胰岛素治疗局灶服缺血再藻注损伤的实验研究

目的：观察胰岛素地脑缺血再灌注伤的治疗作用并探讨其作用机制。方法：制备易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠（ＲＨＲＳＰ），用线栓法复制大脑中动脉组塞（ＭＣＡＯ）模型。实验一：造成缺血６ｈ再灌注１８ｈ，治疗组于不同时程使用胰岛素，测定脑梗死体积及脑水肿的变化。实验二：造成缺血２ｈ再灌１、３、５天，治疗组于灌注后立即使用胰岛素，采用ＴＵＮＥＬ法原位标记ＤＮＡ片段，检测ＴＵＮＥＬ阳性细胞的变化。结果：治疗组的梗死     

NOS抑制剂对缺血再灌注脑组织rCBF及白细胞浸润的 …

目的 应用非选择性ＮＯＳ抑制剂Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ和选择性ｉＮＯＳ抑制剂ＡＧ治疗鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注损伤，通过对脑梗死体积，ｒＣＢＦ和白细胞浸润程度的观察，研究探讨不同类型ＮＯＳ抑制剂治疗脑梗死的机制。方法 采用线栓法制作鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型，不同缺血及再灌注时间测定脑梗死体积，ｒＣＢＦ，缺血脑组织ＭＰＯ酶活性，结果 应用Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ（１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）不但障碍再灌注后ｒＣＢＦ的恢复，也增加缺     

胰岛素对局灶脑缺血c-jun基因表达的影响

目的观察不同剂量胰岛素对高血压大鼠局灶缺血脑组织ｃｊｕｎ基因表达的影响。方法以肾血管性高血压大鼠（ＲＨＲ）复制大脑中动脉闭塞（ＭＣＡＯ）模型，采用原位杂交技术检测不同剂量胰岛素组和对照组ＭＣＡＯ后３ｈ脑组织ｃｊｕｎ基因的表达。结果与对照组相比，在缺血侧广泛的大脑皮层，低剂量胰岛素组ｃｊｕｎｍＲＡＮ有统计学意义的增加（Ｐ＜００５），而较高剂量胰岛素组ｃｊｕｎｍＲＮＡ增加更为显著（Ｐ＜００１）。结论胰岛素促进缺血脑组织ｃｊｕｎ基因表达可能是其神经保护作用机制之一，而且这种作用呈剂量依赖性。     

局灶性脑缺血后脑内髓过氧化物酶活性观察

目的　探讨局灶性脑缺血后脑组织髓过氧化物酶（ＭＰＯ） 活性的测定方法,以及与缺血性损害的关系。方法　采用新型小鼠大脑中动脉线栓模型,检测不同缺血时间组梗塞体积及ＭＰＯ活性。结果　缺血１ ｈ 后再灌注２３ ｈ 组（ｔＭＣＡＯ）缺血灶体积明显小于缺血２４ ｈ 组（ｐＭＣＡＯ）;ＭＰＯ活性在各缺血组缺血侧明显高于对照侧和对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５）,ｐＭＣＡＯ 组缺血侧基底节区ＭＰＯ 活性显著高于ｔＭＣＡＯ 组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５） ,而两组缺血皮质区ＭＰＯ 活性则无显著差异。结论　本研究建立了局灶性脑缺血的ＭＰＯ活性测定方法,证明ＭＰＯ活性与缺血损伤间具有一定关系。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血后Bcl—2Bax的表达与细胞凋？…

目的 探讨缺血性脑损伤中Ｂｃｌ－２基因家族与细胞凋亡的关系，方法 用线栓法制成Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠大脑中动脉（ＭＣＡ）阻塞－再通模型，应用免疫组化方法和ＴＵＮＥＬ法，分别以大鼠灶性缺血脑组织Ｂｃｌ－２，Ｂａｘ免疫反应阳性细胞和凋亡细胞的分布进行观察，结果 大鼠ＭＣＡ闭塞２ｈ再能４８ｈ后，ＴＵＮＥＬ阳性细胞主要分布在梗死灶周围的内侧尾壳核和额顶部皮层，与Ｂｃｌ－２和Ｂａｘ阳性细胞烽在该区域的明显增加基本     

皮质扩散性抑制对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后细胞凋亡的影响

目的:确定皮质扩散性抑制(ＣＳＤ)对大鼠脑缺血的保护作用时间窗及对细胞凋亡的影响。方法:氯化钾诱发ＳＤ大鼠ＣＳＤ,改良Ｌｏｎｇａ法大鼠缺血模型,测定脑梗死体积和细胞凋亡及其相关基因的表达。结果:经ＣＳＤ预处理后１、３、５、７和１０ｄ再缺血时,皮质梗死体积均小于对照组,其中以３ｄ最明显。主要分布在梗死灶边缘区内层的凋亡细胞,ｂｃｌ－２和Ｂａｘ表达有所下降(Ｐ＜０．０５);ｂｃｌ－２/ｂａｘ比率升高(Ｐ＜０．０５)。结论:ＣＳＤ的保护作用时间窗为１－１０ｄ,经ＣＳＤ处理后再缺血时,细胞凋亡受到抑制。     

