应用内窥镜治疗伴有眼内异物的眼内炎

目的探讨应用眼内窥镜治疗屈光间质混浊的伴有眼内异物的眼内炎的效果。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象8例角膜混浊的伴有眼内异物的眼内炎患者。方法对上述患者应用内窥镜引导行患眼玻璃体切除术,同时行眼内异物取出,7例眼内充填硅油。术后随诊3～12个月,观察患眼的视力及眼内炎的转归。主要指标视力、房水闪光、视网膜情况。结果在内窥镜引导下所有患者均成功取出异物。随诊期内所有患者角膜水肿消失,前房积脓及房水闪光消失,玻璃体腔清亮透明,眼内炎症得到有效控制。6例视力提高(光感～0.2),其中2例矫正视力≥0.1,2例术前术后视力无变化。所有患者均未发现视网膜脱离。结论内窥镜的应用扩大了玻璃体切除术的适应范围,不受角膜混浊的限制,及时对伴有眼内异物的眼内炎患者行玻璃体切除治疗,且有助于发现显微镜不能窥清区域的异物和病变。(眼科,2007,16:354-356)     

眼内窥镜引导下彻底的玻璃体切割手术治疗伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎

目的 观察眼内窥镜引导下彻底的玻璃体切割术治疗伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎的临床特点。 方法 回顾分析我院行眼内窥镜引导下行彻底的玻璃体切割术的伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎连续20只眼的临床资料。其中，男18例，女2例。年龄5～79岁，平均年龄35.9岁。眼球穿通伤所致眼内炎16例，人工晶状体植入手术后眼内炎4例。手术前视力均≤数指，角膜均严重混浊。 手术中均制造玻璃体后脱离，尽量彻底切割虹膜前后渗出膜、基底部和睫状体平部的玻璃体以及睫状体膜。入院到手术治疗的时间中位数为1.5 d。手术后平均随访23个月。 结果 手术中取玻璃体样培养阳性者9例，占45%；6例取出眼内异物共7枚。手术中锯齿缘离断1处者2例，医源性视网膜裂孔1处和2处者各1例。手术后再次玻璃体内注药和玻璃体切割手术各2例。手术后视力≥0.05者10例，占50%。除1例视力下降低、3例视力无明显变化外，16例手术后视力有不同程度的提高，其中4例≥0.8。手术后11例角膜基本恢复清亮。9例硅油存留，其中2例眼压偏低，但均>5 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa ），1例高眼压，药物控制；局限性视网膜脱离和可疑视网膜脱离各1例，未再手术。9只硅油填充眼随访末期视力均≤数指，无硅油存留的11只眼中仅1只眼未达到0.05。无眼球丧失 。 结论 眼内窥镜引导下彻底的玻璃体切割手术为及时治疗伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎的安全、可靠的新选择。 （中华眼底病杂志，2008，24：202-205）     

内窥镜引导玻璃体视网膜手术治疗伴有角膜混浊的外伤性视网膜脱离

目的探讨眼内窥镜引导玻璃体视网膜手术治疗伴有角膜混浊的外伤性视网膜脱离的效果及安全性。方法 2010年8月至2011年6月我院13例(13眼)伴有角膜混浊的外伤性视网膜脱离患者,在眼内窥镜引导下行玻璃体切割、视网膜激光光凝术及玻璃体硅油或重硅油填充术,术后随访6～15个月,观察视力、眼压、眼前段及眼底视网膜复位情况。患者术前视力:无光感者2眼,光感者5眼,手动者3眼,数指者2眼,0.02～0.05者1眼。结果所有患者视网膜均平伏,裂孔均封闭。术中1眼玻璃体内发现术前未能诊断的非磁性异物(睫毛)。术后4眼早期眼压偏低,2眼一过性眼压增高,经观察或药物治疗后恢复正常。术后6个月最佳矫正视力:无光感者2眼,光感者2眼,手动者2眼,数指者5眼,0.02～0.20者2眼。结论眼内窥镜扩展了玻璃体切割术的适应范围,提高了对伴有角膜混浊的外伤性视网膜脱离,尤其是伴有周边部视网膜裂孔者,实施玻璃体视网膜手术的准确性和安全性。     

玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术治疗急性化脓性眼内炎

目的观察玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术治疗无视网膜脱离的严重急性化脓性眼内炎的疗效。方法回顾性分析15例行玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术的不伴有视网膜脱离的严重急性化脓性眼内炎的病例资料，观察术后的视功能、感染控制及再次手术情况。结果随访3～18月，15眼感染全部控制，1眼在硅油取出后发生视网膜脱离，其余14眼视网膜保持在位无需再次手术。与术前相比，13眼视力提高，1眼视力不变，1眼眼球萎缩。结论玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术能有效稳定视网膜功能，控制炎症，减少再次手术创伤。     

玻璃体切割术治疗眼内炎的临床分析

目的 探讨眼内炎的病因构成及玻璃体切割术治疗眼内炎的临床效果。 方法 对我院1999年1月～2001年12月收治的眼内炎患者53例54只眼进行回顾性分析，男38例，女15例，年龄1～74岁，平均年龄32岁。对2例（2只眼）炎症较轻的患者仅采用药物治疗，5例（5只眼）视力无光感，炎症反应重的患者行眼球内容物剜除术，其余46例（47只眼）均采用常规三通道玻璃体切割术。随访2～32个月,平均10.5个月。 结果 眼球穿通伤导致的眼内炎共32只眼，占59.26%。内源性眼内炎8只眼，占14.81%。与白内障手术相关的眼内炎共7 只眼，占12.96%，青光眼手术晚期滤泡感染2只眼，占3.70%。玻璃体切割术后3只眼，占5 .56%。放射状角膜切开术（radial keratotomy,RK）后1只眼，占1.85%。原因不明1只眼，占1.85%。经治疗后患者视力明显提高（P=0.003）。3 d内行玻璃体切割术患者的视力恢复明显高于3 d后的患者（P=0.014），7 d内行玻璃体切割术患者的视力恢复明显优于7 d后的患者（P=0.021）。功能成功（视力≥0.02）37只眼,占68.52%；解剖成功（视力＜0.02，眼球结构完整）47只眼,占87.04%，脱盲（视力≥0.05）27只眼, 占50.00%。 结论 眼球穿通伤，尤其是伴有眼内异物存留者是导致眼内炎的最主要原因，尽早行玻璃体切割术是治疗眼内炎的理想方法。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：93-95）     

滤过泡漏感染性眼内炎临床分析

目的探讨抗青光眼术后滤过泡漏致感染性眼内炎的原因、临床特点、手术方式及术后处理,以期提高其救治成功率。方法9例(9眼)中,8例行玻璃体切除联合异体巩膜修补、自体结膜瓣遮盖,其中3例在内窥镜引导下行玻璃体切除联合睫状突光凝术;1例保守治疗。对本组病例从病因学、手术方式、术后眼压控制等方面进行全面分析。结果9例眼内炎症均得到有效控制,其中7例术后眼压控制理想,2例2次行睫状体光凝术。6例保存了有用视力。结论玻璃体切除联合异体板层巩膜移植修补、自体结膜瓣遮盖、眼内注药及睫状体光凝是治疗滤过泡漏感染性眼内炎的有效方法。     

