64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管造影的临床应用

目的:探讨64层探测器CT冠状动脉造影的临床应用价值。方法:对116例临床拟诊冠心病者行64层CTCA检查,采用多种重建方法对原始数据进行重建,观察64层CT对冠状动脉的显示能力、起源、冠脉内斑块性质及管腔狭窄程度,分析影响冠状动脉图像质量的因素,并对桥血管和支架通畅性进行观察。结果:左冠状动脉主干及前降支重建的最佳时相为75%R-R时相,左回旋支及右冠状动脉为65%R-R时相。以75%的相位窗重建得到容积再现的图像为最佳。64层CTCA对冠状动脉1～3级分支和部分4级分支显示清晰,对变异血管及心肌显示较佳;对冠状动脉内斑块、冠脉狭窄显示较佳;对桥血管及支架通畅和有无再狭窄显示良好。结论:64层探测器CTCA可作为冠心病、壁冠状动脉、血管变异及心肌病变的筛选手段及对冠状动脉血运重建术后复查有很高的临床应用价值。     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的技术与应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(multislice spiral CT coromary angiography,MSCTCA)的成像技术和临床应用价值。方法:37例患者行MSCTCA检查,利用多种方法进行重建,分析影响冠状动脉图像质量的重要因素,MSCTCA对冠状动脉的显示能力,冠状动脉狭窄程度的评价,冠状动脉斑块性质的判断,冠状动脉的解剖变异,并了解桥血管和支架的通畅性。结果:容积再现图像最佳的显示相位窗为75%,左主干、左前降支重建的最佳相位为75%,右冠和左回旋支为50%~70%。MSCTCA能显示的管腔最小径1.5mm。对冠状动脉的解剖变异、冠状动脉狭窄的程度、斑块的性质及桥血管和内支架显示良好。结论:MSCTCA可作为冠心病介入治疗前的筛选,能能评价斑块的性质,在血运重建后的复查中也有很高的应用价值,并能提供冠状动脉其他病变的信息。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用探讨

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像技术的应用和临床价值。材料和方法：对32例（包括3例冠状动脉搭桥术后和1例冠状动脉成形术及支架置入术后病人）进行了MSCT冠状动脉成像检查，并进行CT图像重建后处理，重建出各主要血管，对冠状动脉搭桥术后的病人重建出桥血管及含支架血管。分析MSCT对冠状动脉的显示能力，并分析是否有管壁钙化和软性斑块，评价管腔狭窄及其程度。对桥血管和支架的显示及通畅性进行评价。结果：MSCT冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉近中段显示清晰，显示率达90％以上；对冠状动脉钙化和软性斑块显示良好，对冠状动脉狭窄显示较佳。7根搭桥血管其中有1根可见约75％-90％的狭窄，其余均通畅，支架显示良好。结论：MSCT冠状动脉成像可作为冠状动脉粥样硬化疾患筛选手段，对血管搭桥术和支架放置并进行术后评价有很高的价值。     

64层CT冠状动脉成像最佳重建时间窗的探讨

目的 :探讨不同心率及不同重建时相对64层CT冠状动脉血管成像图像质量的影响。方法:收集90例临床疑诊冠心病患者的冠状动脉CTA检查资料。按扫描时平均心率分组,对心动周期的R-R相位30%~90%间期,每间隔5%重建后进行血管分析及评分,获得回顾性心电门控最佳重建时相,并评价不同心率时的图像质量。结果:冠状动脉图像质量随心率增加而降低,两者呈负相关。心率70次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时间窗为R-R间期的70%~75%;心率70~79次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时相为R-R间期的60%~70%;心率80次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时相为R-R间期的40%~50%。左前降支在70%和75%R-R重建时相显示最佳,左回旋支在70%R-R时相显示最佳,而右冠状动脉在50%R-R时相显示最佳。结论 :选择最佳重建时相、合理控制心率能够减轻运动伪影,明显提高冠状动脉成像质量,其中准确选择回顾性心电门控最佳重建时相是保证图像质量、准确诊断的重要因素。     

重组相位窗对16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响

目的:探讨不同重组相位窗对16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像质量的影响。方法:对28例健康体检者采用回顾性心电门控的16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像,将其扫描原始数据分别按45%、55%、65%、70%、75%、85%R-R间期的不同相位的横断面进行重组。结果:左主干在6个R-R时相均显示良好;左前降支在70%R-R时相的重组图像质量最佳;左回旋支及右冠状动脉在75%R-R时相的重组图像质量最佳,整体图像在75%R-R时相的重组图像质量最佳。结论:重组相位窗对多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量有重要影响作用。     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT冠状动脉(简称冠脉)成像在冠心病诊断中的临床价值。方法:选取50例临床诊断或可疑冠心病患者行16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影检查(MSCTCA),先行冠脉钙化积分平扫,然后行冠脉增强扫描,选取一组质量最佳的薄层图像行冠脉三维重建,分析MSCTCA对冠状动脉狭窄性病变的显示能力,并对冠脉支架显示及通畅性进行评价。结果:冠脉钙化积分与其狭窄程度呈正相关,中度以上狭窄的冠脉钙化积分值明显高于轻度狭窄,其间有统计学显著性差异(P<0.001)。MSCTCA对诊断有临床意义的冠脉中度以上狭窄的敏感度、特异度、诊断准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别约89.6%、93.9%、92.6%、86.7%、95.4%。MSCTCA对冠脉支架显示良好,检出5例9根支架,其中2根支架不通畅,出现支架内再狭窄。结论:16层螺旋CT冠脉成像安全、无创,对评价冠状动脉狭窄、支架开放及通畅性等方面有着较高的临床应用价值,可作为冠心病筛查的有效手段以及介入和手术治疗后的随访手段。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用价值。方法:对120例临床拟诊为冠心病或已确诊的冠心病患者,行64层螺旋CT血管成像,对所有原始数据采用容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、曲面重建(CPR)进行图像后处理,显示冠状动脉主干及主要分支。结果:心率小于70次/min且平稳时冠状动脉成像质量最佳,可较准确显示冠状动脉通畅情况、冠状动脉斑块、狭窄程度及管壁病变。对于搭桥血管及支架植入是否通畅及是否再狭窄显示良好。结论:64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像无创、快速,对冠状动脉病变的筛选,桥血管及内支架术后疗效随访等有很大的应用价值。     

