微小切口白内障超声乳化联合折叠人工晶状体植入术的临床观察

目的:观察微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术联合推注式人工晶状体植入的临床疗效。方法:对36例(41眼)老年性白内障患者采用双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除联合推注式人工晶状体植入术进行治疗,观察术中超声乳化时间、手术并发症、术后矫正视力、术后散光及角膜内皮细胞密度的变化。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中超声乳化时间为0.5～4.2min,其中Ⅳ级核超声乳化时间平均为2.20±0.85min。术后1wk最佳矫正视力0.3～0.8共16眼,0.8以上25眼。术中未见明显并发症,术后5眼角膜轻度水肿,2眼术后3mo发生后发性白内障。结论:双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术是一种安全、可靠、疗效好的白内障手术方式,特别是对硬核白内障,具有其他术式无法比拟的优势。     

双手微小切口白内障超声乳化术的初步临床观察

目的探讨双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术的优越性及临床疗效.方法随机选择104例患者,分为两组,A组使用常规超声乳化吸除术,B组使用双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术,观察术中平均超声乳化能量、时间、术后视力和手术并发症.结果两组病例术中乳化能量及时间差异有显著性(P<0.05),B组平均超声能量11.5%,平均超声时间0.68±0.62min.术后1 d、1wk及1个月时,裸眼视力≥0.5的术眼分别占51.85%、81.48%、及90.47%.术后1个月最佳矫正视力≥0.5和0.8者占88.98%及74.07%.所有术眼术中前房稳定,无切口热损伤,手术并发症主要为后囊破裂2眼(3.70%),轻度虹膜损伤4眼(7.40%).结论双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术安全有效,临床上值得推广.     

双手微小切口冷超声乳化白内障吸除术的临床分析

目的探讨双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术的手术技术与疗效分析。方法对老年性白内障86例(108只眼)行双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术。在颞侧做1.4mm透明角巩膜隧道切口,自切口伸人已除去硅胶套管、外径为0.9mm的钛金属乳化针头,在10点角膜缘处作1.2mm的辅助切口伸入灌注式晶状体核劈开器,以快速晶状体核劈裂技术双手配合超声乳化吸除晶状体核。用双手皮质注吸器械吸除晶状体皮质。观察术中超声乳化时间、术后视力和手术并发症。并与常规超声乳化手术组80例(98只眼)进行比较分析。结果术中平均超声乳化时间为(0.75±0.64)min。术后1d、1周及1个月时,裸眼视力>0.5的术眼分别占55.30%、87.12%及90.15%。术后1个月最佳矫正视力≥0.5和0.8者分别占90.9l%和77.27%。所有患者术中前房稳定,均无切口热损伤。结论双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术可安全、有效地通过<1.4mm的切口吸除白内障,较常规超声乳化术恢复快、散光少,视力提高快。     

双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术的初步临床报告

目的　探讨双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术的手术技术及其可行性和疗效。方法　对老年性白内障 131例 (132只眼 )行双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术。在颞侧做外口长1 4mm、内口长 1 2mm、隧道长 1 0mm透明角膜隧道切口 ,自切口伸入已除去硅胶套管、外径为0 9mm的钛金属乳化针头 ,自 1 2mm× 1 0mm辅助切口伸入灌注式晶状体核劈开器 ,以快速晶状体核劈裂技术双手配合超声乳化吸除晶状体核。用双手皮质注吸器械吸除晶状体皮质。观察术中超声乳化时间、术后视力和手术并发症。结果　术中平均超声乳化时间为 (0 75± 0 6 4 )min。术后 1d、1周及 1个月时 ,裸眼视力≥ 0 5的术眼分别占 5 5 30 %、87 12 %及 90 15 %。术后 1个月最佳矫正视力≥ 0 5和 0 8者分别占 90 91%和 77 2 7%。所有患者术中前房稳定 ,均无切口热损伤。其他术中并发症包括 :晶状体后囊膜破裂 1例 (0 76 % ) ,轻度虹膜损伤 3例 (2 2 7% )。结论　双手微小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术可安全、有效地通过 <1 5mm的切口吸除白内障 ,手术疗效良好。     

双手微小切口白内障超声乳化术的临床疗效观察

目的探讨双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术的临床疗效。方法将患者分为两组:对照组使用常规超声乳化吸除术,研究组使用双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术,观察术中平均超声乳化能量、时间、术后视力和手术并发症,并分析对比术后第1周、第1个月及第3个月的角膜内皮计数。结果两组病例术中超声乳化能量及时间差异有显著性(P<0.05),研究组平均超声能量为11.5%,平均超声时间为(0.68±0.62)min,术后第1天、第1周及第1个月时,裸眼视力≥0.5的术眼分别占51.85%、81.48%及90.47%,术后第1个月最佳矫正视力≥0.5和0.8者占88.98%及74.07%。所有术眼术中前房稳定,无切口热损伤,术后并发症主要为后囊破裂2眼(占3.70%),轻度虹膜损伤4眼(占7.40%);术后第1周,研究组平均角膜内皮密度明显高于对照组,术后第1个月及第3个月平均角膜内皮密度差异则无显著性。结论双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术是一种新型的手术方法,具有安全、有效、微创的临床特点。     

