共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Mustafa Ozat Tayfun Gungor Sureyya Barun Billur Demirogullar Lale Karakoc Sokmensuer Ozlem Gulbahar Devrim Gursoy Sevda Muftuoglu 《Experimental and toxicologic pathology》2009,61(5):519-527
Ovarian torsion is a surgical emergency affecting not only the ipsilateral ovary but also contralateral ovary. Although the conventional treatment is salpingo-oophorectomy, recent studies advocate detorsion. We hypothesized that iloprost, an analogue of prostacyclin with cytoprotective properties, may prevent the harmful effects of ischaemia–reperfusion injury in bilateral ovaries after unilateral ovarian torsion–detorsion in rat. In this study, 24 female Wistar-albino female rats were divided into four groups. Ovarian torsion was produced by applying vascular clamps to right ovaries. In Group I, bilateral oophorectomy was performed. In group II, bilateral oophorectomy was performed after a unilateral torsion period of 4 h. In group III, bilateral ovaries were removed, following unilateral torsion–detorsion periods each lasted for 4 h. Saline was injected i.p. 30 min before detorsion. In group IV, same experimental protocol, which was conducted in group III, was repeated. Iloprost was injected i.p. 30 min before detorsion instead of saline in group IV. Tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), which are the indicators for oxidative stress were determined and histopathological evaluation was performed in bilateral ovaries in all groups. The MDA and NO levels for ipsilateral ovaries of four groups were compared and no significant difference was found (p>0.05). The same comparison were done for the contralateral sides and no difference was seen either (p>0.05). In histological examination, iloprost produced improvement in I/R-induced alterations in ipsilateral and contralateral ovaries. In conclusion, these results showed that iloprost has beneficial effect on the histological appearences in both the ipsilateral and contralateral rat ovaries after unilateral torsion–detorsion. 相似文献
2.
Younes Kamali Soghra Gholami Alireza Raayat Jahromi Fatemeh Namazi Amiarsalan Khorsand 《Comparative clinical pathology》2016,25(5):1001-1005
The study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of the methanolic extract of Biebersteinia multifida DC on ischemia–reperfusion injury induced by testicular torsion/detorsion in rats. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Sham operation group, torsion/detorsion group plus saline, and torsion/detorsion groups plus 75 and 150 mg/kg doses of DC extract (administered intraperitoneally 15 min before detorsion). Testicular ischemia was induced via keeping the left testis under 720° counterclockwise torsion for 2 h; afterwards, detorsion was performed. All rats were sacrificed 4 h after detorsion and bilateral testes were removed for histological examinations. The testes in sham operation group had normal structure. Contralateral testicular tissue had mild injury in torsion/detorsion (T/D) group, while it was approximately normal in DC-treated group. In the T/D group, most of the testes demonstrated severe lesions in ipsilateral testes. In contrast, ipsilateral twisted testicular tissue in DC-treated group showed mild to moderate injuries. Similar histopathological results were obtained in both utilized therapeutic doses of DC (75 and 150 mg/kg). B. multifida is a rich source of phenolic antioxidant components that can be potentially used as a free radical scavenger in testicular damages caused by reperfusion injury, although more detailed studies are warranted. 相似文献
3.
OBJECTIVES:
This study was designed to investigate prevention of contralateral testicular injury with sildenafil citrate after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion.METHODS:
Thirty‐seven adult male rats were divided into four groups: sham operated (group 1, n = 7), torsion/detorsion + saline (group 2, n = 10), torsion/detorsion + 0.7 mg of sildenafil citrate (group 3, n = 10) and torsion/detorsion + 1.4 mg of sildenafil citrate (group 4, n = 10). Unilateral testicular torsion was created by rotating the right testis 720° in a clockwise direction for 2 h in other groups, except for group 1, which was served as sham group. After torsion (2 h) and detorsion (2 h) periods, rats were killed.RESULTS:
The level of reduced glutathion (GSH) (p<0.05) and the activities of catalase (p<0.01) and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.05) in the contralateral testis from group 2 were significantly lower and nitric oxide (NO) (p<0.05) level in the contralateral testis were significantly higher than those of group 1. Administration of low‐dose sildenafil citrate (group 3) prevented the increases in malondialdehyde and NO levels and decreases in glutathione peroxidase activities and GSH values induced by testicular torsion. However, administration of high‐dose sildenafil citrate (group 4) had no effect on these testicular parameters (p>0.05). Histopathological changes were detected in groups 2, 3 and 4.CONCLUSION:
These results suggest that biochemically and histologically torsion/detorsion injury occurs in the contralateral testis following 2‐h torsion and 2‐h detorsion and that administration of low‐dose sildenafil citrate before detorsion prevents ischemia/reperfusion cellular damage in testicular tissue. 相似文献4.
