宫腔镜直视下活检及分段诊刮术对子宫内膜癌的诊断意义研究

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨宫腔镜直视下活检及分段诊刮术对子宫内膜癌的诊断意义。［方法］子宫内膜癌患者300例随机分为观察组（153例）与对照组（147例）,观察组行宫腔镜直视下活检及分段诊刮术,对照组行单纯分段诊刮术,观察两组术前病理诊断的准确性,宫颈受累诊断的可靠性,腹腔冲洗液细胞检测的阳性情况。［结果］ 观察组诊断准确性为96.73%,明显高于对照组的90.48% (P<0.05);观察组宫颈受累诊断准确性为87.50%,明显高于对照组55.56%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组腹腔冲洗液细胞学检测阳性者6例,阳性率为3.92%;对照组细胞学检测阳性者5例,阳性率为3.40%,两组相比较差异无统计学意义 (P>0. 05)。［结论］宫腔镜直视下活检及分段诊刮术可明显提高病理诊断和宫颈受累情况诊断的准确性,值得临床推广。     

子宫内膜活检方法对子宫内膜癌手术前后诊断差异的影响

目的探讨子宫内膜活检方法对子宫内膜癌手术前后诊断差异的影响。方法回顾性分析136例术前诊断为子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料,包括术前临床分期、手术-病理分期、术后病理诊断。结果单纯分段诊刮术组(A组)70例手术前后病理诊断符合率82.9,子宫腔镜辅助下分段诊刮术组(B组)66例手术前后病理诊断符合率92.4,两组比较差异有统计学意义;A组和B组手术前后分期诊断符合率比较差异有统计学意义。结论子宫腔镜辅助下分段诊刮术诊断子宫内膜癌安全、可靠,优于单纯分段诊刮术。     

子宫内膜癌及癌前病变手术前后诊断符合率的探讨

目的探讨子宫内膜癌及癌前病变手术前后诊断符合率,以期正确分期并制定治疗方案及手术范围.方法回顾性分析经手术治疗的子宫内膜癌和癌前病变147例临床和病理资料,术前行分段诊刮、常规诊刮、阴道B超、子宫腔镜下活检、CT检测,进行术前病理诊断及临床分期,术中剖视子宫判断肌层浸润深度和子宫颈受累情况,并与术后病理诊断比较.结果癌前病变在手术前后的诊断符合率为51.4%,内膜癌Ⅰ期72.3%,Ⅱ期50.0%,Ⅲ期12.5%,Ⅳ期0%.术前B超诊断子宫腔病变的敏感率为98.7%,内膜癌的符合率75.5%,子宫颈累及和子宫肌层浸润符合率分别为39.2%和36.5%.诊刮符合率为86.8%,分段诊刮对子宫颈受累符合率为73.9%.术中剖视判断子宫颈受累及深浅肌层浸润符合率为62.9%、40.7%和82.4%.术前子宫腔镜下活检符合率为100.0%.CT检查可正确诊断肌层浸润的深度(7/7)和腹腔脏器及淋巴结转移(3/3).结论对于40岁以上不规则阴道出血和月经紊乱者,应常规B超检查及子宫腔镜下分段诊刮,可提高内膜癌及癌前病变的诊断符合率.对于内膜癌患者行CT检查,可了解肌层浸润深度及腹腔脏器和淋巴结转移情况,术中标本剖视检查子宫颈及肌层浸润情况,并快速冰冻病理再次确诊子宫颈和子宫肌层浸润程度及组织学类型、分级,确定手术范围,进行合理治疗.     