亚低温对脑缺血区P53蛋白表达的影响

目的　在尿激酶溶解大鼠脑血栓治疗中,研究亚低温对溶栓复流后大脑中动脉缺血区 Ｐ５３蛋白表达的影响。方法　应用肾血管性高血压大鼠（ Ｒ Ｈ Ｒ Ｓ Ｐ）,用光化学法制成一侧大脑中动脉闭塞（ Ｍ Ｃ Ａ Ｏ）模型,在血栓形成后 ０．５ｈ 应用尿激酶静脉溶栓复流后,用免疫组织化学的方法研究 Ｐ５３蛋白的表达。结果　亚低温组 Ｐ５３蛋白的表达,明显弱于正常体温组。结论　亚低温降低脑缺血区域的 Ｐ５３蛋白的表达,可能是亚低温产生脑保护的机制之一。     

大鼠脑缺血再灌注与蛋白激酶C活性变化及FOS、BCL-2的表达

目的 探讨大鼠脑缺血再灌注对时蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）活必珠变化与ＦＯＳ、ＢＣＬ－２表达的关系。方法 采用大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型，用磷基转移片检测ＰＫＣ的活性，用免疫组化检测ＢＣＬ－２及ＦＯＳ的量。结果 缺血再灌注后膜ＰＫＣ活性持续增加，ＦＯＳ在缺血再灌注早期即有明显增加，至缺血再灌注２天时仍有少量表达。ＢＣＬ－２表达的高峰是在缺血再灌注２天时。结论 缺血再灌注期间ＰＫＣ发生易位激活，ＰＫＣ促进     

高血压在局部脑梗塞边缘区和镜区脑超微结构的动态改变中的意义

本文实验发现双肾双夹肾血管性高血压大鼠（ＲＨＲ）在大脑中动脉闭塞（ＭＣＡＯ）后１～７天，梗塞灶边缘区有脑微血栓形成，ＭＣＡＯ后３天对侧半球的相应区（镜区）有较明显的微血管变形和星形细胞足突水肿改变，说明ＲＨＲ与正常的ＳＤ鼠在局灶脑梗塞后的超微结构改变是不同的。因此，我们应当重视高血压的防治。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后皮层ICAM-1表达增加

目的：研究大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注不同时相皮层 ＩＣＡＭ－１变化规律。方法：改良 Ｋｏｉｚｕｍｉ法建立 ＬＭＣＡＯ局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型;ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和 Ｄｏｔ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ法分别检测 ＩＣＡＭ－１的转录和翻译水平变化。结果：缺血皮层 ＩＣＡＭ－１ｍＲＮＡ和 Ｉ－ＣＡＭ－１分别于缺血 ２ｈ和再灌注 ２ｈ显著升高,再灌注 １０和 ４６ｈ达高峰,持续 １周仍维持在较高水平。结论：ＩＣＡＭ－１在脑缺血再灌注时表达明显上调,介导白细胞和脑血管内皮细胞的粘附。ＩＣＡＭ－１ 将成为缺血性脑卒中治疗的新突破点。     

Influence of abciximab on the adhesion of platelets on a shielded plasma gradient prepared on polyethylene

INTRODUCTION: Thrombotic effects of biomaterial implants are mediated merely through activation of the platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GpIIb-IIIa) receptor. Consequently, platelet GpIIb-IIIa receptor inhibitors are successfully used during stent implantation procedures to prevent thrombosis. However, currently a new generation of stents contains surface coating, which changes the surface to more hydrophobic or hydrophilic. This change markedly affects the interaction of platelets and may influence the efficiency of GpIIb-IIIa inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To study the influence of the wettability of biomaterials on the effectiveness of abciximab, 5-cm polyethylene gradients with contact angles of 100 degrees to 40 degrees were made by means of glow discharge. Fresh whole blood with or without abciximab was recirculated over this gradient. RESULTS: Inhibition of platelet adhesion by abciximab was maximal, but not complete, on the hydrophobic and moderate hydrophobic part of the gradient, with contact angles of 55 degrees to 90 degrees. Percentage inhibition by abciximab was maximal around 60 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Intermediate hydrophobicity of currently applied stent materials, such as stainless steel, seems optimal in combination with abciximab. However, on hydrophobic and particularly on hydrophilic materials, abciximab is less effective.     