The effect of spermatic vessel ligation on testicular nitric oxide levels and germ cell-specific apoptosis in rat testis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Taneli F Vatansever S Ulman C Yilmaz O Giray G Genç A Taneli C 《Acta histochemica》2005,106(6):83-466
Management of high testis may vary but the most popular method in surgical treatment is the Fowler-Stephens maneuver. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of spermatic vessel ligation on testicular nitric oxide (NO) levels, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and germ cell-specific apoptosis in both ipsilateral and contralateral testes in rats. Twenty-eight animals were randomly allocated into four groups (n=7 each). The spermatic vessels were ligated as a simulation of the Fowler-Stephens maneuver. The groups of animals were sacrificed at 2 h (group 1), 4 h (group 2) and 24 h (group 3) after ligation, respectively. Sham-operated animals served as controls (group 4). Biochemical assessment of testicular NO levels was performed by the Griess method. iNOS and eNOS expression and apoptosis were studied in ipsilateral and contralateral testes. Testicular NO levels at 24 h after the simulated Fowler-Stephens maneuver were found to be significantly increased in both ipsilateral and contralateral testes when compared with the sham-operated group. eNOS expression was clearly increased in ipsilateral testes, whereas moderate expression was detected in the contralateral seminiferous tubules at 24 h after ligation. Mild focal iNOS immunostaining was also observed in seminiferous tubules of the ipsilateral testis at 24 h after the simulated Fowler-Stephens maneuver. Apoptosis was dramatically increased in ipsilateral testes; however, it was only detected in single cells in the contralateral side at 24 h after ligation. In conclusion, the simulated Fowler-Stephens maneuver induces testicular nitric oxide synthesis and germ cell-specific apoptosis in the ipsilateral testis. These results suggest that high levels of NO induce apoptosis and may impair spermatogenesis thus explaining the unsuccessful outcome of the Fowler-Stephens maneuver. 相似文献
5.
Mallikarjuna Reddy Metukuri Chandra Mohan T. Reddy P. R. K. Reddy Pallu Reddanna 《Inflammation》2010,33(4):235-243
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation is implicated in the infection associated testicular tissue damage.
Earlier, using a LPS induced acute endotoxemic rat model, we have shown the involvement of inflammation-induced oxidative
stress in the impaired steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. In the present study, we report a significant induction (more
than 2-fold) of stress response proteins HSP-60, HMGB-1 and 2 in the testes, as early as 6 h after LPS injection with a later
decrease. This induction of acute stress is closely followed by a significant reduction (74%) in Bcl2/Bax ratio along with
leakage of cytochrome c (3 fold increase, p < 0.05) from mitochondria and increased caspase-3 activity levels (2.9 fold, p < 0.05) at 12 h and 24 h post LPS injection respectively. Further studies on PARP cleavage revealed a pattern similar to
necrotic death during early periods (3 h to 24 h) and apoptosis at later periods (24 h to 72 h) after LPS treatment. In conclusion,
the present study shows the involvement of stress response proteins and mitochondrial dysfunction in LPS-induced germ cell
death in male rats. 相似文献
6.
7.
目的探讨厄多司坦对大鼠睾丸扭转/复位模型的保护作用。方法成年雄性大鼠32只,体重(200±20)g,随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为:假手术组,扭转复位组,扭转复位+生理盐水组,扭转复位+厄多司坦组。按Turner法建立睾丸扭转模型,扭转复位术后24h切取双侧睾丸分别留取组织匀浆和石蜡切片的标本待检测。TUNEL法测定凋亡细胞,化学比色法测定SOD及MDA含量。结果与扭转复位组相比,厄多司坦组生精细胞凋亡明显减少,超氧化物歧化酶活性上升,丙二醛含量下降,其差异有显著性。结论厄多司坦对大鼠单侧睾丸扭转后双侧睾丸生精功能具有保护作用 相似文献
8.