个体化控制软件系统在双手微小切口白内障超声乳化术中的应用

目的探讨应用个体化控制软件系统(customized control system software,CCS)进行双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术的优越性.方法随机选择104例患者,分为两组,A组使用常规超声乳化吸除术,B组应用个体控制软件系统(CCS)行双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术,观察术中平均超声能量、时间,术后视力.结果两组病例中乳化能量及时间差异显著(P＜0.05),B组平均超声能量11.5%,平均超声时间0.68±0.62min,术后1 d,1wk及1个月时,裸眼视力≥0.5的术眼分别占51.85%、81.48%、90.47%,术后1个月最佳矫正视力≥0.5和0.8者占88.98%和74.07%.结论应用个体化控制软件系统(CCS)进行双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术是安全有效的.     

双手微小切口白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术临床疗效观察

目的探讨双手微小切口白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术在青光眼白内障联合手术中的疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2008年09月～2010年06月行双手微小切口白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术的30例患者的临床资料,观察手术后眼压、视力变化和并发症情况。结果 30眼中0.02～0.1者3眼（10.00%）;0.1～0.3者8眼（26.67%）;0.3～0.5者12眼（40%）;0.5～0.8者5眼（16.67%）,其中〉1.0者2眼（6.66%）;术后平均眼压稳定在（13.57±3.31）mmHg;术后出现角膜水肿2眼,虹膜反应和晶状体前渗出膜6眼,后囊膜混浊3眼,经积极治疗后明显改善。结论微小切口白内障超声乳化联合青光眼小梁切除手术对急性闭角型青光眼疗效较为确切,虽然也存在一定的并发症,但及时处理并发症,仍可获得满意疗效,是一种理想的手术方式。     

小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术与超声乳化吸除术的疗效观察

目的通过比较小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术与超声乳化白内障吸除术，探讨更适合在基层医院以及医疗扶贫行动中推广应用的手术方法。方法抽取200例（200只眼）白内障患者，其中小切口非超声乳化手术118例（118只眼），超声乳化吸除术82例（82只眼）。对比观察两种手术术后视力恢复情况、术中术后的并发症，以及两种手术方法的手术成本。结果小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术及超声乳化白内障吸除术在术后视力、术中术后并发症和患者满意度在远期均无显著差异，而手术成本小切口非超声乳化术明显低于超声乳化吸除术。结论小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术更适合在基层医院以及医疗扶贫行动中推广应用。     

超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的：探讨双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者65例70眼,术后随访3~12mo,观察视力、眼压及并发症的发生。
　　结果：术后患者视力≤0.1者2眼,>0.1~0.3者6眼,0.4~0.8者60眼,≥1.0者2眼,术后眼压在正常范围内(<21mmHg)者69眼,1眼术后出现浅前房,经治疗改善。
　　结论：双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障手术成功率高,疗效佳,是一种理想的手术方式。     

双手法微切口超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的临床效果评价

目的 比较双手法微切口超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术与常规同轴小切口超卢乳化白内障吸除联合人工品状体植入手术的临床效果.方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究,将280例(280只眼)白内障患者采用随机数字表法分为两组,分别行双手法微切口超卢乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术(微切口组,146只眼)和常规小切门超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术(小切口组,134只眼).分别记录两组超声乳化所用的超声乳化时间和平均功率,计算绝对超卢乳化时间(绝对超声乳化时间=超声乳化时间×平均功率),检查患者术后1 d和3个月的视力、角膜厚度、角膜内皮细胞计数及房水闪光值,以矢量法计算两组患者术后3个月的手术源性散光,并观察手术并发症.采用两均数t检验和χ2检验分别对计量资料和计数资料进行统计学分析.结果 微切口组的超卢乳化时间、平均功率以及绝对超声乳化时间分别为(0.76±0.36)min、10.93%±4.78%及(8.99±7.23)min,均明显低于小切口组(F=4.649,30.072,21.837;P＜0.05).术后3个月,微切口组的手术源性散光[(0.37±0.32)D]显著低于小切口组[(1.28±0.77)D],两组比较差异有统计学意义(F=68.331,P=0.000).两组术后1 d和3个月的视力、房水闪光值、角膜内皮丢失率和角膜增厚程度的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 双手法微切口超声乳化白内障吸除术可以降低超声能量释放,提高乳化效率,并可减少手术源性散光,提高手术疗效;但与传统同轴小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术相比,并未能进一步减少眼内组织损伤和炎性反应.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.