高血压病左房结构及左室舒张功能的超声心动图改变

高血压是最常见的心血管疾病,可引起严重的心、脑、肾并发症,是脑卒中、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的主要危险因素。研究表明,高血压病患者出现左室舒张功能障碍早于收缩功能障碍。对无症状高血压患者,通过超声心动图检查早期发现其舒张功能改变,及时采取预防措施,对防止高血压病进展具有一定的意义。     

Postinfarction left ventricular remodeling in patients with hypertension

1-3 years after myocardial infarction 140 patients (66 with - group 1, and 74 without - group 2 - hypertension before infarction) were examined by echocardiography. In group 1 concentric remodeling was found in 71.4% of patients with postinfarction scar occupying 相似文献   

脑钠肽与高血压左室重塑、左室功能的关系

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者脑钠肽(BNP)水平与左室几何构型、左室功能的关系。方法:应用荧光免疫法快速测定EH组(106例)和对照组(46例)的血浆BNP浓度,根据心脏彩色超声检测结果,依照左室重量指数(LVMI)、相对室壁厚度(RWT)将106例EH患者分为:正常构型亚组(12例)、向心性重构亚组(9例)、离心性肥厚亚组(64例)、向心性肥厚亚组(21例)。应用相关性分析了解EH组LVMI、RWT、年龄、血压、体质指数(BMI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)等因素与BNP关系。结果:在EH各构型亚组中LVMI以离心性肥厚亚组最高,向心性肥厚亚组、离心性肥厚亚组BNP水平较对照组升高明显。EH组LVMI与BNP具有明显的正相关性(r=0.605,P<0.01),RWT与BNP具有明显的负相关(r=-0.266,P<0.01),LVEF与BNP呈负相关(r=-0.552,P<0.01),LVMI、RWT与血压、BMI之间无明显相关性。结论:EH组中不同的左室几何构型对BNP水平产生不同影响,具有更高的LVMI值和更低的LVEF、RWT值患者,BNP水平更高,而年龄、血压、BMI与BNP、LVMI、RWT无明显相关性。     

妊娠高血压患者的左室功能及血液动力学变化

本文应用超声心动图测定了２３例妊娠高血压症，２０例晚期妊娠和２０例正常妇女左室功能和血液动力学变化，并进行了比较。结果表明:妊娠高血压是由于妊娠所致的血容量增高导致的容量性高血压，其主要特点是:心输出量增加，外周阻力降低，未发现潜在的心功能不全。     

高血压患者左室重构与心功能及心律失常关系

研究高血压患者左室重构对心律失常及心功能影响。方法应用多普勒超过心动图声学定量技术和动态心电图检测８７例高血压压患者。结论左室重构对高血压早期左室收缩功能有一定代偿作用,但随着心室重构、左室肥大,心脏功能损害更加明显,同时心室重构明显增加室性心律失常的发生。     

综合干预对高血压患者左室肥厚、冠状动脉钙化和动脉内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨联合降压治疗与适当调脂综合干预对原发性高血压患者内皮功能、左心室重构、冠状动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法:入选50~79岁原发性高血压200例,随机分为:A组(49例):使用小剂量氨氯地平(2.5 mg/d)+替米沙坦(40 mg/d),B组(51例):使用小剂量氨氯地平+复方阿米洛利(复方利尿剂,半片/d),C组(48例):在A组基础上加小剂量辛伐他汀(10 mg/d),D组(52例):在B组基础上加辛伐他汀(10 mg/d)。A组及B组患者治疗12个月前后各检查一次超声心动图,C组及D组患者,测定治疗12个月前后血浆血管紧张素酶(ACE)活性、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)浓度、肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)及冠状动脉斑块的变化情况。结果:(1)A组患者的左室后壁厚度[LVWPT,(1.09±0.21)cm∶(1.27±0.28)cm]与室间隔厚度[IVST,(1.09±0.27)cm∶(1.28±0.31)cm]在治疗12月后较治疗前显著下降(P均0.05),而左室重量[LVM,(205.23±62.04)g∶(263.97±98.06)g]及左室重量指数[LVMI,(128.13±34.15)g/m2∶(164.98±60.33)g/m2]下降更显著(P均0.01);FMD明显改善[(5.6±4.2)%∶(4.3±2.7)%,P0.05];(2)较之B组,A组的LVM[(225.23±72.8)g∶(205.23±62.04)g],LVMI[(139.27±37.26)g/m2∶(128.13±34.15)g/m2]下降更加显著,FMD[(4.8±3.7)%∶(5.6±4.2)%]提高更显著,P均0.05;(3)C组及D组患者用小剂量辛伐他汀治疗l2月后,血清TC、LDL-C、ACE活性、AngⅡ浓度、冠脉钙化积分对数值均显著下降(P均0.01),且分别较A组,B组显著下降(P0.05~0.01),但C、D两组无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:原发性高血压患者在小剂量氨氯地平+替米沙坦或复方阿米洛利治疗12月后可使左室肥厚显著逆转;对左室肥厚、动脉内皮功能的作用,替米沙坦优于复方阿米洛利;加用小剂量辛伐他汀可使冠脉钙化积分下降,有防治冠状动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

Patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric remodeling in essential hypertension.

The spectrum of left ventricular geometric adaptation to hypertension was investigated in 165 patients with untreated essential hypertension and 125 age- and gender-matched normal adults studied by two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography. Among hypertensive patients, left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were normal in 52%, whereas 13% had increased relative wall thickness with normal ventricular mass ("concentric remodeling"), 27% had increased mass with normal relative wall thickness (eccentric hypertrophy) and only 8% had "typical" hypertensive concentric hypertrophy (increase in both variables). Systemic hemodynamics paralleled ventricular geometry, with the highest peripheral resistance in the groups with concentric remodeling and hypertrophy, whereas cardiac index was super-normal in those with eccentric hypertrophy and low normal in patients with concentric remodeling. The left ventricular short-axis/long-axis ratio was positively related to stroke volume (r = 0.45, p less than 0.001), with cavity shape most elliptic in patients with concentric remodeling and most spheric in those with eccentric hypertrophy. Normality of left ventricular mass in concentric remodeling appeared to reflect offsetting by volume "underload" of the effects of pressure overload, whereas eccentric hypertrophy was associated with concomitant pressure and volume overload. Thus, arterial hypertension is associated with a spectrum of cardiac geometric adaptation matched to systemic hemodynamics and ventricular load. Concentric left ventricular remodeling and eccentric hypertrophy are more common than the typical pattern of concentric hypertrophy in untreated hypertensive patients.     

赖诺普利对高血压病患者内源性血压调节系统和左室重塑的影响

目的 探讨赖诺普利对高血压患者内源性血管活性因子及左室肥厚的影响.方法 分别用口服赖诺普利与卡托普利方法治疗高血压伴左室肥厚患者8周,应用超声心动图监测治疗前、后左室重量指数(LVMI),同时采用放射免疫法和(或)化学发光法检测血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ)、醛固酮(AID)、血浆内皮素(ET)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、心钠素(ANP)及血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的浓度.结果 ①高血压组患者血浆AT-Ⅱ、ALD、ET、ANP、TGF-β1,及血清IGF-1浓度明显高于对照组(P值分别为0.042、0.039、0.041、0.045、0.038、0.047,P均<0.05),LVH组高于无LVH组(P均<0.01).②治疗后与治疗前比较,两组AT-Ⅱ、ALD、ET、ANP、TGF-β1、IGF-1和LVMI水平均显著降低(P值分别为0.037、0.041、0.046、0.048、0.038、0.044,P均<0.05),但赖诺普利组降低幅度明显高于卡托普利组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01).结论 赖诺普利与卡托普利均有降压及逆转左室肥厚的作用,但赖诺普利逆转LVH的强度更强.且不良反应少,依从性强,值得临床推广使用.     