子宫内膜癌手术前后病理结果对照

 目的 探讨超声与诊断性刮宫在诊断子宫内膜癌中的作用，以期正确分期并制定治疗方案及手术范围。方法 对该院2000年至2004年收治的子宫内膜癌52例的超声及诊断性刮宫和手术后病理标本进行回顾性分析。结果 术前超声诊断子宫内膜癌的符合率为73.1 ％；子宫颈累及、子宫肌层浸润符合率为34.6 ％和32.7 ％；诊刮符合率为84.6 ％；分段诊刮对子宫颈受累符合率为72.3 ％；术中剖视判断子宫颈受累及深浅肌层浸润深度符合率为60.3 ％、39 ％和80.4 ％。结论 对于40岁以上不规则阴道出血和月经紊乱者，应常规超声检查及配合诊刮或宫腔镜检查则可提高内膜癌的诊断符合率，对患者的诊断和治疗均有益。     

宫腔镜检查结合诊刮在子宫恶性肿瘤早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨宫腔镜检查结合诊刮在子宫恶性肿瘤早期诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析我院61例子宫恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料,将单纯分段诊刮组和宫腔镜检查结合分段诊刮组术前、术后临床分期及术后手术病理分期进行对照分析。结果单纯诊刮的患者23例诊断为子宫恶性肿瘤,诊断符合率为76.7%,其中临床诊断为Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期的病例术后经病理证实诊断符合率为70.5%、50.0%;宫腔镜检查结合分段诊刮组30例诊断为子宫恶性肿瘤,诊断符合率96.8%,临床诊断为Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期诊断符合率为95.2%、77.8%。2组诊断符合率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论宫腔镜检查结合分段诊刮可以提高子宫恶性肿瘤早期诊断率的准确性。     

MRI、分段诊刮及宫腔镜下刮宫诊断子宫内膜癌宫颈间质浸润效能比较

目的:比较子宫内膜癌患者术前盆腔MRI、分段诊刮、宫腔镜下刮宫结果与术后病理符合率,探讨三种术前检查方法在子宫内膜癌宫颈间质浸润诊断中的价值。方法:回顾2015年1月至 2019年10月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院妇科病房经手术病理证实的1 025例子宫内膜癌患者病例资料,对术前盆腔MRI、分段诊刮、宫腔镜下刮宫及术后病理结果等资料进行回顾性分析,比较手术前后各术前检查方案判断宫颈间质浸润的诊断指标及一致性。结果:MRI检查的阳性预测值（55.26%）、阴性预测值（93.72%）、符合率（90.03%）及约登指数（0.43）均高于分段诊刮（47.83%、87.50%、66.28%、0.408）及宫腔镜下刮宫（41.67%、92.52%、89.89%、0.20）。MRI检查与术后病理的一致性（κ=0.460）高于分段诊断性刮宫（κ=0.343）与宫腔镜下刮宫（κ=0.249）。分段诊刮判断子宫内膜癌宫颈间质浸润的误诊率达40.68%,宫腔镜下刮宫的漏诊率达76.74%。各术前检查方案中,MRI联合宫腔镜下刮宫检查的术前临床分期与手术病理分期相符率最高,I期96.07%,II期86.67%。结论:宫腔镜可直视宫颈部位有无异常,而MRI检查可在此基础上进一步判断宫颈间质浸润的情况,临床工作中应重视盆腔MRI检查联合宫腔镜下刮宫对子宫内膜癌患者术前分期的必要性。     

宫腔镜在绝经后子宫出血诊断中的应用价值

目的:比较宫腔镜检查及诊断性刮宫对绝经后子宫出血(PMB)的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析177例PMB患者临床资料,按诊查方法分为宫腔镜检查组96例(先行宫腔镜下诊断,再行镜下定位活检)和诊断性刮宫组81例(先行分段诊断性刮宫,再行宫腔镜活检)。比较两者与最终病理结果的符合率。结果:绝经后子宫出血的原因依次为,萎缩性子宫内膜56例(31.6%),子宫内膜息肉36例(20.3%),子宫内膜增生症21例(11.9%),增生/分泌期子宫内膜18例(10.2%),子宫内膜癌17例(9.6%),子宫内膜炎15例(8.5%),子宫黏膜下肌瘤14例(7.9%)。宫腔镜检查组和分段诊断性刮宫组的诊断与病理结果的总符合率为89.6%(86/96)和67.9%(55/81),差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:宫腔镜检查安全可靠,诊断宫腔内病变准确率高,结合镜下定位活检可早期发现子宫内膜癌,优于传统诊刮术,是绝经后子宫出血的首选检查方法。     