眼后段眼内异物行玻璃体手术摘出的临床观察

目的观察眼后段眼内异物行玻璃体手术摘出的临床效果。方法本组156例（156眼）。其中非磁性异物128眼,伴玻璃体积血浑浊96眼,外伤性白内障81眼,视网膜脱离69眼,异物被纤维包裹33眼,伴眼内炎5眼,视网膜下异物2眼。手术均采用经睫状体平坦部标准三通道切口。伴有晶状体浑浊者,先行晶状体摘出,再行玻璃体手术摘出眼内异物;伴有视网膜脱离者,在玻璃体手术摘出眼内异物后再行视网膜复位、眼内光凝术或气体或硅油填充。行I期或Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入或睫状沟缝合固定术。本组3眼因异物较大,而采用角膜缘隧道切口摘出。术后观察3—6个月。结果本组156眼均经玻璃体手术成功摘出眼内异物,伴视网膜脱离的69眼均复位,伴眼内炎的5眼均得以有效控制。术后视力与术前相比均有不同程度提高。结论玻璃体手术可以去除屈光间质浑浊,同时摘出眼内异物、治疗视网膜脱离及其他并发症。     

白内障超声乳化术后急性眼内炎分析

目的探讨白内障行晶状体超声乳化吸出术后眼内炎的发生、预防和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析8例（8眼）经临床和／或微生物检查证实为白内障术后眼内炎的临床资料。所有病例经临床诊断和房水、玻璃体涂片,并做细菌及真菌培养和药敏试验。结果8例中有6例房水及玻璃体微生物检查阳性（球菌5例,杆菌1例）。1例玻璃体腔注药病情控制;5例行玻璃体切除等手术联合注药,术中同时行人工晶状体摘出术者3例;1例行眼内容摘除术;1例保守治疗无效放弃治疗。治疗后视力2眼0．5,1眼0．2,3眼手动。术后随访6～24个月,随访到6例患者治疗前与治疗后视力呈正相关。结论白内障术后眼内炎及时有效的治疗可控制炎症,保留部分有用视力。     

玻璃体切除联合眼内异物摘出术的临床分析

目的 探讨玻璃体切除联合眼内异物摘出的手术时机和手术方法。方法 对经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除联合眼内异物摘出术30例（30眼）进行回顾性分析。结果 本组30例（30眼）眼内异物均一次手术摘出，其中27例采用经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除取出异物；1例锯齿缘附近磁性大异物，经玻璃体切割后，从巩膜切口用磁铁将异物吸出；1例锯齿缘巨大非磁性异物，行晶体摘除后经角膜缘切口取出。本组病例术后视力改善19眼（63．3％），无变化6眼（20％），视力下降5眼（16．7％）。早期视力下降的原因与术后角膜水肿，视网膜出血，玻璃体混浊、玻璃体腔内填充物等因素有关。术后有3例（3眼，1％）发生视网膜脱离，其中1例行巩膜扣带术＋玻璃体切除＋晶体切除＋冷凝＋注气术后治愈，1例放弃治疗；1例因眼球萎缩行眼球摘出。结论 对穿通伤口小且已自行闭合者、穿通伤口已缝合但角膜透明不影响观察者和有化脓性眼内炎征象者均应尽早手术。对于＜35岁晶体已混浊者，建议采取玻璃体切割切除晶体和眼内异物摘出同时进行，术中应尽量保留晶体前囊膜，以利于人工晶体植入。对位于周边部的非磁性异物，虹膜后粘连瞳孔无法扩大者建议术中切除晶体，以扩大视野有利于异物的寻找取出和病变玻璃体的切除。对巩膜裂伤伴球内异物存留的患者，建议玻璃体切除的同时行巩膜扣带术以降低视网膜脱离的风险。     

晶状体前段玻璃体切除术治疗复杂性眼外伤的临床观察

我院1993年2月～1995年12月应用国产玻璃体切割机配合进口一次性切割头行晶状体前段玻璃体切除治疗复杂性眼外伤14例，取得了较满意的临床效果，现分析如下：一般资料：本组14例，男12例，女2例。年龄最大45岁，最小2岁。其中眼内异物取出术后外伤性白内障伴视网膜脱离2例；外伤性眼内炎2例；角膜穿通伤修补术后复杂性外伤性白内障6例；继发性青光眼2例；眼钩挫伤晶状体玻璃体异位玻璃体积血2例。术前视力光感10例，年幼儿视力检查不合作3例，l例眼内炎视力无光感。手术方法：按内眼手术前常规准备，充分散瞳。眼内灌注液为眼用平衡液。眼内…     

