偏瘫患者62例ADL训练临床分析

目的：对６２ 例偏瘫患者进行了日常生活活动（ＡＤＬ）能力的训练。方法：采用Ｂａｒｔｈｅｌ 指数计分法对其效果进行评价。结果： 治疗后ＡＤＬ积分由治疗前的５４．０６ 分提高到７７．１４ 分，Ｐ＜ ０．０１；同时ＡＤＬ的各项积分治疗后均高于治疗前， 生活自理者由治疗前２４ 例（３９％）增至４８ 例（７７％），Ｐ＜０．０１。结论：ＡＤＬ训练可提高偏瘫患者生活能力。年龄对ＡＤＬ积分有影响。偏瘫侧为利手时对ＡＤＬ积分无明显影响。偏瘫上肢功能的程度与ＡＤＬ相关显著。     

单侧空间忽略地左侧偏瘫患者ADL的影响及其康复

对右脑损伤后伴有单侧空间忽略的１４例偏瘫患者与不伴有忽略症的３４例偏瘫患者进行日常生活活动能力的对照研究。结果表明，观察组的患者治疗前后ＡＤＬ的积分均明显低于对照组。证实了单侧空间忽略的存在对患者ＡＤＬ能力的损害是严重的，妨碍康复效果。将复杂的作业进行分解，应用口头回忆法对观察组的患者进行ＡＤＬ的训练。结果显示，患者忽略行为的改善率为５９％。停止治疗２周后２的忽略行为无明显增加；患者的ＡＤＬ积分较     

应用作业疗法改善偏瘫患者上肢功能

６２例偏瘫患者应用作业疗法进行偏瘫下功能训练，同时进行健侧上肢代偿性的ＡＤＬ训练。以使患者尽可能协调双侧一起活动。治疗后上肢功能改善率为８０．２３％，手功能改善率为６５．５７％，上肢能力改善为５１．６％，ＡＤＬ能力比治疗前有显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。实践证明作业疗法对改善偏瘫患者上肢功能和提高生活自理能力是行之有效的。     

茶色素对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病左室舒张功能不全的影响

目的：探讨茶色素对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）左室舒张功能（ Ｌ Ｖ Ｄ Ｆ）不全的影响。方法：将２００ 例冠心病 Ｌ Ｖ Ｄ Ｆ不全患者随机分为２ 组,治疗组１００ 例口服茶色素１２５ ｍ ｇ,每日 ３ 次;对照组口服巯甲丙脯酸１２５ ｍ ｇ,每日３ 次。２ 组疗程均为３０ 日。结果：治疗组治疗后舒张早期血流峰值速度（ Ｐ Ｅ）、舒张早期血流速度时间积分（ Ｅ Ｓ）均明显增加（ Ｐ 均＜ ００１）,舒张晚期血流峰值速度（ Ｐ Ａ）、舒张晚期血流速度时间积分（ Ａ Ｓ）均明显下降（ Ｐ＜ ００５ 和 Ｐ＜ ００１）, Ｐ Ａ／ Ｐ Ｅ、 Ａ Ｓ／ Ｅ Ｓ均显著下降（ Ｐ 均＜ ００１）,舒张早期快速充盈减速度（ Ｄ Ｃ）明显增快（ Ｐ＜ ００５）;而对照组除 Ｐ Ｅ、 Ｅ Ｓ、 Ａ Ｓ变化较明显（ Ｐ 均＜ ００５）外,其余均无显著性差异（ Ｐ 均＞００５）。治疗组治疗后显著降低了血脂、血粘度,改善了微循环和心电图的疗效。结论：茶色素不但能明显降低冠心病患者血脂、血粘度,改善微循环,并有明显改善 Ｌ Ｖ Ｄ Ｆ的作用。     

肺心病血液高凝状态的诊断

检测１０３例慢性肺原性心脏病（肺心病）急性发作期患者的血小板活性和凝血、抗凝血、纤溶功能。结果表明肺心病急性发作期患者的血小板活性增强，βＴＧ与ＰＦ４均明显升高（Ｐ＜００５）。血小板粘附性增强，ｖＷＦ：Ａｇ显著升高（Ｐ＜００１），Ｆｎ升高但无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。凝血功能增强，ＦⅧ：Ｃ显著升高（Ｐ＜００１），Ｆｇ显著升高（Ｐ＜００１）。抗凝功能减弱，ＡＴⅢ下降（Ｐ＜００１），α１ＡＴ升高（Ｐ＜００５），α２ＭＧ无明显改变。纤溶功能减弱ｔＰＡ下降（Ｐ＜００１），ＤＤ显著升高（Ｐ＜００１），但α２ＰＩ下降（Ｐ＜００５），ＰＡＩ、ＰＬＧ无明显改变。提示肺心病患者血液呈高凝状态。但缺乏特异性诊断指标。     