分段诊刮诊断子宫内膜癌临床价值的初步探讨

回顾分析我院收治的50例子宫内膜癌患者,比较分析患者术前的分段诊刮和术后子宫病理,判断肿瘤细胞分级的符合率。分段诊刮和术后子宫病理在G3和≥1/2子宫肌层浸润子宫内膜癌患者保持较高的符合率。与术后病理比较,分段诊刮诊断子宫内膜癌肿瘤细胞组织学级别被降低。1临床资料1.     

分段诊刮与核磁共振术前诊断子宫内膜癌宫颈浸润的比较

背景与目的：以往子宫内膜癌宫颈浸润术前诊断依据分段诊断性刮宫得出,而其方法的可靠性受到质疑。因此本文旨在提高术前诊断子宫内膜癌宫颈浸润的准确性,减少手术过治或手术不到位的状况,为制定最佳治疗方案提供依据。方法：术前同时接受分段诊刮（dilatations and curettages,D＆C）和核磁共振成像（MRI）,术后组织病理诊断。其中被任意一项检查方式诊断为宫颈受累的子宫内膜癌患者共34例。分段诊刮、MRI的诊断结果分别与术后组织病理诊断进行比较,比较分析两种方法判断子宫内膜癌宫颈浸润的敏感性、特异性及准确率。结果：34例中手术临床病理分期Ⅱ期即宫颈浸润21例,分段诊刮诊断符合率26.5%、MRI为80%,其敏感性、特异性、准确率MRI显著优于分段诊刮。结论：盆腔MRI并增强检查作为术前判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润和宫颈浸润之首选,可作为制定治疗方案的可靠依据之一。     

108例子宫内膜癌临床分析

目的探讨子宫内膜癌的临床特点、伴随症状及早期诊断的重要性。方法对10余年来收治的108例子宫内膜癌进行回顾性分析。结果患者年龄30~78岁,绝经后发病率占总数的77·8%。诊断以分段诊刮细胞学检查为主,辅以B超、宫腔镜检查以明确诊断;治疗以手术为主。近年来,阴道B超、磁共振、腹腔冲洗液及冰冻切片检查对制定合理的治疗方案及判断预后有重要作用。结论由于子宫内膜癌发病率有上升趋势,在妇科肿瘤中占有重要地位,子宫内膜癌应和宫颈癌一样引入妇女特别是老年妇女的普查重点之一。     

Peritoneal lavage with distilled water during liver resection in patients with spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinomas

Spontaneously rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma is a life threatening and worse prognosis. Not only the lower rate of resection and hemodynamic unstable, but also the hepatic failure and recurrence. Distilled water irrigation had been applied in several cancer surgeries including colon, stomach, breast, ovary, and bladder; thus had good results in lowering the tumor spreading. We applied distilled water peritoneal lavage after liver resection in patients with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma to define the influence of prognosis. Thirteen patients with spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma underwent distilled water peritoneal lavage after curative liver resection (Group A). Nineteen patients with spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma did not undergo distilled water peritoneal lavage after curative liver resection (Group B). There were 11 patients of tumor recurrence in Group B; 2 in Group A. The mean disease-free time of Group B was 2.05 +/- 0.74 years; for Group A it was 3.59 +/- 0.60 (P = 0.045). Peritoneal lavage in this series resulted in significantly better survival time for the patients in Group A (P = 0.0158). That implies distilled water peritoneal lavage during liver resection would retard the tumor recurrence and further improve the survival rate in patients with spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma.     