白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后急性感染性眼内炎的临床观察

目的探讨白内障摘除联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术后急性感染性眼内炎的治疗策略。 方法收集2011至2017年广州爱尔眼科医院收治并诊断为白内障摘除联合IOL植入术后发生急性感染性眼内炎的9例患者的临床资料。其中,在广州爱尔眼科医院进行白内障手术后发生眼内炎的患者1例,在基层医院行白内障手术后发生眼内炎的转诊患者8例。查阅患者的视力、眼压、眼前节、眼部B超扫描等检查结果。对患者行玻璃体切除术(PPV),并依据患者的感染情况行IOL取出＋硅油填充术。手术中常规取前房液和玻璃体液进行细菌和真菌培养。 结果在9例患者中,糖尿病患者1例,高血压患者2例,其余无长期全身疾病。本文中所有患者发生急性感染性眼内炎的时间均在白内障手术后1～9 d,表现为术眼剧痛、视力急剧下降、结膜充血水肿、角膜不同程度水肿、房水混浊伴或不伴前房积脓及出现前房渗出膜等症状。眼部B超检查结果显示患者的玻璃体混浊,眼底窥不见。在9例急性感染性眼内炎患者中,有8例患者及时进行PPV治疗,1例患者由于角膜混浊未能进行完整的PPV;7例患者术前曾行前房冲洗及取材行病理涂片,6例患者于PPV前进行玻璃体腔内注射万古霉素;术后早期有3例患者取出IOL联合硅油填充术,其余6例患者保留IOL以及眼内注药,无填充硅油。9例患者中有7例患者术后视力较术前有所提高,其中最佳矫正视力在0.01～0.09的有2例,在0.1～0.3的有3例,在0.3～0.5的有2例,1例患者术后视力无提高,1例患者由于感染不能控制,进行眼内容物剜除术。 结论PPV是白内障摘除术后急性感染性眼内炎有效控制感染的治疗方法。对于角膜条件相对较好的眼内炎患者积极行PPV是保留患者视功能的关键。     

Endoscopy-assisted vitrectomy for treatment of severe endophthalmitis with retinal detachment

Summary statement

To decrease evisceration of eyes, endoscopy-assisted pars plana vitrectomy is a choice for patients with severe endophthalmitis accompanied with retinal detachment and corneal edema.

Purpose

To evaluate surgical outcomes using an intraocular videoendoscope for vitrectomy in patients with severe endophthalmitis with retinal detachment.

Methods

From December 2006 to August 2009, the medical records of 21 patients undergoing endoscopy-assisted vitrectomy for endophthalmitis with retinal detachment were studied. Only patients with ≥18 months follow-up were included.

Results

Intraocular infections were under control in 19 of the 21 patients. Postoperatively, the visual acuity of three of the patients ranged from 2/100 to 20/100 (14.3 %), two of the patients left with finger counting (9.5 %), eight had hand motion (38.1 %), six had light perception (28.6 %), and the other two had their eyes eviscerated (9.5 %) because of recurrent and uncontrollable infection.

Conclusions

In patients with severe endophthalmitis accompanied with retinal detachment and marked corneal opacity, it is appropriate to conduct endoscopy-assisted pars plana vitrectomy to decrease evisceration of eyes.     

