Smoking among new student nurses

Smoking is very common among nurses. Various explanations have been offered for this but the reasons for it are still unclear. To investigate some aspects of this problem and prepare for a longitudinal study, an intake of students to a large nursing school was surveyed. Information was obtained on their smoking behaviour, social background and preconceptions of nursing.     

Perceived academic-related sources of stress among graduate nursing students in a Jamaican University

BackgroundGraduate education is essential for the improvement of professions by facilitating advancements in career paths, personal growth and enhancing a country's economy. Graduate students frequently view graduate education as moderate to very stressful and this can have a negative impact on their lives. Stress can result in impaired coping, poor academic performance and reduction in cognitive functioning, resulting in the antithesis of academic success.ObjectiveA qualitative study was done to gain insight into the perception and sources of academic- related stress among graduate nursing students at an urban school of nursing in Jamaica.DesignA purposive sample of Master of Science in Nursing students in their penultimate semester for the academic year 2017/ 2018 were invited to participate in the study.MethodsNine students participated and each was assigned a selected pseudonym. Data were collected using one- to-one semi-structured interviews and interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic content analysis was used to determine emerging themes and coding was done manually.ResultsThe themes that emerged were: (1) Workload (2) Research (3) Prioritization (4) Lack of support (5) Lack of feedback (6) Balancing school life (7) Very stressful (8) Expectations of lecturers. Participants perceived that graduate education was very stressful to overwhelming. Academic-related stress was multi-factorial and predominantly due to the rigid curriculum structure. Contributing factors included increased workload; time constraints; the research course itself; lack of support and timely response from research supervisors and delayed responses from the Ethics Committee.ConclusionIt is very important for educators and curriculum developers to implement innovative strategies that are essential in providing an environment that will facilitate learning and to mitigate stress faced by graduate students.     

护理专业本科男生压力源、压力强度及心理健康的调查

目的调查护理本科男生压力源、压力强度及心理健康状况。方法采用Beck—Srivastava压力量表（BSSI）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）,对129名护理专业本科男生进行测评,并与153名女生进行比较。结果男生的压力源集中在考试压力、同学竞争、感情问题、专业是否适合自己、个人习惯、经济状况、就业前景7个方面,与女生无差异（P〉0．05）。但男生压力强度得分高于女生（P〈0．01）,且在SCL-90量表的人际关系、焦虑、恐怖和偏执4个因子上得分高于女生（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论护理本科男生的压力源与女生无明显差异,但压力强度高于女生,心理健康水平低于女生。应采取积极心理干预和疏导措施,缓解其心理压力．减轻压力造成的各种心理问题。     

A complementary therapy approach to the management of individual stress among student nurses

This paper examines the difference between qualitative and quantitative research approaches and applies the debate to assessing student nurses' stress coping styles In particular, it looks at the value of the qualitative approach as a means of appreciating the individual nature of the stress experience A pilot study was conducted among a small group of Project 2000 students The results illustrate that a flexible model which appreciates the differences in individual perception is a successful way of enabling students to handle negative stress The paper also reports on a new concept called Determination and the Hypnotic Interaction model which enables student nurses to utilize determined experiences from previous times and apply them to present and future negative stress The model utilizes a wide range of complementary therapy approaches including relaxation, imagery and hypnosis, to enable students to appreciate positive stress and to discover and use their natural resources of determination to deal with negative stress     

Psychodynamic sources of resistance among student nurses: some observations in a human relations context

Psychodynamic sources of resistance among student nurses: some observations in a human relations context The nurse-patient relationship is considered to be a crucial part of the daily routine for many nurses; however, little evidence is available regarding how student nurses cope with learning human skills. Few researchers have considered how students engage with or resist the learning process. The aim of this study is to examine interpersonal matters and explore psychodynamic sources of resistance encountered among student nurses in an interpersonal skills context. A qualitative approach was adopted with a focus on individual case studies, using the in-depth interview as the major mode of data collection combined with observation. The four types of student that emerged from the data are emphasized, ranging from type 1 who were extremely reluctant to self-disclose, to type 4 who were more confident and free-flowing. The major characteristics pertaining to each type of student are outlined. While some characteristics seem to be related to childhood struggles and years of over-adaptation, others relate to factors that influence the learning climate. Particular attention is given to the psychological understanding of their predicament, including accounts of childhood and self-image. The implications for nurse education and limitations of this study are also considered.     