电子束CT血管三维重建技术与冠状动脉成像

目的　分析电子束CT(EBT)三维血管重建技术对冠状动脉及其狭窄的最佳显示方法。方法　对 40例分别行EBT冠状动脉增强扫描及常规冠状动脉造影 (CAG)的病例图像行回顾性三维重建。重建方法主要是最大密度投影法 (MIP)、曲面重建法(CPR)、多平面重组法 (MPR)及容积再现法 (VR)。所有三维重建图像由 2名不知CAG结果的医师按左主干、前降支、回旋支及右冠4支血管进行分析 (分支血管未包括在内 ) ,狭窄程度以 >5 0 %为标准与CAG结果对照。结果　MIP及CPR成像清晰 ,对 48支正常冠状动脉的评价准确率达 91.7%和 93 .8% ,对 5 9支狭窄 >5 0 %血管的评价准确率分别为 83 .1%和 88.1%。VR法重建立体效果好 ,但图像易造成正常血管狭窄的假象 ,48支正常血管中有 2 9支显示狭窄改变。对有狭窄血管的程度也较CAG夸大了约 10 %～3 0 %。MPR重建图像粗糙 ,无法评价冠状动脉。结论　MIP与CPR是显示冠状动脉及其狭窄的最佳三维重建方法 ,诊断准确性高 ,VR可作为补充显示方法 ,MPR可不采用     

不同重建技术在多排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影中的应用

目的　探讨不同重建技术在多排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影中的应用。方法　对 5 0例临床怀疑冠心病的患者采用西门子 16排螺旋CT行冠状动脉造影检查 ,应用容积再现漫游 (volumerenderingtechnique ,VRT) ,多平面重建 (multiplanarrecon struction ,MPR) ,曲面重建 (curvedplanarreconstruction ,CPR)和最大密度投影 (maximumintensityprojection ,MIP)等 4种技术重建。结果　冠状动脉钙化积分分析 ,冠状动脉有不同程度的钙化 19例 ;无钙化但有软斑块 4例 ;冠状动脉 1、2级分支显示率 10 0 %,3级以上分支显示为 60 %～ 80 %左右 ,4级分支显示 3 0 %～ 5 6%。有 3 0例 3 9支冠状动脉显示程度不同的狭窄 ,其中左主干病变 2支 ,左前降支及分支病变 2 0支 ,回旋支病变 9支 ,右冠状动脉病变 8支。VRT能够在三维立体空间内直观、形象、清楚地显示冠状动脉的形态分布走行情况以及在心脏表面的位置。CPR能显示各支冠状动脉从主动脉起始部到终末端的剖面情况 ,可清晰显示血管的最大直径内形态及管腔有无狭窄 ,以及狭窄段的长度。MPR以连续层面显示各支冠状动脉的节段性形态 ,可于监视器上以电影方式动态观察 ,可以获得冠状动脉各支的完整信息。MIP能显示冠状动脉各支类似于DSA血管的影像 ,可以显示钙化以及管腔形态。结论     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病中的临床应用

目的　评价多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影 (MSCTA)在冠心病中的应用价值。方法　对4 0例冠心病患者 (35例拟诊冠心病 ,5例冠状动脉支架或搭桥术后患者 )进行了心电门控螺旋CT(MSCT)增强扫描 ,所得数据传到工作站进行三维重建 ,并与冠状动脉造影结果相对照。结果　 4 0例患者中对 16 0支冠状动脉 (简称冠脉 )进行了MSCT三维重建 ,35例拟诊者中 4例MSCTA和DSA排除了冠脉疾病 ;31例 12 4支冠脉中 ,MSCTA对于显示近中段≥ 5 0 %的狭窄有一定的准确性 (敏感性 81 8% ,特异性 90 1% ) ,不能显示轻度狭窄病变、远端或细小分支病变 ;可以发现并判断粥样硬化斑块的类型 ,显示斑块的形态及引起狭窄的程度。钙化斑块特别是钙化范围广者可引起管腔轻度狭窄 (冠状动脉腔径狭窄 <5 0 % ) ,非钙化斑块则引起较明显的狭窄 (冠状动脉腔径狭窄≥ 5 0 % )。 4例冠状动脉支架和 1例冠状动脉搭桥术后均可清晰显示支架和血管桥的位置及远端血流情况。结论MSCTA是有效可靠的冠心病诊断方法 ,对病变血管管腔狭窄、粥样硬化斑块的评价有一定的应用价值。它作为一种非创伤性检查方法 ,可替代DSA用于易碎软斑块的早期检查。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.