Kanter M 《Experimental and molecular pathology》2011,91(3):708-713
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) on testicular torsion/detorsion induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, I/R and I/R treated with EGb 761; each group contains 8 animals. Testicular torsion was created by rotating the left testis 720° in a clockwise direction. The ischemia period was 5 h and orchiectomy was performed after 5 h of detorsion. EGb 761 (50 mg/kg, orally) was administrated only once, 40 min prior to detorsion. To date, no more histopathological changes on testicular torsion/detorsion induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats by EGb 761 treatment have been reported. Spermatogenesis and mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD) were significantly decreased in I/R groups were compared to the control group. Furthermore, EGb 761 treated animals showed an improved histological appearance in I/R group. Our data indicate a significant reduction in the activity of TUNEL and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in testes tissue of I/R treated with EGb 761 therapy. Electron microscopy of the testes of rats demonstrated that EGb 761 pretreatment was particularly effective in preventing the mitochondrial degeneration, dilatation of SER and enlarged intercellular spaces in both Sertoli and spermatid cells in I/R treated animals. We believe that further preclinical research into the utility of EGb 761 may indicate its usefulness as a potential treatment on testes injury after I/R in rats. 相似文献
9.
Paratesticular seminoma: echographic features and histological diagnosis with review of the literature
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Andrea Palicelli Pierluigi Neri Giansilvio Marchioro Paolo De Angelis Gianmarco Bondonno Antonio Ramponi 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2018,126(3):267-272
10.
We examined whether a prior bout of eccentric exercise in the elbow flexors provided protection against exercise-induced muscle
damage in the contralateral arm. Fifteen males (age 22.7 ± 2.1 years; height 178.6 ± 6.8 cm, mass 75.8 ± 9.3 kg) were randomly
assigned to two groups who performed two bouts of 60 eccentric contractions (30°/s) separated by 2 weeks: ipsilateral (n = 7, both bouts performed in the same arm), contralateral (n = 8, one bout performed in each arm). Strength, muscle soreness and resting arm angle (RAA) were measured at baseline and
at 1, 24 and 48 h post exercise. Surface electromyography was recorded during both bouts of exercise. The degree of strength
loss was attenuated (p < 0.05) in the ipsilateral group after the second bout of eccentric exercise (−22 cf. −3% for bout 1 and 2 at 24 h, respectively).
Strength loss following eccentric exercise was also attenuated (p < 0.05) at 24 h in the contralateral group (−30 cf. 13% for bout 1 and 2, respectively). Muscle soreness (≈34 cf 19 mm) and
change in RAA (≈5 cf. 3%) were also lower following the second bout of eccentric exercise (p < 0.05), although there was no difference in the overall change in these values between groups. Median frequency (MF) was
decreased by 31% between bouts, with no difference between groups. Data support observations that the repeated bout effect
transfers to the opposite (untrained) limb. The similar reduction in MF between bouts for the two groups provides evidence
for a centrally mediated, neural adaptation. 相似文献
11.
THOMAS E. SHOOK LEROY M. NYBERG BRADFORD S. COLLINS SUBBI MATHUR 《American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)》1988,17(4):141-144
ABSTRACT: The presence of a varicocele in adult men has been correlated with infertility. This study documents the effect of an experimentally induced unilateral varicocele in 21-day-old juvenile prepubertal and 51-day-old adult rats (n=10 per group) on subsequent adult testicular function. Varicoceles were induced by partial occlusion of the spermatic vein. There were ten sham-operated and five nonoperated control rats in each age group. The rats were sacrificed 1 month after surgery. Intrascrotal temperatures were elevated in both groups with varicoceles. Histologically, the ipsilateral testes of rats in both age groups demonstrated a decrease in the numbers of functioning seminiferous tubules and germ cells, but the decrease was significantly greater in the juveniles than in the adult rats. No changes were seen in the contralateral testes. Significant titers of cytotoxic sperm antibodies were present in all animals with varicoceles, which is in contrast to controls. The juveniles had significantly lower antibody titers (mean log ± SEM; 3.2 ± 0.09 vs. 8.5 ± 1.1, P < 0.001) than the adults. The induction of a unilateral varicocele damaged spermatogenesis and testicular function to a greater extent in juveniles than in adult rats. This damage may be immune complex-mediated. 相似文献
12.
