超声乳化在青光眼滤过术后白内障的应用

目的:探讨超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗青光眼滤过术后白内障的临床效果。方法:对35例41眼抗青光眼滤过术后白内障采用颞侧透明角膜的白内障超声乳化吸出术联合折叠人工晶状体植入术,术后观察视力、并发症、眼压和滤过泡的改变。结果:白内障术后的视力均有不同程度的提高,术后随访1～2a,眼压、滤过泡无明显改变。结论:颞侧透明角膜白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗青光眼滤过术后白内障是安全有效的治疗方法。     

青光眼滤过术后白内障超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术

目的观察抗青光眼滤过术后的白内障患者行白内障超声乳化吸出及折叠人工晶状体植入术的手术疗效。方法对28例(30眼)抗青光眼滤过术后的白内障,采用避开滤过泡的角巩膜缘3mm隧道切口行白内障超声乳化吸出,植入折叠式人工晶状体,术后观察视力、并发症、眼压和滤过泡的改变。结果术后29眼均有不同程度的视力提高,视力≥0.5者70%。术后随访6～18月,眼压和滤过泡无改变。30眼均植入人工晶状体,术中1眼后囊膜破裂,术后角膜内皮水肿5眼,大部分在1周内消退。结论对青光眼滤过术后白内障,采用角膜缘3mm隧道切口行白内障超声乳化吸出及折叠人工晶状体植入术,术后效果好,并发症少,不影响眼压,手术安全可靠,既可提高视力,又可保持原有的抗青光眼滤过功能。     

改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠晶状体植入术临床应用观察

目的:观察改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术的临床效果和特点。方法:118例白内障患者的118只眼,随机分为2组:超声乳化白内障吸除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术手术组58只眼与改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术组60只眼。对比观察两种术式并发症及术后视力。结果:改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术与超声乳化白内障吸除术联合折叠人工晶状体植入术在白内障手术中的并发症、近远期术后视力比较,差异均无统计学意义,而改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术的手术成本低于超声乳化白内障吸除术,且学习曲线短。结论:改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术适合在基层医院的白内障治疗中推广。眼科学报2007;23:247-251.     

青光眼术后颞侧巩膜切口晶状体超声乳化术

目的探讨青光眼术后经颞侧巩膜切u的晶状体超声乳化手术的效果。方法对48例（54眼）青光跟术后的白内障施行经颞侧巩膜隧道式切口晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。结果54眼术后视力均有明显的提高。术后眼压在正常范围内，滤过泡无影响，无严重并发症。结论青光眼术后的白内障经颠侧巩膜隧道式切口行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术效果良好。     

青光眼术后白内障超声乳化吸出术的临床观察

目的　探讨抗青光眼滤过手术后白内障超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术的手术技巧及效果。方法　对行小梁切除术后白内障患者 82眼 ,采用经颞侧透明角膜切口行超声乳化吸出及折叠式人工晶状体植入术 ,术后随访 1～ 6月 ,平均 3月。结果　术后随访所有患者视力均较术前有所提高 ,其中视力≥ 0 5者 68眼占 82 93 % ,术后平均眼压为 (14 2 2± 2 5 1)mmHg(1mmHg =0 13 3kPa)。滤过泡无瘢痕化改变。结论　把握手术时机和适应证 ,具备娴熟的晶状体超声乳化手术技巧 ,经颞侧透明角膜切口行超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术 ,在抗青光眼滤过手术后白内障的治疗上能取得良好的效果。     

抗青光眼手术后的颞侧透明角膜切口的白内障超声乳化术

抗青光眼手术后并发白内障为临床白内障的特征类型之一，白内障超声乳化术是治疗抗青光眼术后白内障的有效方法。本文总结了我科自2000年4月～2004年7月对27例(27眼)抗青光眼术后的白内障患者行经颞侧透明角膜隧道式切口的白内障超声乳化吸除联合折叠式人工晶状体植人术的手术结果，现报告如下。     

青光眼术后颞侧透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化术

目的 探讨抗青光眼滤过术后进行白内障手术的方法和疗效评价。方法 对２６例（２７眼）小梁切除术后白内障患者，采用颞侧透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化摘出及人工晶状体植入术，术后随访半年。结果２７眼中２４限术后视力不同程度提高（８８．８９％），眼压（１３．１８±３．７２）ｍｍＨｇ。结论 对抗青光眼滤过术后白内障患者采用颞侧透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化摘出及人工晶状体植入术，可提高视力并保持滤过泡的功能。     