Adenocarcinoma corpus et colli: analysis of diagnostic variables

Between January 1973 and December 1983, 469 patients with carcinoma of the endometrium were seen at this institution. Eighty-one patients were identified with adenocarcinoma involving both the uterine body and the cervix. Patients were divided into three groups for evaluation. Group A (n = 58) had a positive cervical biopsy or endocervical curettage, but a normal-appearing cervix at clinical examination. Group B (n = 18) had gross tumor involving the cervix which was confirmed by biopsy. Group C (n = 5) had unsuspected cervical involvement revealed at hysterectomy. Fourteen Group A patients received preoperative radiation therapy. Thirty of the 44 Group A patients (68.2%) who did not receive preoperative radiation, had no involvement of the cervix by tumor in the hysterectomy specimen. Seventy-six patients were eligible for follow-up of at least 18 months. There were 24 recurrences among these 76 patients. Recurrence was more common with advancing grade and with increasing myometrial invasion. Pelvic failures occurred with comparable frequency in both Groups A and B. Only 4 of 11 patients who were found to have extrauterine disease at surgery are still alive. In this study, we found that endocervical curettage has a significant false-positive rate, both histologic grade and volume of cervical involvement should be considered in treatment planning, primary operation should be considered in the management of selected patients with Stage II endometrial carcinoma, and extrauterine disease is a grave prognostic factor.     

Nature of cervical involvement in endometrial carcinoma

In patients with endometrial carcinoma the prognostic significance of clinical and histopathologic variants of cervical involvement is unknown. Fifty-eight patients with endometrial carcinoma and cervical involvement diagnosed by gross examination or endocervical curettage are reviewed. Three clinicopathologic groups were identified: gross cervical involvement (10 patients), occult stromal invasion (25), and no evidence of stromal invasion (23). There were no differences in clinical, pathologic, surgical, or therapeutic characteristics. There was no significant difference in actuarial 5-year survival rates between patients with gross cervical involvement (70%) and occult disease (65%). There was also no significant difference in survival rates among patients with occult cervical stromal invasion (67%). The presence of cervical involvement in endometrial carcinoma is an important prognostic factor. However, the extent of cervical involvement does not appear to be of significant prognostic value.     

临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的手术切除范围及预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌行不同手术切除范围治疗的临床意义,及其预后影响因素.方法 收集135例临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的临床病理资料,其中行全子宫切除+双附件切除57例(A组),行次广泛或广泛性子宫切除+双附件切除78例(B组),比较两组患者的临床病理指标,并分析患者预后的影响因素.结果 两组患者在手术病理分期、病理类型、病理分级、肌层浸润、脉管癌栓、卵巢浸润、淋巴结转移、腹腔冲洗液细胞学检查以及术后辅助治疗方面,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).A组中位手术时间为105 min,术中中位出血量为150 ml,中位输血量为0 ml,术后中位住院天数为12 d,B组中位手术时间为145 min,术中中位出血量为300 ml,中位输血量为0 ml,术后中位住院天数为13 d,两组差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).A组总的手术并发症发生率为15.8%,B组为26.9%(P>0.05).A组复发率为14.0%,B组为6.4%(P>0.05).A组5年生存率为76.9%,B组为85.8%(P>0.05).多因素分析显示,卵巢是否浸润、腹腔冲洗液足否阳性、病理分级和肌层浸润程度是Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者预后的独立影响因素.结论 手术切除范围不是影响临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者预后的重要因素,扩大的手术切除范围并不改善预后,应避免过度手术.     

