用HPLC法分析2′-氟-2′,3′-二脱氧腺苷和2′-氟-2′,3′-二脱氧肌苷

2′氟2′,3′二脱氧腺苷(FddA)及其代谢物2′氟2′,3′二脱氧肌苷(FddI)具有抗HIV的活性。作者用HPLC法同时测定了狗血浆和尿中的FddA和FddI浓度。实验中的内标物质为3′,5′脱水胸苷(IS)。标准品的制备　含有FddA和FddI的血浆和尿标准品的标准曲线范围在血浆中为0.1～20μg·mL-1,在尿中为2～257μg·mL-1。3份血浆对照品(含FddA和FddI为1.0,15.2或50.8μg·mL-1)与2份尿样标准品(含FddA为36.0或366μg·mL-1,含FddI为42.0或420μg·mL-1)经制备后与供试样品一同分析。色谱条件　DuPontZorbaxC8柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm粒径)…     

4,4′-二羟基联苯-3,3′-二醛的合成

合成联苯酚醛作为棉酚的最简单的类似物,供药理试验,观察其抗生育作用。     

5′-RS-1，5-二氧代-（5′-乙基-5′-羟基-2′H，5′H，6′1-6-氧代吡喃）-[3′，4′，f]．Δ^6（8）-四氢中氮茚的合成工艺改进

目的 改进喜树碱关键中间体5′-RS-，5-二氧代-（5′-乙基-5′-羟基-2′H，5′H，6′H-6-氧代吡喃）-[3′，4′，f]-△^6（8）-四氢中氮茚（1）的合成工艺。方法 以6-氰基-1，1-亚乙二氧基-7-（1′-乙氧羰基）丙基-5-氧代-△^6（8）-四氢中氮茚（2）为原料，经氢化和亚硝化、脱氮、混合金属催化氧化、环合及三氟乙酸脱保护反应得到目标产物。结果与结论 新工艺简化了操作、缩短了反应时间，总产率达到了72．4％。     

The Metabolism of the Neuroleptic Agent 1-(4′ -Fluorophenyl)-4-(cyclohexyl-1′-piperazinyl-4′-carboxylate)-butan-1-one Hydrochloride in Rats and Man

1. An oral dose of the neuroleptic agent 1-(4′-fluor ophenyl)-4-(cyclohexyl-1′-[¹⁴ C]piperazinyl-4′-carboxylate)butan-1-one was mainly eliminated in the urine within 12?h by rats and man. During 5 days, 63.6% and 83.3% was eliminated in the urine of rats and man respectively.

2. Plasma concentrations in man reached a maximum during 30 min to 1?h, representing 1.43μg equiv./ml. The proportion of unchanged drug in plasma decreased from 48% at 15 min to less than 10% after 1 h.

3. Seven major radioactive components were detected in the chloroform extract of basified rat urine and five major components in similar extracts of human urine. The major rat metabolites were isolated and identified by mass spectrometry as components resulting from mono- and dihydroxylation in the cyclohexane ring, reduction of the keto group to a secondary alcohol and hydrolysis and decarboxylation of the cyclohexylcarbamoyl group. The major metabolite in the rat urine extract was the dihydroxylated secondary alcohol derivative while the major human metabolite was the monohydroxylated secondary alcohol derivative. The metabolites were also partly eliminated as conjugates.     

4′-苄氧基-3′-硝基苯乙酮的合成工艺研究

以对羟基苯乙酮为原料 ,经硝化和苄醚化合成了平喘药福莫特罗的重要中间体 4′ 苄氧基 3′ 硝基苯乙酮 ,反应总收率为 6 9% ,方法简单、可行 ,适于工业化生产。     

查尔酮类天然产物2′,4′-二羟基-6′-甲氧基-3′,5′-二甲基查耳酮的研究进展

2′,4′-二羟基-6′-甲氧基-3′,5′-二甲基查耳酮(DMC)是一种来源于多种植物的查尔酮类天然产物,具有良好的药理活性。本文从理化性质、来源、提取与检测、化学合成、药理活性等方面对DMC的国内外研究进展进行综述,为DMC的前药设计和开发提供参考依据。     

