带血管蒂大收肌腱转位修复胫侧副韧带的应用解剖

目的：为带血管蒂大收肌腱转位修复胫侧副韧带提供解剖学基础。方法：在７０侧成人下肢标本上解剖观测了大收肌腱和胫侧副韧带的形态、毗邻关系以及前者的血管分布等。结果：①大收肌腱的肌腱部长６．７５±１．２２ｃｍ,平均宽度为９．６±２．０ｍｍ,平均厚度２．２±０．６ｍｍ;②胫侧副韧带长约５．８±１．１ｃｍ,平均宽１１．２±２．０ｍｍ,平均厚度１．２±０．２ｍｍ;③大收肌腱的血供源于膝降动脉的关节支,该动脉参与形成膝关节动脉网。结论：大收肌腱血供丰富,肌腱长,位置靠近,可作为胫侧副韧带损伤修复的供体。     

腓血管蒂比目鱼肌皮瓣逆行转位修复术的应用解剖

目的：为以腓血管为蒂比目鱼肌皮瓣逆行转位修复小腿中、下段组织缺损提供解剖学基础。方法：在３３侧经动脉灌注乳胶的下肢标本及６侧动脉铸型下肢标本上,解剖观测比目鱼肌形态,腓动脉比目鱼肌支的分布及腓动脉与胫前、后动脉之间的吻合。结果：腓动脉发出１～４条比目鱼肌支,外径２．０±０．５（１．０～３．８）ｍｍ,由其发出至皮肤的血管在比目鱼肌内或沿肌间隔穿行,穿出点在腓骨头下９．９±３．０ｃｍ,分布范围１６ｃｍ×９ｃｍ。腓动脉下端与胫前、后动脉间有丰富的吻合支和粗大的交通支,最近端交通支距内、外踝连线５．５±０．８（３．６～７．４）ｃｍ,外径１．２±０．３ｍｍ。结论：以腓血管为蒂可以形成比目鱼肌皮瓣;该瓣逆行转位可修复小腿中下段缺损,具有血供可靠、损伤小、操作简单的优点     

掌长肌腱转位修复桡尺远侧关节脱位的形态学基础

目的：为桡尺远侧关节脱位修复提供术式设计的形态学基础。方法：３０侧成人上肢标本、９条新鲜掌长肌腱，分别进行形态学测量和力学测试。结果：①掌长肌腱长为１２．８±１．７ｃｍ；②肌腱上、中、下段宽分别为４．５±１．０ｍｍ、４．３±１．０ｍｍ和３．９±０．９ｍｍ；③肌腱上、中、下厚分别为１．１±０．３ｍｍ、０．９±０．１ｍｍ和０．８±０．１ｍｍ；④肌腱载荷为１５６．６±５３．６ｋｇ。结论：掌长肌腱有足够的长度和强度，以其转位修复桡尺远侧关节脱位术式设计具有可行性，３０例获得良好效果。     

斜方肌下部肌瓣转位重建屈肘屈指功能的应用解剖

目的：为斜方肌下部肌瓣转位重建屈肘屈指功能提供解剖学基础。方法：在３４侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人标本上，解剖观测斜方肌下部的形态、血供及神经支配。结果：①斜方肌下部肌质部分长２４．７±２．７ｃｍ、宽９．８±１．３ｃｍ、厚０．４±０．１ｃｍ。其远端移行为腱膜，长２．８±０．８ｃｍ、宽１．５±０．４ｃｍ、厚０．０３±０．０１ｃｍ；②肩胛背动脉内侧终末支的后支营养斜方肌下部，外径１．２±０．３ｍｍ，长度１．７±０．８ｃｍ；③斜方肌下部受副神经支配。结论：在斜方肌具有Ⅳ级肌力的前提下，可以副神经肩胛背动脉内侧终末支的后支为蒂设计斜方肌下部肌瓣转位重建屈肘屈指功能的术式     

肱二头肌短头肌腱转位修复肩锁关节脱位的应用解剖

目的：为肱二头肌短头肌腱转位修复肩锁关节脱位提供解剖学基础。方法：３１侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体标本,对肱二头肌短头肌腱的形态、血管及喙突的局部结构进行解剖学观察。结果：肱二头肌短头肌腱长８．７±１．５ｃｍ,上部宽０．９±０．４ｃｍ,中部宽１．２±０．４ｃｍ,下部宽１．４±０．４ｃｍ,喙突尖至肩峰的距离４．７±０．５ｃｍ,喙突尖至锁骨肩峰端４．３±０．４ｃｍ。结论：设计肱二头肌短头肌腱移位重建喙锁韧带及肩锁上韧带修复肩锁关节脱位具有可行性     