Prognostic significance of detection of microscopic peritoneal disease in colorectal cancer: A systematic review

BackgroundFree intraperitoneal tumour cells are an independent indicator of poor prognosis, and are encorporated in current staging systems in upper gastrointestinal cancers, but not colorectal cancer. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the role and prognostic significance of positive peritoneal lavage in colorectal cancer.MethodsA search was undertaken of PUBMED/Medline and Cochrane databases for English language articles from 1990 to 2012 using a predefined search strategy. Both detection of free tumour cells and/or detection of tumour-associated antigens in peritoneal lavage fluid were considered a positive lavage. Primary endpoints were rates of positive lavage, recurrence and survival.ResultsOf 3805 articles identified by title, 18 met inclusion criteria (n = 3197 patients, 59.5% colon, 40.5% rectal cancer). There was heterogeneity across studies in method of detection of peritoneal disease with 7 studies using more than one method (conventional cytology (14 studies), immunological techniques (6 studies), molecular techniques (4 studies)). The rate of positive lavage varied from 2.1% to 52% across studies, with a weighted mean rate of positive lavage of 13.17% overall (95% CI 12.74–13.59). In 10 studies (n = 2017) positive peritoneal lavage was associated with worse survival, and with increased recurrence in 12 (n = 2371). Clinicopathological factors frequently associated with positive lavage included macroscopic peritoneal disease, increasing tumour stage and nodal disease.ConclusionPositive peritoneal lavage is a negative prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. However, its utility in staging colorectal cancer is currently limited by wide variation in rates of positive lavage between studies due to differences in methods of peritoneal lavage fluid analysis.     

负压型子宫内膜取样器与分段诊刮术对子宫内膜癌患者宫颈受累的诊断价值

目的探讨负压型子宫内膜取样器与分段诊刮术对子宫内膜癌患者宫颈受累的诊断价值。方法采用随机数字表法将接受手术治疗的88例子宫内膜癌患者分为对照组和观察组,每组44例。对照组患者采用分段诊刮术,观察组患者采用负压型子宫内膜取样器,比较两种方法对宫颈受累的诊断效能、子宫内膜组织取样出血量、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、样本质量及取样满意度。结果以术后病理诊断结果为金标准,采用负压型子宫内膜取样器诊断宫颈受累的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、约登指数、诊断符合率均高于分段诊刮术,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),误诊率、漏诊率均低于分段诊刮术,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者子宫内膜组织取样出血量明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);观察组患者的VAS评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);两组患者的样本质量比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。观察组患者的取样满意度为90.91%,高于对照组的79.55%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论负压型子宫内膜取样器对子宫内膜癌患者宫颈受累具有较高的诊断效能,且能够有效降低患者的子宫出血量和疼痛程度,提高患者满意度。     

Abdominal radiotherapy for cancer of the uterine cervix and endometrium

From 1973 through 1985, 49 women received postoperative open-field whole abdominal radiotherapy as primary management for peritoneal metastases from uterine cancer. The 5-year relapse-free rate was 63% in women with endometrial carcinoma, and two prognostic subsets were identified. Five-year relapse-free rates fell from 77% in women with spread to the adnexa or peritoneal fluid to 36% in women with macroscopic spread of cancer beyond the adnexa. Any peritoneal spread of cervical carcinoma yielded a 3-year relapse-free rate of 31%. Although abdominal spread of cervical cancer was associated with other poor prognostic factors, peritoneal metastases frequently occurred in otherwise early endometrial cancer. Four percent of patients developed small bowel obstruction requiring surgical intervention. The utility and limitations of whole abdominal radiation are discussed.     

Prognostic significance of peritoneal lavage cytology in gastric cancer in Singapore