玻璃体切割联合手术治疗严重眼外伤的临床观察

目的：探讨玻璃体切割联合手术治疗严重眼外伤的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院自2011-01以来收治的经玻璃体切割联合手术治疗的严重眼外伤患者30例31眼。结果：患者31眼中术后视力提高24眼,术前无光感12眼中术后视力不变2眼,光感2眼,手动3眼,指数4眼,1眼恢复为0.1;6眼球内异物的异物取出率为100%,炎症控制好;18眼复杂视网膜脱离,15眼成功复位,视网膜复位率为83%;14眼外伤性白内障或晶状体脱位,玻璃体手术后12眼行人工晶状体植入术,晶状体植入率为86%。结论：严重眼外伤包括术前无光感眼,经过恰当的玻璃体手术联合相应的治疗措施,可以最大限度保留患者的眼球及挽救患者的视功能。     

Penetrating keratoplasty surgery combined with vitrectomy after failing previous corneal surgery

PURPOSE: The preoperative and postoperative factors influencing visual outcome were analyzed in 15 eyes of 15 patients with graft opacity after keratoplasty associated with vitreoretinal disease who underwent combined surgery of fresh corneal retransplantation and vitrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data obtained consisted of diagnosis, preoperative visual acuity, corneal and vitreoretinal findings at the time of surgery, interval between the first visit and surgery, intraocular pressure before surgery, gonioscopic findings, results of bacterial culture of surgical specimens, surgical procedure for vitrectomy, corneal and vitreous findings after surgery, visual acuity 6 months after surgery, intraocular pressure after surgery, and additional surgical techniques. RESULTS: The cause of corneal opacity was graft rejection in all patients, who had been treated with high-dose administrations of steroids and cyclosporin. The preoperative diagnosis was proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in eight eyes and fungal endophthalmitis in seven eyes. Corneal transparency was achieved in 7 eyes (46.6%) 6 months after surgery. Vitreoretinal findings improved in 9 eyes (60%) and PVR recurred in 6 eyes (40%). Visual acuity improved in 7 eyes (46.6%), did not change in 2 eyes (13.3%), and deteriorated in 6 eyes (40%). The six eyes with decreased visual acuity developed phthisis bulbi. Preoperative intraocular pressure was 2.1 mmHg on average in the phthisis bulbi group, significantly lower than in the group with superior prognosis. Goniosynechia was noted before surgery and did not improve after surgery in all six eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome was poor in eyes with goniosynechia and ocular hypotony, and combined surgery is not indicated for either anatomic or visual preservation in such cases. Care should be taken not to overlook intraocular infection in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy against graft rejection. The early detection of retinal detachment is also important in eyes exhibiting hypotony after surgery.     

临时人工角膜用于严重眼外伤的眼前后段联合手术

目的评价临时人工角膜下眼前后段联合手术对严重眼外伤病变的治疗价值。方法对眼球穿通伤所致的眼球前后段严重的病变１８例（１８只眼）,按伤眼的适应证,施行临时人工角膜下的玻璃体切除、眼内异物取出术、视网膜复位术及相关各种眼内显微技术（视网膜前膜剥离、重水液下操作、眼内硅油填充、眼内电凝和眼内激光等）和穿透性角膜移植术或自体角膜片转位移植术,观察其术后的转归及恢复情况。结果所有术眼的眼球均得到了保留,１４只眼的视力较术前提高,其中５只眼的视力达到０．１以上,３／１０只眼术后再次出现视网膜脱离,２只眼出现角膜植片混浊,各有１只眼出现玻璃体混浊和继发性青光眼,其中１只眼与术前一样为眼球萎缩。结论临时人工角膜下的眼前后段联合手术是目前治疗严重眼外伤病变的唯一有效的方法     

Combined pars-plana-vitrectomy and tectonic keratoplasty; indications for and results from 15 patients