替米沙坦对伴有冠心病的原发性高血压患者左室重构、C反应蛋白及心功能的影响

目的:探讨替米沙坦对伴有冠心病的原发性高血压(EH)患者左室重构、超敏-C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及心功能的影响。方法: 选择并发有冠心病的原发性高血压患者120例,随机分为替米沙坦组（49例）和贝那普利组（44例）,分别予以替米沙坦口服（80～160 mg/d）和贝那普利口服（10～20 mg/d）,每日1次,疗程均为24 周,治疗前后分别测血压、血脂、尿酸(UA)、hs-CRP和超声心动图测定左室结构和功能,对比分析治疗前、后各指标的差异。结果: ①与治疗前比较,替米沙坦组和贝那普利组治疗后收缩压和舒张压明显下降(161/101至130/83 mmHg;160/102至131/85 mmHg,均为P<0.01);②替米沙坦治疗后,三酰甘油(TG)、舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)、舒张期左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左室舒张末内径（LVEDD）、A/E明显降低(P<0.05);UA、左室射血分数(LVEF)、hs-CRP及左室质量指数(LVMI)下降非常显著（P<0.01）;贝那普利组治疗后无明显的变化,但hs-CRP、LVMI明显下降（P<0.05）;两组治疗后比较,替米沙坦组UA、LVMI明显下降及LVEF明显改善（P<0.05）;③直线相关分析显示:hs-CRP与LVMI呈正相关（r=0.61,P<0.05）。结论: 替米沙坦和贝那普利均能有效降低EH患者的血压水平。与贝那普利比较,替米沙坦还能显著降低hs-CRP水平以及改善三酰甘油代谢和血UA代谢,并使EH患者LVH显著逆转和心功能明显改善。     

瘦素致高血压左心室重构机制的研究新进展

长期高血压可导致不可逆性左心室重构,严重影响心脏功能,可引起心力衰竭。如何减缓甚至逆转高血压引起的左心室重构,受到国内外研究者的关注。瘦素是一种具有多种生物学功能的肽类激素,其生理作用复杂。研究表明,瘦素通过直接作用于瘦素受体,激活交感神经及肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统,引起瘦素抵抗及胰岛素抵抗等作用。目前,在瘦素致高血压左心室重构机制方面取得了很大的进展,这为其干预治疗提供了新的思路。     

原发性高血压患者颈动脉重构与左心室肥厚的关系

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者颈动脉重构与左心室肥厚(LVH)的关系。方法筛选原发性高血压患者60例,正常对照组30例,经心脏及颈动脉超声检查,分别测算左心室质量指数(LVMI)、颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度(CCA-IMT)、斑块及两侧颈总动脉内径、扩张性(CD)、顺应性(CC)。EH组分为LVMI正常组及LVMI增高组。所测得的各组数据进行统计分析。结果EH组CCA-IMT高于对照组,LVMI增高组最高;EH组颈总动脉CC和CD较对照组均低;EH组中LVMI增高组斑块检出率及严重程度最高,LVMI正常组次之,均高于正常对照组。结论EH颈动脉重构与LVH存在相关性,颈动脉重构发生早于LVH的发生。     

Effects of atenolol on left ventricular hypertrophy and early left ventricular function in essential hypertension

Echocardiographic studies of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy indicate clinical benefits of antihypertensive therapy. Therefore, M-mode and Doppler techniques were used to assess changes in LV hypertrophy after 10, 30 and 50 weeks of atenolol therapy (50 or 100 mg once daily) in 19 patients with essential hypertension. After 50 weeks of atenolol treatment, the most notable changes were: for M-mode parameters, increases (p less than 0.05) in diastolic LV internal dimension, radius to thickness ratio and stroke volume, and decreases (p less than 0.01) in total wall thickness and heart rate; for Doppler parameters, increases (p less than 0.01) in slope and peripheral resistance, and decreases (p less than 0.01) in heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output. The decreased total wall thickness and increased radius to thickness ratio suggest a trend toward regression of LV hypertrophy. These findings, along with improvements in blood pressure, pulse and exercise stress tests, indicate potential benefits of atenolol in managing patients with essential hypertension and LV hypertrophy.     