带血供半腱肌肌腱转位重建膝交叉韧带的应用解剖

目的：为带血供半腱肌肌腱转位重建膝交叉韧带术提供解剖学基础。方法：在４０侧成人下肢标本上观测半腱肌肌腱形态,血供来源,分支及分布特点：２侧新鲜下肢标本进行模拟术式。结果：半腱肌肌腱长１５．１ｃｍ、宽０．５ｃｍ、、厚０．４ｃｍ,ａ其血供来源于动半腱肌支,膝下内侧动的腱支、腱外周组织血管网动脉和胫前返动脉。结论：半腱肌肌腱与交叉韧带形态相似,有足够的游离长度。血供丰富,为多源性。以半腱肌肌腱转移重起初     

腓肠内外侧血管解剖特点及其在小腿创伤修复中的意义

目的：为小腿创伤皮瓣移植修复与腓肠内、外侧血管吻合提供解剖学基础。方法：在７０侧成人下肢标本上解剖观测了腓肠内、外侧血管的长度、外径、血管神经的毗邻关系及其形态特点。结果：①腓肠内、外侧动脉起于动脉，伴行静脉注入静脉；②动脉起点至入肌段的长度内、外侧分别为４．１±０．７（１．８～６．４）ｃｍ、３．７±０．５（２．０～６．５）ｃｍ；③肌门处内、外侧动脉的外径分别为２．２±０．１（１．１～３．４）ｍｍ、２．０±０．１（０．９～３．１）ｍｍ；④肌门处伴行静脉有１～２条，内、外侧静脉外径为２．５±０．３（１．８～４．５）ｍｍ，２．３±０．３（１．５～４．１）ｍｍ。结论：腓肠内、外侧血管恒定、径粗、较长，是小腿创伤皮瓣移植修复受区可供应用的吻合血管     

带血管蒂下颌骨瓣转位上颈椎融合术的应用解剖

目的：为上颈椎植骨融合术提供带血供骨瓣转位的应用解剖基础。方法：在３０侧成人头颈标本上，对颏下动脉的走行、分支及分布进行观测，并在标本上进行摹拟术式设计；②测量３０块成年干燥下颌骨有关数据。结果：①颊下动脉恒定由面动脉在下颌骨下级附近发出，起始外径为１．８±０．４ｍｍ、长度２．５±０．５ｃｍ，沿下颌骨下缘前行，在正中线处与对侧同名动脉吻合，沿途发出皮支、肌支、腺支及骨膜支等。其中下颌骨膜支２～５支，外径０．３±０．１ｍｍ，供骨面积为２．６ｃｍ×５．４ｃｍ。结论：可以面动脉为蒂带颏下动脉设计下颌骨瓣转位行上颈椎植骨融合的术式。     

带肌或肌腱蒂腓骨上段转位代股骨,胫骨外侧髁的应用解剖

目的：为腓骨上段转位代股骨、胫骨外侧髁缺损,重建膝关节的功能提供解剖学基础。方法：解剖观测５４侧腓骨上段、股骨和胫骨外侧髁的形态。观测４４侧股二头肌腱和比目鱼肌起点的形态及血供。２侧下肢标本腓骨上段带股二头肌腱或比目鱼肌转位摹拟术式。结果：①腓骨关节面中部上下径２２．８±７．１ｍｍ;前后径２３．９±２．１ｍｍ;向内下斜６１．３°±６．４°;②股骨外侧髁关节面中部前后径３８．０±３．３ｍｍ;左右径２８．０±３．１ｍｍ;③胫骨外侧髁关节面中部前后径３７．１±２．７ｍｍ;左右径２４．６±２．８ｍｍ。结论：带股二头肌腱腓骨上段转位插入股骨内修复股骨外侧髁缺损,带比目鱼肌蒂腓骨上段转位插入胫骨内修复胫骨外侧髁缺损,术式设计具有可行性     

活体肾上腺血管的解剖观测及临床意义

目的：研究活体肾上腺血管的应用解剖。方法：对１８例２４侧肾上腺手术时分离出血管，测量血管外径及长度，对６个完整肾上腺灌注染色。结果：右膈下动脉从下腔静脉右缘至末支肾上腺上动脉长８．５（７．５～１１．０）ｃｍ，外径２．５～３．０ｍｍ；左膈下动脉从腹主动脉左缘至末支肾上腺上动脉长８．０（７．０～９．０）ｃｍ，外径２．５～３．１ｍｍ；肾上腺上动脉１～６支，均源于膈下动脉。肾上腺中动脉右侧长１．７～２．２ｃｍ，外径１．０～１．５ｍｍ；左侧长１．５～２．０ｃｍ，外径１．０～１．５ｍｍ。肾上腺下动脉两侧基本相同，长１．５～２．０ｃｍ，外径１．０～２．０ｍｍ。肾上腺中心静脉右侧长０．４～０．８ｃｍ，左侧长３．０～４．０ｃｍ，外径３．０～４．０ｍｍ。结论：肾上腺血管加部分膈下血管的长度可供带血管蒂肾上腺转位治疗柯兴氏病；活体切取供移植的肾上腺；选择性肾上腺血管造影等。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995