Sodium pyruvate protects against H(2)O(2) mediated apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line-SK-N-MC 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Free radicals are involved in neuronal damage. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of sodium pyruvate-a free radical scavenger against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line-SK-N-MC. On exposure to H(2)O(2) (0.025 mM) cells exhibited apoptosis within 24 h, demonstrating a high caspase 3 activity by 3 h followed by cleavage of PARP that was maximum at 24 h. A break down in the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed 3 h onwards. Sodium pyruvate protected cells significantly (P<0.05) against apoptosis in a dose dependent manner as assessed for cell viability by dye exclusion method and apoptosis by TUNEL. Sodium pyruvate significantly inhibited caspase 3 activity, cleavage of PARP and breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential. These data suggest that sodium pyruvate protects neuronal damage caused by H(2)O(2). 相似文献
13.
ERAP1 variants are associated with ankylosing spondylitis in East Asian population: a new Chinese case–control study and meta‐analysis of published series
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Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) has been confirmed to be associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Caucasian. However, whether they are associated with AS in East Asian population remains unidentified. We investigated this relationship by a new Chinese case–control study and a meta‐analysis of published series. 368 cases and 460 controls were recruited in the Chinese case–control study. Genotyping was completed using the chip‐based matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Allelic associations were analysed using contingency tables. In the meta‐analysis, up to 2748 cases and 2774 controls from seven different studies and the new Chinese study were combined using Review Manager software version 5.1.1. Mantel–Haenszel or Inverse Variance test was used to calculate fixed or random‐effects pooled ORs. In the new Chinese study, strong association with AS was observed for marker rs10050860, rs27434 and rs1065407 at P value of <0.001. Moderate association was observed for rs30187 at P value of <0.01, while no association was observed for rs27044 (P = 0.37) and rs2287987 (P = 0.23). The meta‐analysis showed that rs27037 and rs30187 were strongly associated with AS (P < 0.00001). Significant association was also observed for rs27434 (P = 0.001). No association was shown for rs27044 (P = 0.70). We concluded that ERAP1 variants are associated with AS in East Asian population, indicating a common pathogenic mechanism for AS in East Asians and Caucasians. 相似文献
14.
15.
Fast diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) with Inherent COrrelation‐based Normalization (ICON) enhances automatic segmentation of heterogeneous diffusion MRI lesion in acute stroke
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Iris Yuwen Zhou Yingkun Guo Takahiro Igarashi Yu Wang Emiri Mandeville Suk‐Tak Chan Lingyi Wen Mark Vangel Eng H. Lo Xunming Ji Phillip Zhe Sun 《NMR in biomedicine》2016,29(12):1670-1677
Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) has been shown to augment diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for the definition of irreversible ischemic injury. However, the complexity of cerebral structure/composition makes the kurtosis map heterogeneous, limiting the specificity of kurtosis hyperintensity to acute ischemia. We propose an Inherent COrrelation‐based Normalization (ICON) analysis to suppress the intrinsic kurtosis heterogeneity for improved characterization of heterogeneous ischemic tissue injury. Fast DKI and relaxation measurements were performed on normal (n = 10) and stroke rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) (n = 20). We evaluated the correlations between mean kurtosis (MK), mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from the fast DKI sequence and relaxation rates R1 and R2, and found a highly significant correlation between MK and R1 (p < 0.001). We showed that ICON analysis suppressed the intrinsic kurtosis heterogeneity in normal cerebral tissue, enabling automated tissue segmentation in an animal stroke model. We found significantly different kurtosis and diffusivity lesion volumes: 147 ± 59 and 180 ± 66 mm3, respectively (p = 0.003, paired t‐test). The ratio of kurtosis to diffusivity lesion volume was 84% ± 19% (p < 0.001, one‐sample t‐test). We found that relaxation‐normalized MK (RNMK), but not MD, values were significantly different between kurtosis and diffusivity lesions (p < 0.001, analysis of variance). Our study showed that fast DKI with ICON analysis provides a promising means of demarcation of heterogeneous DWI stroke lesions. 相似文献
16.