抗青光眼术后白内障手术方式的探讨

目的 观察三种不同切口摘除青光眼术后白内障的视力及眼压的变化。方法 对我院1990-2001年的抗青光眼术后白内障手术108例110眼进行分类观察，其中颞侧角巩膜大切口囊外摘除人工晶状体植入术62例62眼，上方透明角膜大切口囊外摘除人工晶状体植入10例10眼，颞侧透明角膜超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术36例38眼。分别检查视力和眼压并进行比较。术后观察3-24月。结果 三种手术方式术后视力和眼压分别为：术后矫正视力0.1以上者，角巩膜缘组61.29%，透明角膜组50.0%，超声乳化组86.84%。术后眼压正常者，角巩膜缘组88.7%，透明角膜组100%，超声乳化组100%。结论 术中避开滤过泡选择颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术。术后以应轻、并发症少，恢复快，眼压稳定。     

青光眼滤过术后超声乳化人工晶状体植入观察

目的探讨青光眼滤过术后表面麻醉下颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术后的疗效及并发症。方法对29例(30眼)有青光眼滤过史的患者，表面麻醉下进行颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术，观察其术中术后并发症，以及矫正视力。结果30眼均顺利完成超声乳化摘出及人工晶状体植入。术后1周，视力0．06者1眼，0．1～0．2者3眼，0．3～0．5者10眼，大于0．5者16眼。术中2例(2眼)发生后囊破裂，术后房水闪光( )，人工晶状体表面色素沉着，角膜水肿等并发症。结论青光眼滤过术后，表面麻醉下颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术能使患者获得较好的视力，并发症少。     

抗青光眼滤过术后超声乳化白内障摘除术

目的：探讨抗青光眼滤过手术后进行表明角膜缘切口超声乳化白内障摘除手术的可行性。方法：对抗青光眼小梁切除术后白内障患者32例（32只眼）、采用颞侧透明角膜隧道切口进行超声乳化白内障摘除及囊袋内人工晶状体植入手术,同时对的小瞳孔进行扩张或采用括约肌切开。结果：白内障术后患者视力不同程度提高,视力≥0．5者占68．75％;眼压正常。结论：对抗青光眼滤过术后白内障患者进行颞侧透明角膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障摘除术,可提高视力,同时可维持原滤过功能。     

Follow-up studies in pattern VECP in demyelinating diseases in children

Spectral sensitivity functions and the transient decrease of sensitivity to short wavelengths after the offset of yellow light (transient tritanopia) were measured by increment threshold techniques in patients suffering from hereditary macular degenerations. Color vision defects were determined by arrangement tests and the anomaloscope. Central areolar choroidal dystrophy was found to produce a mild protan defect and to reduce foveal spectral sensitivity throughout the visible spectrum by a factor of 100; it also abolishes transient tritanopia. Electroretinogram (ERG) was normal, electrooculogram (EOG) subnormal. Stargardt's disease, despite numerous fluorescent macular spots, does not abolish transient tritanopia nor does it reduce spectral sensitivity, although scotopic matches were performed on the Nagel anomaloscope. Only in severe, advanced cases was transient tritanopia reduced and spectral sensitivity found to follow the absorption spectrum of rods. Routine ERGs and EOGs were normal. Vitelliform macular degeneration, despite the ophthalmoscopically pronounced dystrophic macula, produced only very small changes in spectral sensitivity and transient tritanopia, although a widened matching range on the Nagel anomaloscope and electrophysiological abnormalities were found. Apparently damage of the retinal circuit which connects long and short wavelength-sensitive cones, caused by hereditary conditions, is different from that caused by retinotoxic drugs.     

p53 expression in pterygium in two climatic regions in Turkey

Purpose:

To assess accumulation of p53 protein in samples of primary pterygium from people living in two different climatic regions in Turkey.

Materials and Methods:

Group 1 included 101 pterygium specimens from people in Adana located in southern Turkey. Group 2 included 39 pterygium specimens from people in Ankara, located in the middle of Turkey. Climatic conditions throughout the year are sunnier and warmer in Adana than they are in Ankara. The control group (Group 3) included 30 specimens of conjunctiva that had been excised during cataract surgery from 30 patients without pterygium. The pterygial specimens and control conjunctiva were studied by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against p53 protein. Pearson''s chi-square test was used to compare the p53 immunoreactivity.