Level of cancer pain knowledge among baccalaureate student nurses

Inadequate nursing education is a major impediment to effective pain relief for cancer patients throughout the world. This study was conducted to identify the level of cancer pain knowledge among baccalaureate student nurses and to determine whether specific activities affect this level of knowledge. Two questionnaires were administered to 82 baccalaureate student nurses in the final course of their program. Although the students displayed a realistic perspective about the severity and prevalence of cancer pain and psychological dependence, specific knowledge deficits and negative attitudes suggest the possibility of inadequate pain management. Specifically, the students believed that (a) maximal analgesic therapy should be delayed until the patient's prognosis was less than 12 months; (b) the proportion of patients whose pain can be controlled by appropriate therapy is less than is possible; (c) increasing pain is related to tolerance rather than to progression of the disease; (d) the preferred route of administration is intravenous rather than oral; and (e) the degree of respiratory depression, rather than constipation, does not decrease with repeated administration. Significant positive correlations (P ≤ 0.05) were found between age and cancer pain knowledge and between attendance at seminars/ workshops and time spent reading professional journal articles. Of the 30% of the participants who perceived a particular person to be a source for obtaining information about cancer pain management, 52% specified a practicing registered nurse. Seminars and workshops were chosen by 59% of the students as the most effective way for nurses to increase their knowledge. This study suggests a need for basic cancer pain management education at the undergraduate level as well as continuing education through seminars and workshops.     

Distress, stress and coping in first-year student nurses

Levels of affective distress, sources of stress and coping strategies reported by first-year student nurses in Tayside, Scotland, were measured using the General Health Questionnaire (30-item version), the Beck & Srivastava Stress Inventory (BSSI) and a modified 'Ways of Coping Questionnaire'. Screening showed that, around the time of an initial series of hospital placements, 50.5% of students in cohort 1 ( n =109, week 40) and 67·9% of students in cohort 2 ( n =111, week 24) suffered significant affective distress. This exceeds levels reported in published studies of degree nursing students, fourth-year medical students, and the general female population. Distressed students reported the same sources of stress as the non-distressed students, but suffered them more intensely. Many BSSI items were seen as common sources of stress; however, the frequency with which an item was reported to be stressful was not related to whether scores on that item predicted overall distress. In both cohorts, the use of direct coping was associated with lower levels of distress, and with lower total stress scores on the BSSI. The use of fantasy and hostility was associated with high levels of distress and stress, in both groups. This screen of 220 first-year student nurses suggests that there is a problem with student distress around an initial series of general/ surgical and psycho-social ward placements. The possible determinants of this distress are complex, and it is unlikely that presenting information alone will be sufficient to reduce this distress.     

精神科护士工作压力源调查分析

目的探讨精神科护士的工作压力源,为护理管理提供参考。方法采用问卷调查法对107名精神科在职护士进行调查。并与内、外科护士的国内常模进行对比分析。结果精神科护士工作压力源依次为：工作环境及资源方面的问题;护理专业及工作方面的问题;工作量及时间分配问题;病人护理方面的问题;管理及人际关系方面的问题。工作压力源总分及上述5个因子得分均低于内、外科护士国内常模．差异有显著或极显著性（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论缓解或消除精神科护士的工作压力源．可有效提高精神科的护理工作效率。     

Caring behaviours and stress perception among student nurses in different nursing programmes: A cross-sectional study

Caring is central to providing high-quality nursing. Little research exists concerning the relationship between caring behaviours and stress perception among student nurses. This study aimed to explore this relationship among student nurses in different nursing programmes. A sample of 792 student nurses from three nursing education programmes in one academic institution completed Chinese versions of the Caring Behaviors Scale and the Nurse Stress Checklist to assess participants' caring behaviour and psychosocial responses to work-related stress, respectively. We found a statistically significant negative correlation between caring behaviour and stress perception among participants. The three most frequently reported caring behaviours were related to ‘knowing the patient’: (a) recognising that each patient holds unique values, (b) taking a patient's chief complaints seriously, and (c) stating that the family's best interests should be respected regarding health decisions. Completion of work, time limitations, and lack of personal interactions were sources of stress. Nursing education curricula involve the fundamentals of caring and the preparation of nursing students for clinical practice. The study recommends that nursing faculty and administrators should educate students in stress management in order to foster, support, and promote caring behaviours among nursing professionals.     

Perceived occupational stress and related factors in public health nurses

The purposes of this study were to explore perceived occupational stress and related factors in public health nurses (PHNs). A convenient sampling method was used to recruit the subjects. Seven out of 12 district health centers in Taipei City and all 11 district health centers in Kaohsiung City agreed to participate in this study. Of the 171 PHNs invited to participate, 167 (97.7%) completed all mailing questionnaires. Findings showed that (1) the major sources of occupational stress in PHNs were personal responsibility and workloads, and (2) PHNs with younger age, shorter length of current working experience, longer past clinical experience, higher level of education, and less pre-job or on-job continuous education perceived more occupational stress. The findings indicate that it is necessary to develop stress-alleviating programs to reduce occupational stress in PHNs. Designing a systematic in-service training program to enhance working competency and performance of PHNs is also suggested.     

肿瘤科实习护理学生的心理压力分析及对策

目的探讨肿瘤专科实习护理学生(简称护生)的心理压力来源及采取有效的对策。方法对122名在本科实习护生采用大学生学习适应量表进行调查,分析肿瘤专科实习护生的心理压力来源的原因。结果肿瘤专科实习护生积极应对方式比例上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论护理教育者采取正确的应对措施能有效减少肿瘤科实习护生的心理压力。