Chahinez Amira Dahmani Ahmed Benzaoui Habiba Amroun Faouzia Zemani‐Fodil Elisabeth Petit‐Teixeira Abdallah Boudjema 《International journal of immunogenetics》2019,46(6):437-443
Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were explored in the Algerian population to evaluate associated ankylosing spondylitis (AS) genetic risk factors, but no study has identified the impact of copy number variations (CNVs). The aim of the study was to determine whether CNVs of CCL3L1, FCGR3A and FCGR3B genes were also associated with the susceptibility of AS disease in Algerian population. The data set of the current study is composed of 81 patients with AS and 119 healthy controls. All samples were genotyped by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Chi‐square test and OR calculation were used to evaluate association between CNVs and AS and the risk associated with copy numbers (CN). In results, FCGR3A CN less than two copies (<2) was significantly increased in spondylitis patients (p = .0001, OR = 7.74 [2.32–25.74]). Additionally, FCGR3A CN < 2 copies association was present only in HLA‐B27 (‐) patients. We have concluded that FCGR3A deletions have an independent effect on AS regarding HLA‐B27 status. This is the first study that investigated the CCL3L1 CNVs in relation to AS risk disease. It reveals that CCL3L1 and FCGR3B CNVs may not be involved in susceptibility to AS risk in the Algerian population. 相似文献
17.
Motoharu Oishi Mei Takahashi Hajime Amasaki Tina Janssen Stephen D. Johnston 《Journal of anatomy》2013,222(3):380-389
The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and southern hairy‐nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) are iconic Australian fauna that share a close phylogenetic relationship but there are currently no comparative studies of the seminiferous epithelial cell or testicular microanatomy of either species. Koala and wombat spermatozoa are unusual for marsupials as they possess a curved stream‐lined head and lateral neck insertion that superficially is similar to murid spermatozoa; the koala also contains Sertoli cells with crystalloid inclusions that closely resemble the Charcot–Bottcher crystalloids described in human Sertoli cells. Eighteen sexually mature koalas and four sexually mature southern hairy‐nosed (SHN) wombats were examined to establish base‐line data on quantitative testicular histology. Dynamics of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the both species consisted of eight stages of cellular association similar to that described in other marsupials. Both species possessed a high proportion of the pre‐meiotic (stages VIII, I – III; koala – 62.2 ± 1.7% and SHN wombat – 66.6 ± 2.4%) when compared with post‐meiotic stages of the seminiferous cycle. The mean diameters of the seminiferous tubules found in the koalas and the SHN wombats were 227.8 ± 6.1 and 243.5 ± 3.9 μm, respectively. There were differences in testicular histology between the species including the koala possessing (i) a greater proportion of Leydig cells, (ii) larger Sertoli cell nuclei, (iii) crystalloids in the Sertoli cell cytoplasm, (iv) a distinctive acrosomal granule during spermiogenesis and (v) a highly eosinophilic acrosome. An understanding of the seminiferous epithelial cycle and microanatomy of testis is fundamental for documenting normal spermatogenesis and testicular architecture; recent evidence of orchitis and epididymitis associated with natural chlamydial infection in the koala suggest that this species might be useful as an experimental model for understanding Chlamydia induced testicular pathology in humans. Comparative spermatogenic data of closely related species can also potentially reflect evolutionary divergence and differences in reproductive strategies. 相似文献
18.
