血小板/淋巴细胞比值与类风湿关节炎的相关性研究

目的 观察类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）患者血小板/淋巴细胞比值（platelet -to-lymphocyte ratio ,PLR）的变化及其与RA病情活动性的相关性。方法 选取RA患者200例,其中活动组86例、非活动组114例,同时选取100例健康者为正常对照组,比较各组PLR、超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity reactive protein, hs-CRP)、抗环瓜氨酸抗体(anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, CCP)、血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR) 、免疫球蛋白、补体C3(complement 3, C3)、补体C4(complement 4, C4)、类风湿因子(rheumatoid factor,RF)的差异,采用Logistic回归分析PLR与RA病情活动性的关系。结果 RA活动组PLT、PLR、超敏CRP、CCP、ESR、C3、C4和RF均较RA非活动组和健康对照组明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,RA非活动组PLT、PLR、超敏CRP、CCP、ESR、C3、C4和RF均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析提示校正超敏CRP、CCP、ESR、C3、C4、RF等影响因素后,PLR [OR=3.235 (95% CI 1.997~5.894) , P=0.008]仍然是RA病情活动性的独立危险因素;ROC曲线分析发现,PLR的曲线下面积为0.804 (95% CI 0.738~0.869, P=0.006),但其最佳临界值为120.37时,PLR评估RA病情活动性的灵敏度为80.20%,特异度为68.60%。结论 PLR是RA病情活动性的独立危险因素,动态监测PLR对临床判断RA的疾病活动性有一定的价值。     

Multiple pulmonary rheumatoid nodules

We present a case of 45-year-old female patient with the diagnosis of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, who was admitted to our rheumatology department with exacerbation of the disease. The patient''s disease activity score (DAS 28) was 6.9. Physical examination revealed changes in the lung auscultation as a rough breathing sound at the middle and lower lobe of the right lung. Chest X-ray revealed multiple nodular densities in both lungs. Lung biopsy was performed for the diagnosis and revealed necrotizing granulomas with central fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by epithelioid cells. Such a histopathological picture is typical for rheumatoid nodules. Finally the patient was treated with rituximab, with significant improvement.     

Metabolomics and its potential in diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases

The main aim of metabolomics is to make a comprehensive study of metabolites, the intermediates of biochemical processes in living organisms. Any pathophysiological mechanism caused by disease will inevitably lead to related changes in the concentrations of specific metabolites. In line with this, metabolomics offers a promising laboratory tool for the analysis of potential diagnostic biomarkers that may be used to assess susceptibility to a disease and to evaluate the prognosis and therapeutic response to treatment.Recent data have shown that metabolomics analysis in rheumatoid arthritis has made possible more efficient diagnosis, discrimination between patients with regard to disease activity, prediction of the response to a particular treatment approach, differentiation between rheumatic disease subtypes and greater understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease.Here we characterize metabolomics as a comprehensive laboratory tool and review its potential in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.     

Felty综合征

Felty综合征是指具有类风湿性关节炎、粒细胞减少和脾大的三联征,是类风湿性关节炎的一种少见特殊类型.本文对Felty综合征临床特点进行阐述.     

Atlanto-axial dislocation in rheumatoid arthritis—Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects

Summary Symptoms, signs and neuroradiological findings of 15 cases with atlanto-axial dislocation (AAD) due to rheumatoid arthritis are presented. CT of the craniocervical region revealed the exact anatomical relationships between the dens, the subarachnoid space and the brain stem, especially after intrathecal contrast medium injection and different positions of the head. From the results of operative procedures to reduce AAD it was concluded that early diagnosis and treatment of AAD leads to prompt relief of painful symptoms within 3 months and protects from neurological deterioration.     