Results:

The p53 immunoreactivity in Groups 1 and 2 was greater than it was in the control group (P<0.001). There were no differences in p53 immunoreactivity between Groups 1 and 2 (P= 0.060).

Conclusion:

The p53 immunoreactivity was not correlated with ultraviolet irradiation exposure. The p53 immunoreactivity in our pterygium specimens suggests that pterygium could be a result of uncontrolled cell proliferation.     

Changes in Bruch's membrane in experimental hypercholesteremia in rats

PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of high cholesterol diet for the aging changes in Bruch's membrane of rats. METHODS: After feeding a 4% cholesterol diet for 15 weeks to three young rats 3 months old and four aged rats 23 months old, we observed the morphological changes of Bruch's membrane by electron microscopy, and made a comparison with rats fed an ordinary diet. RESULTS: In one young rat fed a high-cholesterol diet, the endothelial basement membrane of the choriocapillaris formed multiple folds separated from the plasma membrane of the endothelium and showed lamellar thickening and crack in some areas. The elastic fiber layer in Bruch's membrane disappeared partly and some new microfibrils appeared. In one aged rat fed a high-cholesterol diet, the endothelial basement membrane of the choriocapillaris showed more lamellar thickening with lumps in some parts. Compared with rats fed an ordinary diet, rats fed a high-cholesterol diet showed thickening of the basement membrane and the changes were more severe. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that high-cholesterol diet might promote age-related changes of Bruch's membrane.     

Trends in Patterns of Anterior Uveitis in a Tertiary Institution in Singapore

Purpose: To report the trends in etiology of patients with anterior uveitis (AU) in Singapore over 6 years.

Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical records of all new patients who presented with anterior uveitis to the uveitis subspecialty clinic from 2005 to 2010 at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

Results: There were 552 new cases of AU. This comprised 59.5% of a total of 928 new patients diagnosed with uveitis from 2005 to 2010. The mean age was 48.0?±?17.2 years. There was a male predominance (62.5%), with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. The majority were of Chinese ethnicity (69%), followed by Malays (13.2%). Most cases were unilateral (79.5%) and idiopathic (50.4%). Common etiological causes included Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) (5.6%), ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-related AU (5.1%), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (4.7%), and herpes zoster virus (HZV) (4.5%). There were increasing trends in AS-related AU from 3.2% in 2008 to 6.5% in 2010, and psoriasis-associated AU from 1.7% in 2005 to 4.0% in 2008. There were decreasing trends in the incidence of FHI from 10.6% in 2006 to 4.7% in 2009. No change in incidence of viral etiologies was noted, but cytomegalovirus-related immune-recovery uveitis (IRU) comprised 7.4%. IRU showed an increasing trend from 1.7% in 2005 to 11.9% in 2007, then decreased to 3.3% in 2010. Using the Pearson chi-square test, there was no statistically significant association between ethnicities (Chinese, Malay, Indian) comparing infectious and noninfectious cases (p?=?0.788), idiopathic and nonidiopathic cases (p?=?0.170), or between the various etiologies of uveitis (p?=?0.168).

Conclusions: AU was the predominant form of uveitis seen at our centers. Infectious etiologies (18.5%) are the most common among nonidiopathic cases, with herpes viruses (9.2%) being most prevalent. Despite increased use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of microbial and viral DNA, there was no overall increase in detection of infectious causes for uveitis. The changes in CMV-related immune recovery uveitis from 2005 to 2010 could reflect a change in HIV management in Singapore.     