BACKGROUND: Acute endophthalmitis requires a vitrectomy. Vitrectomy and autokeratoplasty has been reported, if the infection originates from a stromal keratitis in an aphakic eye. This retrospective non-randomized cohort study points out the requirements, indications and results of combined keratoplasty and vitrectomy in keratitis and endophthalmitis compared with noninfectious corneal and vitreoretinal problems. PATIENTS AND SURGERY: In 1995-1999, a vitrectomy and keratoplasty was performed on 15 patients (16 eyes), 10 of these with an endophthalmitis (median 71 years) and a follow-up of 2-60 months (median 19.3 months). 14 of 15 patients had had multiple prior surgery. Stromal keratitis as a sequela of keratoplasty was seen in 5 eyes (3x ruptured suture), 5x diffuse infiltration in compromised corneas (1x with a perforation, 2x with Fuchs' corneal dystrophy, 3x postoperative). In the patients without endophthalmitis 6 eyes were aphakic with corneal scars and no fundus visualization. Five eyes had a retinal detachment, one had an intraocular foreign body. An allogeneic keratoplasty was done in 14, and an allogeneic sclerokeratoplasty and an autologous sclerokeratoplasty in one eye each. RESULTS: Keratoplasty without keratoprosthesis allowed for fundus visualization, and a pars plana vitrectomy was done with a wide angle contact lens, 8x with C2F6-, 1x with silicone oil 5000 cs instillation, and gentamicin and 15 micrograms r-tPA added. In 5 vitrectomy specimens (50%) pathogenic bacteria were found. No recurrences of infection were seen. Conservation of the eyes and postoperative fundus visualization was possible in each case. The postoperative increase in visual acuity of 0.1 or better was significant in both patient groups. 2 eyes remained at preoperative levels, 14 ameliorated by > 1 lines. Complications were 1x directly postoperative graft decompensation, 1x rejection after 40 months, 6x persisting secondary glaucomas, 2x hypotony syndromes, 1x with phthisis and enucleation, 1x epiretinal gliosis. CONCLUSIONS: Curative surgery of acute keratitis and endophthalmitis by vitrectomy and keratoplasty may result in similarly successful outcomes as in noninfectious corneal scars and vitreoretinal pathology, if some requirements (e.g. adequate antibiotic treatment, graft material, skilled anterior and posterior segment surgeon) are fulfilled.     

眼内炎病因学回顾性分析和玻璃体切割术的治疗作用

目的 探讨眼内炎的病因以及玻璃体切割术治疗眼内炎的临床疗效。方法 对我院2001年1月～2003年1月收治的眼内炎患者共46例48眼进行回顾性分析，男35例37眼，女11例11眼，年龄2～59岁，平均37．4岁。除2例患者因眼内炎症过重行眼内容物摘除术外，其余患者均行玻璃体切割术。随访4～28个月，平均15．1个月。结果 因眼球穿通伤所致眼内炎30例32眼，内源性眼内炎7例7眼，白内障术后6例6眼，玻璃体切割术后1例1眼。不明原因2例2眼。经玻璃体切割术后视力均有不同程度提高。结论 眼球穿通伤是眼内炎的最主要原因，及早行玻璃体切割术对取得较好疗效具有重要作用。     

Deep lamellar keratoplasty in severe ocular surface disease

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of deep lamellar keratoplasty(DLKP) in the treatment of corneal opacity in severe ocular surface disease. METHODS: A total of 12 eyes of 11 patients were analyzed in this retrospective case series. The original diseases were Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS : 3 eyes), ocular ciccatricial pemphigoid(OCP : 2 eyes), thermal burns (2 eyes), limbal deficiency due to unknown cause (2 eyes), and corneal scarring due to trachoma (3 eyes). Cases with total limbal deficiency (6 eyes) were also treated with secondary or simultaneous limbal transplantation. Cataract surgery was also performed in 4 eyes following DLKP. RESULTS: DLKP was successfully done in all cases. One case with SJS experienced an immunological rejection against the limbal graft. Two eyes with SJS eventually developed ulcers that required therapeutic penefrating keratoplasty. Visual improvement was observed in 9 out of 12 eyes, of which 2 cases maintained a corrected visual acuity of 0.1 despite conjunctivalization of the ocular surface. CONCLUSION: DLKP is an effective means to treat stromal opacity in patients with ocular surface disease.