关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗肘关节类风湿性关节炎

目的探讨肘关节类风湿性关节炎(RA)关节镜的手术方法和临床疗效。方法从2000年1月～2007年12月,本组对23例肘关节RA患者行肘关节镜下滑膜切除术。肘关节镜手术采用俯卧位,使用直径4mm的关节镜。本组患者男4例,女19例;平均年龄(49±7.8)岁(38～59岁),发病时间平均(12.2±5.8)年(5～20年);全部患者术前X线检查均有关节间隙狭窄和侵蚀,为Larsen3～4期的晚期病变。术后随访门诊复查时间平均4.3(0.5～6)年,术者对关节屈伸活动度进行了测量,患者对关节肿痛和不适进行了主观评价。结果本组患者术后无出现并发症。关节伸直角度术前平均差(40±25)°(10～75°),术后平均差(25±18)°(10～50°);关节屈曲角度术前平均(90±14)°(70～110°),术后平均(104±16)°(80～120°)。关节活动度得以保持。患者自诉肿痛及关节不适明显改善,全部患者在主观上感到非常满意。结论采用俯卧位技术关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗肘关节RA安全有效,即使晚期患者仍可在较长时间内保持活动度,并可明显改善肿痛症状,患者主观评价非常满意。     

Fusion of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Second to Fifth Metatarsal Head Resection for Rheumatoid Forefoot Deformity

The goals of the present study were to evaluate the mid-term results of first metatarsophalangeal joint fusion combined with second to fifth metatarsal head resection in rheumatoid forefoot deformity and identify the prognostic factors. The inclusion criteria were 2010 American College of Rheumatology and/or European League Against Rheumatism criteria for rheumatoid arthritis; symptomatic forefoot deformity; first metatarsophalangeal joint fusion and second to fifth metatarsal head resection; and a minimum of 4 years of follow-up data available. The patients were evaluated using the Disease Activity Score 28 for rheumatoid arthritis, Health Assessment Questionnaire for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Foot Function Index, forefoot American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scale, and weightbearing radiographs. Different pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables were investigated to identify the prognostic factors. Sixty-two patients (89 feet) with a mean age of 60.8°± 9.4 years and 85.5°± 22.4 months of follow-up data were included. The preoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scale score was 33.4 ± 16 points and improved significantly (p < .001) after surgery (mean 82.9 ± 11.7 points). The mean Foot Function Index improved significantly (p < .001) from 131.6 ± 37.4 to 77.4 ± 46.3 points at the last follow-up visit. Only the revision surgery variable was significantly (p = .02) related to poor outcomes. Revision was necessary in 8 feet (9%). This procedure produced satisfactory results. Poor outcomes were significantly related to the necessity for revision surgery for nonunion, malunion, inadequate metatarsal resection, and painful hardware.     

类风湿关节炎骨质疏松危险因素分析

目的类风湿关节炎(RA)是继发性骨质疏松的常见原因,本研究旨在通过分析比较RA患者血清类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸多肽抗体(anti-CCP)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血细胞沉降率(ESR)及骨代谢六项指标水平,探讨RA患者骨质疏松的危险因素。方法 133例RA患者根据双能X线检测的骨密度(BMD)结果分为骨质疏松组、骨量减低组和骨量正常组,检测各组受试者RF、anti-CCP、CRP、ESR及骨代谢六项等指标,分析比较各组受试者各指标水平差异,并比较各组患者糖皮质激素用药情况,多元logistic回归分析上述指标与RA患者骨质疏松的关系。结果①RA患者血清RF、anti-CCP、CRP及ESR水平相较于正常人群显著升高;②骨质疏松和骨量减低组CRP、ESR及骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、β胶原特殊序列(β-CTx)两项骨代谢指标水平较RA骨量正常组显著升高,且OP组糖皮质激素使用率明显高于骨量正常组,差异有统计学意义;③患者年龄、病程、疾病活动度及使用糖皮质激素是RA患者发生骨质疏松的独立危险因素OR(95%CI)分别为1.116(1.013-1.230)、1.775(1.191-2.645)、4.356(1.741-10.898)和9.448(1.040-85.802)。结论 RA患者血清自身抗体、炎症指标及骨代谢指标水平存在不同程度异常,患者年龄、病程、疾病活动度及糖皮质激素使用情况可作为判断RA患者骨质疏松风险的参考指标,有助于指导临床对RA患者疾病发展和病程进行监测,并进行及时的合理治疗。     

修正型人工膝关节

目的 随着人工膝关节手术的普及，对修正型人工膝关节的需求也将增加，为此设计了修正型人工膝关节。股骨部件分左、右侧、胫骨部件呈杯状，有中央突起，二者均用于髓内干固定。方法 从１９９１年７月～１９９７年１２月 ５例类风湿性关节炎、２例骨关节炎（３膝）患者修正型人工膝关节置换术。主要手术指征是原人工膝关节已有明显松动，伴有严重疼育或畸形。结果 随访６月～８年。术后所有虱均有，并纠正了原有的力线畸形。５膝     

Assessment of the usefulness of skin autofluorescence as an indicator of disease activity and of the risk of developing diabetes in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives

Diabetes develops much more often in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in healthy population. One of the parameters which allow to evaluate the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is the level of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in the skin. In patients suffering from RA, an increase in AGE level may be also linked with the course of the underlying disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the AGE level and the course of RA as well as other risk factors for the development of diabetes and CVD.