Toxicity of 1,1′-alkyl-4,4′-Bipyridylium Salts in the Rat

ABSTRACT

Methyl (paraquat), propyl, isopropyl, butyl, methyl-pentyl, hexyl, octyl and benzyl viologens. (1,1′-Alkyl-4,4′-bipyridylium salts) were administered subcutaneously to female Sprague-Dawley rats to determine relative toxicities. These compounds all produce the spectrum of effects previously reported for paraquat and additionally produce a focal necrosis at the injection site, non-emptying of the stomach and adrenal enlargement. A lethal dose of propyl, hexyl or benzyl viologen often produced a yellow to red serous fluid in the pleural cavity. Many of the signs observed with viologen poisoning are similar to adrenal hormone effects and the suggestion is made that the adrenals may be contributing to toxicity.     

3-(3′-甲基-4′-取代苯基-1′,3′-丁二烯基)吲哚类衍生物的合成及其抗癌活性

目的　研究3-(3′-甲基-4′-取代苯基-1′,3′-丁二烯基)吲哚类衍生物的合成及其抗癌活性。方法　通过亲电取代、羟醛缩合、选择性还原、相转移Wittig反应和水解反应合成目的化合物,利用几种药理模型进行抗癌和抗炎活性筛选。结果　设计合成了11个3-(3′-甲基-4′-取代苯基-1′,3′-丁二烯基)吲哚化合物,均为新化合物。生物活性实验结果表明,化合物8对HL-60,HCT-8和Bel7402癌细胞株有效,且在浓度为10^-5mol·L^-1时,其抗炎抑制率可达100％。结论　化合物8显示了抑癌作用和抗炎活性,值得进一步研究。     

5′-RS-1,5-二氧代-(5′-乙基-5′-羟基-2′H,5′H,6′H-6-氧代吡喃)-[3′,4′,f]-Δ6(8)-四氢中氮茚的合成工艺改进

目的改进喜树碱关键中间体5′-RS-1,5-二氧代-(5′-乙基-5′-羟基-2′H,5′H,6′H-6-氧代吡喃) -[3′,4′,f]-Δ6(8)-四氢中氮茚(1)的合成工艺.方法以6-氰基-1,1-亚乙二氧基-7-(1′-乙氧羰基)丙基-5-氧代-Δ6(8)-四氢中氮茚(2)为原料,经氢化和亚硝化、脱氮、混合金属催化氧化、环合及三氟乙酸脱保护反应得到目标产物.结果与结论新工艺简化了操作、缩短了反应时间,总产率达到了72.4%.     

2′-溴代-2′-脱氧-3′,5′-O-二丙酰基-β-D-核糖胸苷合成工艺的研究

目的改进2′-溴代-2′-脱氧-3′,5′-O-二丙酰基-β-D-核糖胸苷的合成工艺.方法以胸腺嘧啶和四乙酰核糖为原料,经过硅烷化保护、缩合、皂化、卤化反应合成.结果与其他文献方法比较,该法具有操作简单、收率高、成本低等特点.结论 适用于工业化生产.     

3(3′-甲基-4′-取代苯基-1′,3′-丁二烯基)吲哚类衍生物的合成及其抗癌活性

目的　研究 3 (3′ 甲基 4′ 取代苯基 1′ ,3′ 丁二烯基 )吲哚类衍生物的合成及其抗癌活性。方法　通过亲电取代、羟醛缩合、选择性还原、相转移Wittig反应和水解反应合成目的化合物 ,利用几种药理模型进行抗癌和抗炎活性筛选。结果　设计合成了 11个 3 (3′ 甲基 4′ 取代苯基 1′ ,3′ 丁二烯基 )吲哚化合物 ,均为新化合物。生物活性实验结果表明 ,化合物 8对HL 6 0 ,HCT 8和Bel740 2癌细胞株有效 ,且在浓度为 10 -5mol·L-1时 ,其抗炎抑制率可达 10 0 %。结论　化合物 8显示了抑癌作用和抗炎活性 ,值得进一步研究。     