Orthokeratology practice in children in a university clinic in Hong Kong*

Purposes: The aim of this study was to analyse clinical data of children undergoing orthokeratology (ortho‐k) and to investigate patients’/parents’ perspective on ortho‐k via telephone interviews. Methods: Clinical records of children undergoing ortho‐k from a university optometry clinic were reviewed and the effects of ortho‐k on refraction, vision and cornea were investigated. A telephone interview was conducted to solicit patients’/parents’ perspective of the treatment. Results: One hundred and eight files were reviewed. Median age of the children was nine years (range six to 15); mean (±SD) pre‐treatment refractive sphere was ‐3.56 ± 1.49 D and the median refractive cylinder was ‐0.50 D (range zero to ‐4.25 D). Significant refractive spherical reduction (58 per cent), improvement in unaided vision and corneal topographical changes were noted after only one night of wear. No significant change in astigmatism was found. Corneal staining was the most commonly observed complication with ortho‐k and more than 80 per cent of patients were advised to apply ocular lubricants to loosen the lens before lens removal. Ortho‐k was mainly undertaken for myopic control and about 90 per cent of the respondents reported good/very good unaided vision after ortho‐k and ranked the treatment as satisfactory or very good. Lens binding and ocular discharge were the most frequently reported problems during the treatment. Conclusion: Under close monitoring, overnight ortho‐k is effective and safe for reducing low to moderate myopia and the treatment is well accepted by the children.     

内毒素诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎的巨噬细胞中Toll样受体4的表达

目的 探讨在内毒素诱导的Wistar大鼠葡萄膜炎中Toll样受体4(TLR4)阳性细胞与虹膜组织中巨噬细胞的动态变化和分布.方法 实验研究.Wistar大鼠50只,用随机数字法随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为正常对照(0 h)组、6 h组、12 h组、24 h组及48 h组.除0 h组外其余各组均足垫部注射霍乱弧菌内毒素200μg,注射后于裂隙灯显微镜下观察双眼前节炎症反应变化.按实验分组于0、6、12、24、48 h处死大鼠.取虹膜一睫状体及脉络膜组织.通过葡萄膜铺片免疫组织化学方法检测TLR4和巨噬细胞的标记CD163的表达.人工计数虹膜中TLR4~+与CD163~+的细胞并计算细胞密度,计算圆形和多形性的CD163~+细胞占所有CD163~+细胞的百分比.进一步采用免疫荧光双标记检测TLR4和CD163共表达的情况.通过单因素方差分析分别对大鼠虹膜内阳性细胞密度以及圆形、多形性CD163~+细胞的百分比进行统计学检验.结果 正常大鼠虹膜睫状体组织不表达TLR4.6 h组有2只大鼠虹膜内可见少量TLR4~+细胞,12～48 h组所有大鼠虹膜内TLR4~+细胞明显增多(F=167.2,P＜0.001),虹膜内TLR4~+细胞密度分别为(506.1±39.5)个/mm~2(12 h组)、(492.3±54.5)个/mm~2(24 h组)及(663.8±150.2)个/mm~2 (48 h组).在注射LPS后12～48 h期间TLR4~+细胞形态无明显变化.0～48 h组大鼠虹膜内均有CD163~+细胞,0 h组圆形和多形性CD163~+细胞百分比为13%,12～48 h组其百分比约为80%,且圆形细胞主要位于虹膜基质层.免疫荧光双标记可见TLR4和CD163的共表达,TLR4位于细胞膜,CD163位于细胞质.5组大鼠脉络膜内均未见TLR4表达.结论 内毒素诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎中虹膜内TLR4表达增高,部分虹膜固有巨噬细胞表达TLR4.TLR4可能在葡萄膜炎的发生发展中起一定作用.     

弱视眼底光学相干断层扫描的研究进展

弱视是由于视觉发育关键期内各种异常的视觉经验导致单眼或双眼最佳矫正远视力低于正常同龄儿童,而眼部无明显器质性病变。目前普遍观点认为,弱视的发病机理主要源于视皮层。近年来,光学相干断层扫描（OCT）作为一种先进的活体成像技术,促进了对视网膜形态结构的大量研究,同时也被应用到弱视的研究领域。陆续有不同的研究人员利用OCT发现弱视患者眼底视网膜、脉络膜等眼部结构存在改变。笔者将对弱视眼底OCT的研究进展做一综述。     

实验性糖尿病视网膜微血管病变的病理研究

目的：观察糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy,DR）的组织学改变。方法：应用光镜、免疫组织化学、电镜及组织化学电镜等技术,研究在不同时间点Spregue-Dawley(SD)大鼠视网膜毛细血管基底膜中的Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白和视网膜毛细胞血管基底膜的厚度,以及其负电荷位点数目的变化。结果：随着糖尿病病程的发展,视网膜毛细血管基底膜下不断增厚伴有Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白的增加,同时负电荷位点数目减少。结论：视网膜毛细血管基底膜增厚,Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白的增加,负电荷位点数目减少可能是导致DR渗出性病变的病理基础。