老年高血压病人左室肥厚与左室舒张功能的关系

目的：研究老年高血压病人左室肥厚与左室舒张功能各参数的关系,探讨在老年人左室肥厚对左室舒张功能的影响。方法：用彩色多普勒超声心动图测量101例老年高血压病人左心室结构及舒张功能参数。结果：101例高血压病人中,左室肥厚组（48例）的左房内径指数（LADI）、等容舒张时间（IVRT）、舒张期二尖瓣E波减速时间（EDT）显著大于左室正常组（53例,P〈0．05～〈0．01）．多元逐步回归分析发现,左室质量指数（LVMI）与左房射血分数（LAEF）、LADI、IVRT和EDT有明显的相关关系（r分别为0．213,0．251．0．450．0．338．P〈0．05～0．001）结论：老年高血压病人的左室增厚可进一步降低左室舒张功能。     

高血压病对左室功能的影响

目的探讨高血压病患者心脏左室功能的改变. 方法应用超声心动图及组织多普勒显像(DTI)检测74例高血压病患者及94例正常对照者左室收缩及舒张功能. 结果高血压病组左室质量指数、跨二尖瓣血流频谱速度A及E/A比值和DTI频谱速度s、a及e/a比值较正常组有显著差异(P＜0.05),但左室射血分数(LVEF)、跨二尖瓣血流频谱速度E和DTI频谱速度e在高血压病组及正常组间无显著差异(P＞0.05);DTI的收缩期峰速度与LVEF和舒张期峰速度比值e/a与E/A在两组间均呈显著相关(P＜0.05). 结论高血压病患者收缩期峰速度s及舒张晚期峰速度a增加,提示左室收缩功能增强,左室僵硬度增加,左房辅助泵功能增强;DTI能早期、敏感地发现高血压病患者收缩及舒张功能的改变.     

高血压病对左室功能的影响

目的:探讨高血压病患者心脏左室功能的改变。 方法:应用超声心动图及组织多普勒显像(DTI)检测74例高血压病患者及94例正常对照者左室收缩及舒张功能。 结果:高血压病组左室质量指数、跨二尖瓣血流频谱速度A及E/A比值和DTI频谱速度s、a及e/a比值较正常组有显著差异(P<0.05),但左室射血分数(LVEF)、跨二尖瓣血流频谱速度E和DTI频谱速度e在高血压病组及正常组间无显著差异(P>0.05);DTI的收缩期峰速度与LVEF和舒张期峰速度比值e/a与E/A在两组间均呈显著相关(P<0.05)。 结论:高血压痛患者收缩期峰速度s及舒张晚期峰速度a增加,提示左室收缩功能增强,左室僵硬度增加,左房辅助泵功能增强;DTI能早期、敏感地发现高血压病患者收缩及舒张功能的改变。     

Study of the left ventricular function in pregnancy-induced hypertension

Left ventricular (LV) morphological and functional characteristics in 9 women suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) were studied by means of echocardiograms. In order to distinguish which changes depended on the pressure values and which were the result of pregnancy, 10 nonpregnant control women with no heart disease and 10 normal pregnant women (NP) were studied and the results of each of the groups compared. To evaluate the structure, left ventricular systodiastolic diameters and wall thickness were measured. The only statistically significant difference was in the diastolic diameters between the PIH (4.7 +/- 0.3 cm) and the control group (4.4 +/- 0.2 cm) p less than 0.01. Left ventricular mass was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) in the PIH patients (185 +/- 53.1 g) compared to the NP patients (161 +/- 29.6 g) and the control group (125 +/- 17.4 g). No statistically significant differences were found in the radius thickness ratio in the three groups. The systolic function assessed by the shortening percentage was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in the control group (32.8 +/- 4.4%) and in the NP patients (37.8 +/- 5.2%) than in the PIH group (39 +/- 6.5%). Afterload assessed by isovolumic period stress was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in the PIH patients (157 +/- 10.6 dyne/cm2) compared with the NP group (118.9 +/- 7.01 dyne/cm2). There were no significant differences between the first group and the control group (134.09 +/- 8.7 dyne/cm2). As evidence of the diastolic function, analysis was made, on the one hand, of diastolic isovolumic period length (DIP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Prognostic significance of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in essential hypertension

OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the prognostic value of alterations in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension. BACKGROUND: Alterations in LV diastolic function are frequent in patients with hypertension, even in the absence of LV hypertrophy, but their prognostic significance has never been investigated. METHODS: In the setting of the Progetto Ipertensione Umbria Monitoraggio Ambulatoriale (PIUMA) study, we followed, for up to 11 years (mean: 4.4 years), 1,839 Caucasian hypertensive patients (50 +/- 12 years, 53% men, blood pressure (BP) 156/98 mm Hg) without previous cardiovascular events, who underwent Doppler echocardiography and 24-h BP monitoring before therapy. The early/atrial (E/A) mitral flow velocity ratio was calculated and corrected for age and heart rate (HR). RESULTS: During follow-up, there were 164 major cardiovascular events (2.04 per 100 patient-years). The incidence of cardiovascular events was 2.47 and 1.65 per 100 patient-years in patients with an age- and HR-adjusted E/A ratio below (n = 919) and above (n = 920) the median value, respectively (p < 0.005 by the log-rank test). In Cox analysis, controlling for age, gender, diabetes, cholesterol, smoking, LV mass and 24-h systolic BP (all p < 0.05), a low age- and HR-adjusted E/A ratio conferred an increased risk of cardiovascular events (odds ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11 to 2.18, p < 0.01). A 21% excess risk was found for each 0.3 decrease of the adjusted E/A ratio (95% CI from +2% to +43%; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Impaired LV early diastolic relaxation, detected by pulsed Doppler echocardiography, identifies hypertensive patients at increased cardiovascular risk. Such association is independent of LV mass and ambulatory BP.     

Effects of indapamide on left ventricular mass and function in systemic hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is frequently associated with hypertension and constitutes a major cardiovascular risk factor, the reduction of which should be considered when initiating antihypertensive therapy. To assess the effects of indapamide on LVH, 18 hypertensive patients were included in the study (11 men and 7 women, age 53.6 +/- 2.9 years, mean +/- standard deviation) whose supine diastolic blood pressure was greater than 95 mm Hg without (n = 11) or with (n = 7:6 beta blockers, 1 calcium antagonist) antihypertensive therapy. All presented with LVH, echocardiographically defined by a left ventricular mass index greater than 110 g/m2. After a 2-week preinclusion period, all patients received indapamide, 2.5 mg/day, for a period of 6 months. Physical examination including blood pressure measurement was performed on selection (M-1/2), before (M0), and after 1 (M1), 3 (M3) and 6 (M6) months of indapamide treatment, and echocardiography was performed at M0 and M6. Quality of life was evaluated by means of questionnaires completed by the patient and the physician, and a visual analog scale was completed by the patient at M-1/2, M0 and M6. All clinical parameters remained stable during the 2-week preinclusion period. Indapamide administration induced a highly significant reduction in both supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures from 173.9 +/- 2.9/100.5 +/- 1.2 mm Hg at M0 to 150.9 +/- 1.9/90.5 +/- 1.3 mm Hg at M1 (p less than 0.001), and 145.0 +/- 1.7/86.0 +/- 1.5 mm Hg at M6 (p less than 0.001). Similar favorable effects were observed in the upright position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

声学定量技术多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图检测冠心病心功能变化及意义

目的 :探讨声学定量技术 （AQI）多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图 （DSE）检测冠心病 （CHD）心功能变化及临床意义。方法 :应用 AQI- DSE检测 2 9例 CHD患者和 16例正常人的左心功能变化。结果 :AQI- DSE中正常人和 CHD患者的舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积、射血分数、峰值充盈率和峰值充盈时间呈现明显不同的变化趋势。结论 :用AQI方法检测多巴酚丁胺负荷试验能够判断 CHD患者的左心功能状态和心肌缺血的反应。