偏瘫患者下肢功能性电刺激和功能强化训练的临床观察

目的 观察偏瘫患者接受下肢功能性电刺激和功能强化训练的治疗效果。方法 ４８例偏瘫患者随机分为两组,普通康复组和功能性强化训练组,每组２４例。评定下肢地运动功能及平衡功能采用简式Ｆugl-Ｍeyer积分法,评定日常生活活动（ＡＤＬ）能力采用Ｂarthil指数。结果 功能强化训练组患者的下肢运动功能、平衡功能及ＡＤＬ能力治疗后较治疗前均明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,与普通康复组相比,有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论     

脑卒中患者出院时生活自理能力的观察

对３６例脑卒中患者进行以日常生活能力为主的康复训练，并与３０例非康复治疗的临床组患者对照，用Ｂａｒｔｈｅｌ指数评定，观察出院时日常生活自理能力（ＡＤＬ）．结果表明，经康复训练的中风患者ＡＤＬ能力优于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）．并对出院时ＡＤＬ恢复的难易度及运动、认知对ＡＤＬ的影响进行了探讨．Ｂａｒｔｈｅｌ指数１０项中，以二便控制最容易，洗澡最难．运动对ＡＤＬ有影响（ｒ＝０．６５４０，Ｐ＜０．０１）．认知对ＡＤＬ无影响（ｒ＝０．０５７９．Ｐ＞０．０５）．     

血管内激光照射对血液唾液酸含量的影响

目的探讨血管内激光照射（ＩＬＩＢ）对人体血液唾液酸（ＳＡ）含量的影响。方法采用ＳＡ快速微量化学比色法，测定高脂血症和癌症为主的４６例患者经ＩＬＩＢ治疗前后血液ＳＡ含量的变化。结果４６例患者血液ＳＡ水平治疗前为６７９３±１８３７ｍｇ／Ｌ，治疗后为５９１４±１３１６ｍｇ／Ｌ，降低显著（Ｐ＜００５）。其中ＳＡ阳性组（≥６４０ｍｇ／Ｌ）与阴性组（＜６４０ｍｇ／Ｌ）经治疗后ＳＡ降低量，前者（１３７３±１０７８ｍｇ／Ｌ）较后者（５４５±２９４ｍｇ／Ｌ）显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。并且长疗程组（＞７次）与短疗程组（≤７次）的ＳＡ降低含量前者（１１０３±１２５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）较后者（５４３±３６７ｍｇ／Ｌ）显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＩＬＩＢ可以降低血液ＳＡ含量，且ＳＡ水平愈高，治疗时间愈长其下降水平愈显著。提示血液ＳＡ测定可做为该疗法疗效的检验指标之一，并且对本疗法的血液生物学效应有新的启示。     

促进技术对中风运动功能的疗效观察

采用促进技术治疗３６例中风偏瘫患者。评测方法为Ｆｕｇｌ－Ｍｅｙｅｒ运动积分法、ＡＤＬＢａｒｔｈｅｌ指数、简易智力量表。结果表明：治疗后患者的运动功能恢复率比治疗前显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；多元逐步回归提示智力对治疗前后运动功能恢复率无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）；运动功能恢复率对独立生活能力有影响（Ｐ＜０．０１），尤以对平衡和肢体运动功能的影响最大。     

早期康复护理干预对改善脑卒中病人ADL的探讨

目的探讨早期康复护理干预对急性脑卒中偏瘫患者的运动功能、平衡功能、日常生活活动能力（ＡＤＬ）的影响。方法脑卒中偏瘫患者６０例,对其中３０例患者实施早期康复计划（康复组）,另外３０例患者给予神经内科一般治疗（对照组）。结果两组治疗前,治疗后一个月分别给予 Ｆｕｇｌ－Ｍｅｙｅｒ评测法和ＦＩＭ评测法,对患者肢体的残损程度和活动功能进行评定,经过统计学检验得出：治疗前评测,两组无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。治疗后１个月评测,康复组明显优于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论早期给予康复护理干预可以明显改善急性脑卒中偏瘫患者的肢体运动和平衡功能及ＡＤＬ。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.