Material and methods

The study included 148 patients divided into three groups: group I – patients with RA (n = 102, 79 F/23 M), group II – patients with RA and diabetes (n = 21, 14 F/7 M), group III – healthy individuals (n = 25, 16 F/9 M). Each patient underwent a skin autofluorescence signal (SAF) examination with an AGE Reader, which allows the assessment of AGE level, as well as being subjected to the laboratory tests panel. Additionally, patients from group I and II have had their DAS28 (ESR) indicator calculated.

Results

In groups I, II, and III, the respective mean SAF values, expressed in arbitrary units [au], were to 2.54, 2.74, and 1.96 au. Between-group differences in terms of mean SAF values were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Significantly higher mean SAF values in groups I and II as compared to group III suggest that the increase in the AGE level in patients with RA is linked with the underlying disease and does not have to correspond with the real risk of diabetes and CVD. In conclusion, despite the known limitations of the technique, measuring AGE levels allows for closer monitoring of RA patients who are at a higher risk of developing diabetes.     

艾拉莫德对类风湿关节炎外周血破骨细胞分化及破骨细胞相关基因表达的影响

目的观察艾拉莫德对类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)外周血破骨细胞分化形成及破骨细胞相关基因表达的影响。方法使用人核因子kB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)及人巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(macrophage colony-stimulating factor,M-CSF)诱导RA患者外周血淋巴细胞(Peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMCs)分化为成熟破骨细胞,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP)染色进行鉴定。CCK-8法筛选艾拉莫德抑制破骨细胞形成的浓度。观察艾拉莫德25μg/mL、12.5μg/mL、6.25μg/mL对RA患者PBMCs生成破骨细胞的影响,RT-PCR法检测不同浓度艾拉莫德对破骨细胞分化过程中TRAP、组织蛋白酶K(Cathepsin K,CTSK)、细胞核因子κB受体活化因子(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB,RANK)、激活蛋白-1(Activator protein-1,AP-1)mRNA表达的影响。结果 100 ng/mL RANKL和50 ng/mL M-CSF在第14天将RA患者PBMCs诱导为破骨细胞。CCK-8检测结果显示艾拉莫德25μg/mL、12.5μg/mL、6.25μg/mL三个浓度对PBMCs细胞活力无明显影响,且均能抑制破骨细胞的生成,以25μg/mL组最为显著。艾拉莫德能抑制TRAP、CTSK、RANK、AP-1 mRNA的表达水平,且随艾拉莫德浓度的升高抑制作用越明显。结论艾拉莫德通过抑制破骨细胞特异性基因表达来抑制破骨细胞分化、增殖。     

Operative Treatment of Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia: Factors Influencing the Primary Result

The results of 39 synovectomies of the elbow performed during the period 1976-1980 were evaluated, and the factors which may have influenced the success of synovectomy analysed. Synovectomy results were satisfactory in 27 of the cases. Success of synovectomy seems to be related to the operative approach used and not to the radiographic grade of destruction of the elbow or to the duration of the follow-up.     

Results of cementless total knee arthroplasty in an older rheumatoid arthritis population

Fifty-five total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) in thirty-nine adult (mean age, 62 years) patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied prospectively for a period of 1-7 years. All of the procedures were performed using cementless fixation of the tibial and femoral components. The Knee Society clinical rating system mean knee scores increased 56 points after operation (mean, 88 points), and the mean functional scores increased 28 points (mean, 64 points). Two revisions (4%) have been required, one for secondary late infection and one for failure of a cementless metal-backed patellar component. Good bone stock was retained in both, allowing for uneventful cementless revision. Forty-two arthroplasties (76%) were completely pain-free, twelve (22%) had mild, occasional discomfort with weight-bearing, and one (2%) had moderate pain at last examination. In this older rheumatoid population, cementless TKA offers good or excellent early clinical results and excellent preservation of bone stock should revision become necessary.     

