的阳性率.     

胃癌术后阻塞性黄疸钳夹活检病理学及介入治疗疗效研究

目的探讨胃癌术后阻塞性黄疸钳夹活检病理学及介入治疗的疗效。方法分析21例胃癌术后阻塞性黄疸患者的临床资料,右侧腋中线经皮经肝穿刺入路20例,剑突下左侧胆道穿刺入路1例,21例患者均成功施行了胆道引流术,其中18例打通胆道阻塞段后施行了胆道钳夹活检,介入术前1天血清胆红素与术后3天、1周、2周胆红素水平进行重复测量数据的方差分析。结果 18例胆道钳夹活检病理学诊断为高分化腺癌3例,中分化腺癌2例,低分化腺癌8例,慢性炎症并纤维组织增生5例;引流术前血清胆红素与术后3天、1周、2周胆红素水平比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后显著下降。结论胃癌术后阻塞性黄疸患者钳夹活检病理学对患者的病情、预后判断及后期治疗提供了依据;经皮经肝穿刺胆道引流术疗效显著,可显著缓解黄疸,改善肝功能,延长患者生存时间。     

阻塞性黄疸病理学诊断的现状与研究进展

阻塞性黄疸 (obstructivejaundice)是由于肝内毛细胆管、小胆管、肝胆管或胆总管的机械性狭窄或闭塞所致的一组常见疾病。由于病灶小 ,位置深 ,起病隐匿 ,缺乏特异性症状 ,患者以阻塞性黄疸就诊时已达晚期 ,手术难以切除 ,无法取得病理诊断 ,单凭影像学难以作出正确的病因和病理诊断[1] 。经皮肝穿刺胆道造影 (PTC)从 2 0世纪 70年代初期开始即广泛应用于临床 ,对阻塞性黄疸的大体定位诊断具有一定价值 ,但定性诊断价值有限 ,难以反映阻塞性黄疸真实的组织病理学。随着介入放射学的发展 ,在超声 (US)、CT导向下经皮穿刺细针抽吸活检 (FNAB) ,使该病的病理诊断阳性率得以提高 ,但并不尽如人意 ,PTC下胆管活检才使该病病理诊断实现了质的飞跃 ,解决了这一长期困扰临床的难题。现扼要综述关于阻塞性黄疸病理学诊断技术发展及其研究进展情况。1　阻塞性黄疸病因阻塞性黄疸是由肝内外胆管狭窄或闭塞所致的一组常见疾病 ,是临床上经常遇到的一种征象。引起阻塞性黄疸的病因很多 ,有良恶性之分 ,病因良性者主要有胆管结石、胆管寄生虫症、胆管憩室、原发性硬化性胆管炎、急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎、慢性胆管炎、急...     

PTC及PTCD在阻塞性黄疸诊治中的应用

本文报告作者1980年9月至1989年2月间对75例阻塞性黄疸应用PTC及PTCD共96例次,PTC成功率92.3%,PTCD成功率93.2%。结果表明PTC及PTCD失败与黄疸指数<50u、肝内胆管不扩张、有胆道手术史及B超引导错误有关。成功的病例均为正确诊断提供了依据,与B超、ERCP、CT、及肝扫描结果对比分析,提示在阻塞性黄疸诊断检查中,除B超外应首选PTC。作者认为B超引导下PTCD成功的关键是:穿刺胆管的定位、穿刺方向的选择、引流管位置的调整。     

CT对阻塞性黄疸诊断及鉴别价值

目的：探讨阻塞性黄疸的CT征象及临床意义。方法：对128例阻塞性黄疸病例的CT表现进行分析。结果：128例阻塞性黄疸病例中先天性胆管囊肿2例，胆管结石43例，肝门区肝细胞型肝癌12例，转移瘤13例。胰头壶腹区肿瘤24例，胆管癌30例，胆管炎性狭窄4例，分别占1．6％、33．6％、9．4％、10．2％、18．8％、23．4％、3．1％。结论：CT对阻塞性黄疸病例可以了解胆管扩张程度、原因，给临床诊断和治疗提供有力依据。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.