脑胶质瘤周围区的~1H-MRS研究

目的应用多体素氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)探讨胶质瘤周围区脑代谢改变的特点,评价多体素1H-MRS在胶质瘤周围区的应用价值。方法23例病理证实的脑胶质瘤病人分为低级别组(WHOⅠ～Ⅱ级)13例和高级别组(WHOⅢ～Ⅳ级)10例,所有病例术前均行多体素1H-MRS检查,测量肿瘤实质区、周围区及对侧正常脑组织区代谢产物的相对定量,进行统计学比较。结果多体素1H-MRS显示高级别胶质瘤的周围区与实质区NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho值差异有统计学意义(P值均为0.00)。高级别胶质瘤周围区与对侧正常脑组织区NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho、Glx/Cr值差异均有统计学意义(P值均为0.00);低级别胶质瘤周围区与实质区NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho值差异均有统计学意义(P值均为0.00);低级别胶质瘤周围区与对侧正常脑组织区Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho值差异均有统计学意义(P值分别为0.02、0.00);高级别与低级别胶质瘤实质区NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr、Glx/Cr值差异均有统计学意义(P值分别为0.00、0.00、0.03、0.00);高级别与低级别胶质瘤周...     

3.0T 1H-MRS在颅内常见肿瘤中的应用研究

目的 探讨3.0 T氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)对颅内常见肿瘤诊断、鉴别诊断、评价治疗效果及在胶质瘤分级中的价值.资料与方法选取经手术病理或临床确诊的69例颅内肿瘤患者.采用GE Signa EXCITE HD3.0T超导型MR扫描仪对所有患者行颅脑常规MRI扫描和二维多体素序列扫描.采用Functool软件包后处理,分别测定病变实质、病变周围及健侧相应区域的胆碱(Cho)/肌酸(Cr)、Cho/N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、NAA/Cr比值及肌醇(MI)值的变化,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 (1)实质区:低级别胶质瘤的Cho/Cr值与高级别胶质瘤、转移瘤及脑膜瘤间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);低级别胶质瘤与高级别胶质瘤、脑膜瘤的Cho/NAA比值分别比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05),转移瘤与高级别胶质瘤、脑膜瘤的Cho/NAA比值分别比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05);低级别胶质瘤NAA/Cr比值与高级别胶质瘤、转移瘤分别比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05),转移瘤与脑膜瘤比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05);低级别胶质瘤的MI值与高级别胶质瘤、转移瘤及脑膜瘤分别比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)瘤周水肿区:高级别胶质瘤Cho/Cr比值与另外三者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),低级别胶质瘤Cho/Cr比值与转移瘤、脑膜瘤分别比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);低级别胶质瘤Cho/NAA比值与转移瘤、脑膜瘤分别比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),高级别胶质瘤与转移瘤、脑膜瘤分别比较有统计学意义;低级别胶质瘤与高级别胶质瘤NAA/Cr比值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各肿瘤瘤周水肿区MI值比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 1H-MRS在鉴别诊断颅内肿瘤中有重要价值,可较准确显示肿瘤瘤周浸润情况,结合其他影像征象对胶质瘤分级诊断亦有重要价值.     

3．0T磁共振多体素^1H-MRS和DWI对常见脑肿瘤特征分析的价值

目的：探讨3．0T磁共振多体素^1H-MRS及DWI在常见颅内肿瘤特征分析的价值。方法：脑肿瘤患者30例,多体素^1H-MRS感兴趣区包括肿瘤实质区、瘤周水肿区及正常参照区。计算上述各区域的NAA、Cho、Cr等多种代谢物的值;DWI测量肿瘤不同部位信号值,计算ADC值。结果：胶质瘤、转移瘤、脑膜瘤三者之间肿瘤实质区的NAA／Cho、NAA／Cr和Cho／Cr平均值与参照区比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;高、低级别胶质瘤间瘤周水肿区的NAA／Cho和Cho／Cr具有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,高级别胶质瘤与转移瘤间瘤周水肿区的NAA／Cho、NAA／Cr和Cho／Cr均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。DWI示高、低级别胶质瘤间肿瘤实质区及瘤周水肿区的ADC值均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;高级别胶质瘤与转移瘤间瘤周水肿区的ADC值有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：多体素^1H-MRS与DWI相结合有助于脑肿瘤的特征分析、胶质瘤恶性程度分级、确定病灶浸润范围等。     