Afshin A. Divani Tamara L. Berezina Gabriela Vazquez Sergey B. Zaets Ramachandra Tummala Adnan I. Qureshi 《Annals of biomedical engineering》2009,37(12):2428-2435
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of flow diversion by external carotid artery (ECA) occlusion on ipsilateral
regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Local cerebral hyperperfusion in rats (n = 12) was induced by ligating the right ECA. Ipsilateral rCBF was determined pre- and post-ligation for 120 min using a laser
Doppler flow meter. Sham animals (n = 6) were subjected to the craniotomy without ligation of the right ECA. In a separate series of rats (n = 5), brain tissue oxygen levels (pO2) in the right and left brain hemispheres were determined before and 90 min after ligation of the right ECA using a tissue
oxygenation monitoring unit. We investigated the effect of ECA occlusion hemispheric changes in rCBF in one clinical case
as a proof of concept. Ligation of ECA resulted in a statistically significant increase in rCBF on the ipsilateral side compared
to the sham-operated rats (p < 0.0001). On average we observed a 34% increase (95% CI: 24–45%) in rCBF in the ipsilateral territory in the treated group
compared with sham-operated rats. There was no significant variation in MAP for the treated animals. Vascular permeability
and cerebral water content in the right hemisphere after ligation of ECA did not significantly differ from the contralateral
hemisphere. Ipsilateral hemisphere tissue pO2 was significantly higher compared to the contralateral area (p < 0.002) post-ligation or to the ipsilateral area (p < 0.001) prior to ligation. In the clinical case, occlusion of ECA resulted in 3.6% and 12.1% increase in peak value and
rise-time of the time-density curves. Flow diversion by temporary occlusion of the ECA can result in increased rCBF and cerebral
pO2 on the ipsilateral side. The strategy may represent a viable option to augment rCBF in focal cerebral ischemia. 相似文献
19.
Jayashree C. Jagtap Anmol Chandele B. A. Chopde Padma Shastry 《Journal of chemical neuroanatomy》2003,26(2):109
Free radicals are involved in neuronal damage. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of sodium pyruvate—a free radical scavenger against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line-SK-N-MC. On exposure to H2O2 (0.025 mM) cells exhibited apoptosis within 24 h, demonstrating a high caspase 3 activity by 3 h followed by cleavage of PARP that was maximum at 24 h. A break down in the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed 3 h onwards. Sodium pyruvate protected cells significantly (P<0.05) against apoptosis in a dose dependent manner as assessed for cell viability by dye exclusion method and apoptosis by TUNEL. Sodium pyruvate significantly inhibited caspase 3 activity, cleavage of PARP and breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential. These data suggest that sodium pyruvate protects neuronal damage caused by H2O2. 相似文献
20.
Horii A Smith PF Darlington CL 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2001,140(2):252-200
Spontaneous recovery from the oculomotor and postural symptoms of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) is known as vestibular
compensation, which is a useful model for investigation of the mechanisms of lesion-induced CNS plasticity. In the present
study, to elucidate the molecular biological basis of vestibular compensation, we investigated changes in the mRNA expression
of glutamate receptor subunit/subtypes in the rat central vestibular system, including the vestibular nucleus complex (VNC),
inferior olive (IO), and cerebellar flocculus following UL, using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
method. In normal control animals, regional differences in the expression of several glutamate receptor subunit/subtypes,
e.g., NR1 and NR2A subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor, GluR2 and KA2 subtypes of non-NMDA receptors, and mGluR1 and mGluR7 metabotropic glutamate
receptors, were consistent with previous results from studies using in situ hybridization histochemistry, suggesting that
the real-time quantitative PCR method was a reliable procedure for evaluation of changes in mRNA expression. In the vestibular
nucleus complex, NR2A, GluR2 and mGluR7 mRNA were ipsilaterally downregulated by 6 h following UL (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). In the inferior olive, no changes in gene expression were observed. In the ipsilateral flocculus, KA2
mRNA expression was increased by 50 h post-UL (P<0.05). However, in the contralateral flocculus, mGluR1 mRNA was downregulated by 6 h post-UL (P<0.005). Both the increase in KA2 mRNA expression in the ipsilateral flocculus and the decrease in mGluR1 mRNA expression
in the contralateral flocculus may have had the effect of reducing Purkinje cell inhibition of ipsilateral VNC neurons, thereby
contributing to the rebalancing of spontaneous resting activity between the ipsilateral and contralateral VNCs. It is suggested
that such changes in the activities of the floccular-VNC pathways may be important to the vestibular compensation process.
Electronic Publication 相似文献