Background Peritoneal lavage cytology has been included as part of the staging process in the 13th edition of the Japanese Classification of Gastric Cancer. However, this procedure has neither been studied nor established in our population. We aimed to evaluate its prognostic relevance among our patients with gastric cancer. Methods A total of 142 consecutive patients with gastric carcinoma were recruited prospectively. All had histologically proven gastric carcinomas and had undergone laparotomy and intraoperative peritoneal lavage for cytological examination at Singapore General Hospital. The fluid recovered was centrifuged and stained by the Papanicolau method. All patients were followed up with endpoints of cancer recur-rence and mortality. Results There were 91 men and 51 women; 36 patients (25.4%) had positive peritoneal lavage. Patients with advanced macroscopic features, presence of vascular invasion, nodal involvement, advanced depth of tumor invasion and metastatic disease tended to have positive lavage, by univariate logistic regression analysis. Despite curative resections, patients with positive cytology had a more dismal disease-free survival (mean, 27 months vs 53 months; P < 0.0001 by log rank test) and higher recurrence rate (54.5% vs 19.3%; P = 0.007 by log rank test). There was also a trend towards earlier recurrences (median, 8 months vs 11 months; P = 0.37). By multivariate Cox regression stepwise analysis, advanced depth of tumor invasion and positive lavage cytology were found to be independent poor prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Conclusion Positive peritoneal lavage cytology correlated well with advanced features of gastric cancer. It is an independent poor prognostic factor and the procedure should be routinely performed. Integration of lavage status into our current staging systems may serve as a guide for adjuvant therapeutic options to improve the survival of gastric cancer in our population.     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cervical and endometrial cancers: a feasibility study

The sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been proposed for the cancers of the uterus in order to optimize the diagnosis of lymphatic metastases and micrometastases in early stage tumors. Patients with early invasive cervical (n = 8) or endometrial (n = 15) cancers were enrolled. A lymphoscintigraphy was carried out before the intervention. Intraoperative SLN identification was performed with blue dye combined to a handheld gamma probe detection. Non-sentinel pelvic nodes were separately cleared out. SLNs were examined with frozen sections, permanent sections with hematoxylin-eosin staining and further serial sections with immunohistochemistry if negative. Six cervical cancer patients and 13 endometrial cancer patients had a positive lymphoscintigraphy, showing in 5 patients extra-iliac SLN(s). The intraoperative detection was successful in 6 cervical cancer patients and 14 endometrial cancer patients. The higher detection rate was obtained with the isotopic method. Most of the SLNs were ilio-obturator. Four endometrial cancer patients had a lymphatic spread, only involving the SLN in each case. No false negative SLN has been noted. SLN biopsy appears feasible in cervical and endometrial cancers. This procedure could improve the lymphatic evaluation of these cancers.     

子宫内膜癌与宫颈癌淋巴结转移分布的比较

目的:分析子宫内膜癌淋巴结转移模式并比较子宫内膜癌与宫颈癌淋巴结转移分布的不同.方法:回顾性分析接受系统的盆腔和腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除的104例子宫内膜癌以及253例宫颈癌患者淋巴结转移情况,比较二者的不同.结果:与宫颈癌相比,子宫内膜癌淋巴结转移率较高(22.1%vs 16.2%),并且子宫内膜癌的淋巴结转移与病理分级(G_1:12.1%;G_2:21.4%;G_3:34.5%)、肌层浸润深度(≤1/2:11.9%>1/2:29%)有关;子宫内膜癌单纯盆腔淋巴结转移率偏低(34.8% vs 68.3%),单纯腹腔淋巴结转移率偏高(4.3%vs 0),盆腹淋巴结共同受累的发生率偏高(60.9%vs 31.7%).宫颈癌中腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的患者100%有盆腔淋巴结转移,而内膜癌93.3%的腹主动脉旁淋巴结阳性的患者有盆腔淋巴结转移.内膜癌与宫颈癌最易受累淋巴结均为闭孔淋巴结(内膜癌:73.9%、宫颈癌:70.7%),受累最少的均为腹股沟淋巴结(内膜癌:8.7%、宫颈癌:7.3%),与宫颈癌相比,子宫内膜癌腹主动脉旁淋巴结(65.2%vs 31.7%)、骶前淋巴结(21.7%vs 17.1%)的受累几率较高,而髂外淋巴结受累的几率偏低(17.4%vs 41.5%).结论:子宫内膜癌淋巴结转移方式不同于宫颈癌,虽然内膜癌主要向盆腔淋巴结转移,但是仍然存在直接向腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的病例并且各病理分级的内膜癌均有淋巴结转移的可能.