~1H-MRS在脑胶质瘤诊断及分级中的应用

目的:分析脑胶质瘤的氢质子磁共振波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)表现及其临床意义;探讨脑胶质瘤的1H-MRS特点与其病理级别相关性。方法:搜集经临床手术、病理证实的脑胶质瘤38例,按照WHO分级(2000)标准分成两组:低级别脑胶质瘤组、高级别脑胶质瘤组。所有患者在术前行1H-MRS检查,均在MR非增强成像的基础上获得。使用GE Signa1.5T超导磁共振扫描仪,多体素扫描,点分辨选择波谱法,检测不同区域代谢物变化。结果:脑胶质瘤的1H-MRS表现:肌酸(Cr)无明显变化;N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)下降,胆碱(Cho)增高,变化的程度由肿瘤级别高低决定;低级别、高级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织分别和对侧正常脑组织的NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho比值存在显著性差异(P<0.01);低级别脑胶质瘤和高级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织的NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho比值有统计学意义(P<0.05),脑胶质瘤的NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr比值与病理级别相关。结论:1H-MRS与MRI相结合能提高脑胶质瘤术前诊断的准确性。1H-MRS可评价脑胶质瘤的分级,反映脑胶质瘤代谢特性以及肿瘤生长潜能。     

~1H-MRS在亚急性脑梗死与低级别脑胶质瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨二维多体素氢质子磁共振波谱(2D1 H-MRS)在亚急性脑梗死与低级别脑胶质瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 20例亚急性脑梗死患者及22例低级别脑胶质瘤患者接受了2D1 H-MRS检查,观察亚急性脑梗死与低级别脑胶质瘤2D1 H-MRS胆碱峰(Cho)、肌酸峰(Cr)、N-乙酰天门冬氨酸峰(NAA)及乳酸峰(Lac)的变化,并统计分析Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho比值。结果与对侧或邻近相对正常脑组织比较,亚急性脑梗死病例Cho峰呈轻度降低或升高,低级别脑胶质瘤病例Cho峰升高,两组病例NAA峰均不同程度降低,Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho三个比值在亚急性脑梗死与低级别脑胶质瘤之间的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2D1 H-MRS在亚急性脑梗死与低级别脑胶质瘤的鉴别诊断中有重要的临床应用价值。     

颅内胶质瘤和转移瘤的磁共振波谱和弥散成像研究

目的:探讨颅内胶质瘤和转移瘤肿瘤强化区域和肿瘤周围区域的1H-MRS和弥散成像特点及其对于鉴别诊断的意义。方法:34例颅内肿瘤患者(其中低级别胶质瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级10例,高级别胶质瘤Ⅲ～Ⅳ级13例,转移瘤11例)均行常规MRI,DWI,多体素MRS检查。DWI的观察指标是ADC值;MRS主要观察的代谢物有:氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA),胆碱复合物(Cho),肌酸(Cr/PCr),计算NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,NAA/Cho比值。采用SPSS10.0软件进行统计学比较。结果:①DWI的检查结果:低级别胶质瘤肿瘤强化区域的ADC值较另外两者高,且有统计学意义;高级别胶质瘤肿瘤周围区域的ADC值最低,与另外两者有显著差异。其余之间没有统计学意义;②MRS的检查结果:高级别胶质瘤和转移瘤肿瘤强化区域各比值之间没有显著差异(P>0.05),且二者与低级别胶质瘤相比有显著差异性(P<0.05);高级别胶质瘤肿瘤周围组织出现NAA/Cr与NAA/Cho降低,Cho/Cr升高,且与转移瘤和低级别胶质瘤肿瘤周围组织相比均有显著差异性(P<0.05)。结论:结合肿瘤强化区域与肿瘤周围区域的磁共振波谱和DWI可以对胶质瘤和转移瘤起到鉴别诊断作用。     

磁共振DTI和多体素~1H-MRS在胶质瘤术前分级中的联合应用

目的探讨MR弥散张量成像(DTI)和多体素氢质子MR波谱(~1H-MRS)在胶质瘤术前分级诊断中的临床联合应用价值。方法回顾分析我院经病理证实的38例胶质瘤术前常规MR、DTI和~1H-MRS资料,其中低级别胶质瘤(LGG,WHO Ⅱ级)15例,高级别胶质瘤(HGG,WHO Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)23例。以肿瘤周围脑实质为种子点重建弥散张量纤维束成像(DTT)图。测量肿瘤实质区(TT)、瘤周区(AT)以及对侧正常脑组织区(CT)的各项异性指数(FA)、平均弥散系数(MD)和胆碱(Cho)/肌酸(Cr)、Cho/N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、NAA/Cr值。比较组内同一参数在不同组织间差异,并比较各参数值在两组间的差异。结果 DTT显示HGG的TT和AT区白质纤维束以破坏为主(19/23,82.6%),LGG以浸润为主(13/15,86.7%)。HGG组由TT、AT至CT区FA、MD、NAA/Cr逐渐增高,Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA逐渐降低(P0.05)。LGG组TT区FA、MD、NAA/Cr低于AT和CT区,Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA相反(P0.05)。HGG组TT和AT区MD、NAA/Cr均低于LGG组,Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA均高于LGG组(P0.05)。HGG组FA值仅在AT区低于LGG组(P0.05)。结论临床可联合应用DTI和多体素~1H-MRS各参数对胶质瘤术后进行分级诊断,从而有助于及时合理的选择个体化治疗方案。     