Laser therapy on points of acupuncture on nerve repair

正Paresthesia is the name given to a temporary or permanent sensory loss caused by several surgical procedures that affected the peripheral sensory nerve.In dentistry,common iatrogenic procedures that can lead to sensory loss include third molar removal,blocking of the inferior alveolar nerve     

Effects of lorazepam on rate of forgetting,on retrieval from semantic memory and on manual dexterity

Using a double-blind procedure, 16 out of 32 volunteer subjects (students) each took 2.5 mg of lorazepam (Ativan) orally and the remainder took a placebo. To overcome the problem of wide variation in individual tolerance to the drug, impairment on a task unrelated to memory (a manual dexterity task) was used to divide drug subjects into a group appreciably affected by the drug. subgroup 1, and a group minimally affected, subgroup 2. Only subgroup 1 showed consistent impairment of episodic memory. Both subgroups showed some impairment in a semantic memory task (generation of words from a specified category), but this was confined to the rate at which the task was carried out. The main aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of lorazepam on the rate of forgetting of word lists when drug and control subjects' initial recall levels were equalized. There was no evidence that the drug affected rate of forgetting: this suggests that it does not affect retention. There was also no evidence that it affected retrieval, since there was no impairment in the recall of material presented before administration of the drug. Hence its locus of action is attributed to input, specifically to impaired encoding of contextual information.     

不同病房模式对精神分裂症病情影响的研究

目的探讨不同病房模式对首发精神分裂症患者病情的影响及康复情况。方法开放式病房的患者为研究组68例,同时选择住封闭式病房患者为对照组130例,对两组患者的临床资料进行比较分析。结果对照组患者入院时焦虑抑郁及敌对猜疑出现明显变化（P＜0.05）;研究组患者在第1周时焦虑抑郁已经开始改善,第2周时病情、阳性症状、一般精神病理、敌对猜疑、激活性也出现明显变化（P＜0.05）;第4周时研究组病情及各因子、认知功能及自知力显著改善,与对照组比较存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论开放式病房模式可以减少患者的负性影响,更快改善患者的认知功能,有利于患者自知力的恢复,使患者的病情达到更全面的康复。     

Efficacy of milnacipran on poststroke depression on inpatient rehabilitation

Post-stroke depression (PSD) has a negative impact on rehabilitation following stroke. No satisfactory antidepressant treatment for PSD has yet been developed. The present study examined the effect of milnacipran, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, on PSD patients. Eleven PSD patients taking milnacipran in a rehabilitation hospital were compared to age-matched, sex-matched, and severity of depression at admission-matched PSD patients hospitalized during 2001 who did not take any antidepressant as historical control. Severity of depression was measured using self-rating depression scale for depression (SDS) assessed at admission and discharge after 3 months inpatient rehabilitation. Activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL) were measured, respectively, by the functional independence measure (FIM) and a self-completed questionnaire for QOL (QUIK) as outcomes of rehabilitation. For the SDS score, the group taking milnacipran showed significant improvement compared to the control group in our study. FIM was improved in both groups. In the end QUIK did not change significantly in either group. We found no major side-effects of milnacipran among the patients. These results suggest that milnacipran is a safe and effective treatment for PSD for inpatients undergoing rehabilitation.     

Certain predictions on the effectiveness of l-DOPA on parkinsonism

Summary Sixty nine patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with L-DOPA for more than a year. L-DOPA produced remarkable improvement in akinetic patients, moderate improvement in rigidity and slight improvement in tremor. The degree of improvement in akinesia, rigidity and tremor tended to be reversely related to the severity of the disease. Rigidity and akinesia improved better in young patients, but there was no correlation between age and the response of tremor to the treatment. Except for rigidity there was no correlation between the improvement and the duration of the disease.

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Zusammenfassung 69 Parkinsonpatienten wurden während mehr als 1 Jahr mit L-DOPA behandelt. Es wurde dadurch bei akinetischen Patienten eine beachtliche, bei Patienten mit Rigor eine mäßige und bei Patienten mit Tremor eine geringfügige Besserung erreicht. Das Ausmaß der Besserung war in allen drei Formen um so geringer, je ausgeprägter die Symptome bei Behandlungsbeginn waren. Rigor und Akinesie sprachen bei jungen Patienten besser auf die Therapie an, aber es bestand keine Korrelation zwischen dem Alter der Patienten und der Beeinflußbarkeit des Tremors durch die L-DOPA-Therapie. Außer für den Rigor bestand keine Korrelation zwischen dem Ausmaß der Besserung und der Dauer der Erkrankung vor Behandlungsbeginn.