Construct validity and response to therapy of the U9 ultrasonographic scale for assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis

ObjectivesTo test the construct validity of the U9 ultrasonographic scale, to determine the cut-off points for different degrees of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity, and to determine whether or not US assessment with the U9 score is useful for monitoring the response to treatment of RA.Material and methodsA prospective, multicenter study was conducted in 4 different centers in Egypt. All RA patients who were recruited were subject to evaluation of clinical disease activity by the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Disease Activity Score of 28 joints based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). Assessment of the Functional Status by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and U9 ultrasound score was performed. All the targeted joints were assessed by EULAR recommendations and the combined score of EULAR/OMERACT (0–3). Targeted tendons scored 0–3. After three months of treatment, CDAI and DAS28-ESR, HAQ, and U9 were repeated to detect the response.ResultsOne hundred and forty patients with mean age 39.26 ±11.30 were recruited from 4 centers. With regard to convergent validity, the U9 ultrasonographic scale was significantly associated with clinical parameters (CDAI and DAS28-ESR) as well as functional state (HAQ) at both visits. Likewise, concerning discriminative validity, the U9 scale showed the ability to distinguish different grades of RA activity, presenting well-defined cut-off points of different grades (severe, moderate, and mild), with very good specificity and sensitivity (11.5, 5.5, and 3.5, respectively). A significant parallel decrease was detected in clinical and sonographic scales at the follow-up assessment.ConclusionsThe U9 ultrasound scale showed good construct (convergent and discriminative) validity and can be used to monitor the disease and therapeutic response to treatment in RA.     

Ultrasound remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess ultrasound (US) remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical remission using different definitions.Material and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study including patients with RA in clinical remission defined by disease activity score (DAS28)-erythrocyte rate (ESR) ≤ 2.6 for at least 6 months. Each patient underwent B-mode and power Doppler (PD) assessments of 42 joints and 20 tendons. B-mode and PD signal for synovitis and tenosynovitis (TS) were defined and graded semi-quantitatively (0–3) according to the outcome measures in rheumatology clinical trials (OMERACT). Several different definitions of US remission were examined: the absence of synovial hypertrophy (SH), TS on B-mode and PD signal, the absence of SH and PD signal, a grade ≤ 1 of SH and the absence of PD, a grade ≤ 1 of SH and PD, the absence of PD, or a grade of PD ≤ 1. The DAS28, clinical disease activity index (CDAI), simple disease activity index (SDAI), and the Boolean American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) remission criteria were compared.ResultsThirty-seven patients were enrolled. The rate of remission according to the different composite indices was 70.2% for the SDAI, 64.8% for the CDAI, and 54% for the ACR/EULAR Boolean criteria. Synovial hypertrophy and TS in B-mode were detected in 94.6% and 40.5% of patients, respectively. Synovitis with PD signal was found in 59.5% and 13.5% of patients had TS with PD, respectively. Ultrasound remission at joints and tendons was found in 5.4–62.2% of patients. For the other remission criteria: CDAI, SDAI, and ACR/EULAR Boolean criteria, 7.7–60% of patients showed US remission at joints and tendons.ConclusionsClinical remission, even classified by strict composite indices, does not seem to be the closest method to the concept of absence of inflammatory activity; hence the interest of integrating US in assessing remission in practice.     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎的疗效分析

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床效果。方法对35例类风湿性关节炎患者(64膝)进行全膝关节置换。根据软组织平衡情况采用后稳定型膝关节非限制性假体(58膝)或者限制性假体(6膝)。根据HSS评分系统对患者手术前后的膝关节功能进行评分。结果 35例均获随访,时间6个月~7年。关节功能明显改善,尤其是在畸形矫正方面效果显著。HSS评分:优27例,良4例,可4例,优良率达88.5%。无感染发生及深静脉血栓形成。结论类风湿性关节炎病理改变复杂,手术难度大,需要很好的软组织平衡技术,韧带损伤严重者需要采用限制性假体才能取得满意的疗效。