磁共振氢质子波谱对脑肿瘤瘤周水肿的临床应用研究

目的:探讨氢质子磁共振波谱在脑肿瘤瘤周水肿评价中的临床应用价值。材料和方法:对55例脑肿瘤及炎性病变行常规MRI扫描和1H-MRS检查,将距肿瘤强化外缘1cm以内区域划为近侧瘤周水肿区,1cm以外者为远侧瘤周水肿区。分析病变实质、周围水肿以及正常脑组织各代谢物比值,即Cho/NAA、Cho/Cr、Cho/nCho。结果:高级别胶质瘤瘤周水肿可见Cho升高、NAA正常或降低,其近侧瘤周水肿Cho/NAA值高于低级别胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、转移瘤和炎性病变(P<0.01),其近侧瘤周水肿Cho/NAA也高于远侧瘤周水肿(P<0.01)。高级别胶质瘤近、远侧瘤周水肿Cho/Cr值均高于低级别胶质瘤、脑膜瘤和炎性病变(P<0.05);同时其近侧瘤周水肿的Cho/Cr值也高于远侧(P<0.01)。结论:1H-MRS可显示胶质瘤瘤周浸润,其近侧瘤周水肿区Cho/NAA、Cho/Cr有助于高级别胶质瘤与其他肿瘤鉴别,也有助于胶质瘤分级诊断。     

肿瘤周围的~1H-MRS在常见颅脑肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨肿瘤周围的多体素氢质子磁共振波谱(1 H-MRS)在脑星形细胞瘤、脑转移瘤等颅内常见肿瘤中的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法收集本院经手术、活检病理证实的颅脑肿瘤患者66例。其中低级别星形细胞瘤(Ⅰ~Ⅱ级)19例,高级别星形细胞瘤(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)17例;脑转移瘤30例。采用美国GE公司3.0T MRI扫描仪对所有患者行颅脑常规MRI及1 H-MRS检查。检测、计算、分析肿瘤周围及健侧相应区域的生化代谢物及其比值,包括Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、NAA/Cr及MI,同时进行加以比较对照。结果高级别星形细胞瘤的瘤周水肿区Cho/Cr比值明显高于低级别星形细胞瘤、脑转移瘤(P0.05);其Cho/NAA比值明显高于低级别星形细胞瘤及脑转移瘤(P0.05)。低级别星形细胞瘤瘤周NAA/Cr比值明显高于高级别星形细胞瘤(P0.05)。低级别星形细胞瘤与脑转移瘤比较各代谢物比值均无统计学意义。MI值各肿瘤间比较无统计学意义。结论肿瘤周围的Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值对脑内低级别及高级别星形细胞瘤、脑转移瘤等的诊断及鉴别诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

探讨联合应用MRS和DWI在脑胶质瘤分级中的诊断价值

目的 探讨联合应用氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)相关代谢物和磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)的表观扩散系数(ADC)值在脑胶质瘤分级诊断中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的59例脑胶质瘤的MRS和DWI图像.按照WH0 2007标准,将病例分为两组:低级别胶质瘤组(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,24例)和高级别胶质瘤组(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,35例),测量并计算肿瘤实质区、健侧脑组织区代谢物及ADC值的相对值和比值,作统计学分析.结果 在59例脑胶质瘤中,rNAA、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho及rADC在低、高级别组胶质瘤比较中差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而rCho和rCr在两组胶质瘤比较中差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);经受试者工作特征曲线分析发现rNAA、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、rADC鉴别胶质瘤分级的曲线下面积＞0.5,MRS+ rADC鉴别胶质瘤分级的曲线下面积(0.956)＞单独运用MRS(0.893)或rADC的曲线下面积(0.805),MRS+ rADC诊断低、高级别胶质瘤的敏感性和特异性分别达88.6％、95.8％.结论 联合分析MRS参数(rNAA、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho)和DWI参数(rADC)对诊断胶质瘤分级具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可为临床治疗方案的制定及判断预后提供帮助.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.