Gender-Related Difference in the Toxicity of Ultraviolet Absorber 2-(3′,5′-Di-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole in Rats

2-(3′,5′-Di-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (DBHCB) is widely used as an ultraviolet absorber. Previously, we showed that male rats had more than a 100 times higher susceptibility to the toxic effects of DBHCB than females. In order to investigate the role of sex steroids in the mediation of this gender-related difference, DBHCB (0 or 250?mg/kg/day) was given to male and female young intact and castrated rats by gavage for 28 days in the current study. In intact rats, relative liver weight increased to more than two times that of the control in males, while the rate of change was less than 10% in females. On histopathology, hypertrophy of hepatocytes was observed in males but not in females. In castrated rats, an approximately 40% increase in the relative liver weight was found only in males, and no histopathological changes in the liver were detected in either sex. The gender-related difference was also determined in preweaning rats administered DBHCB at 0, 250, or 500?mg/kg/day by gavage from postnatal days 4 to 21. Blood biochemical changes, including increases in the levels of AST, ALT, and ALP, 80–95% increase in the relative liver weight and histopathological changes in the liver, such as hypertrophy and single cell necrosis of hepatocytes, were observed at both doses in both sexes. In conclusion, the gender-related difference in the toxicity of DBHCB, which was observed in young rats, was markedly reduced by castration and abolished in preweaning rats.     

5-氟脲嘧啶-2′-脱氧核苷的试制

5-氟脲嘧啶-2′-脱氧核苷(FUDR)为一种抗代谢药物,可抑制胸腺嘧啶核苷合成酶,阻断脲嘧啶脱氧核苷转变为胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷,影响DNA的生物合成,从而抑制肿瘤生长。用于治疗进行手术困难的肿瘤如直肠癌、结肠癌、胃癌、肝癌等。     

Role of Brain Tissue Localized Purine Metabolizing Enzymes in the Central Nervous System Delivery of Anti-HIV Agents 2′-β-Fluoro-2,3′-Dideoxyinosine and 2′-β-Fluoro-2′,3′-Dideoxyadenosine in Rats

Purpose. This study examines the central nervous system (CNS) delivery of 2--fluoro-2,3-dideoxyadenosine (F-ddA) and 2--fluoro-2,3-dideoxyinosine (F-ddl), acid stable analogues of dideoxyadenosine (ddA) and dideoxyinosine (ddI) having reduced susceptibility to purine salvage pathway enzymes important in the metabolism of ddA and ddI, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), respectively. Their CNS delivery compared to that for ddI provides insight into the role of brain tissue ADA and PNP in these processes. Methods. Brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration-time profiles were obtained for F-ddI during and after intravenous infusions of F-ddl, and for both F-ddA and F-ddI after F-ddA infusions in normal rats or rats pre-treated with the ADA inhibitor 2-deoxycoformycin (DCF). Rate constants for CNS entry, efflux and metabolism were estimated by computer fits using plasma concentration-time profiles as the driving force functions. Results. The CNS delivery of F-ddI did not differ significantly from that for ddI. F-ddA, which is more lipophilic than F-ddI, provided higher brain ( 8×) and CSF ( 11×) concentrations of total dideoxynucleoside (F-ddA and F-ddI) compared to F-ddI. Deamination by brain tissue ADA to form F-ddI reduced CNS levels of intact F-ddA but provided higher brain parenchyma (5×) and CSF/plasma (3×) ratios of F-ddI relative to F-ddI controls. Thus, F-ddA functions in part as a CNS-activated prodrug of F-ddI. DCF pre-treatment inhibited brain tissue ADA, abolishing the prodrug effect, and enhancing F-ddA concentrations in both brain parenchyma (5×) and CSF (6×). Conclusions. PNP metabolism does not appear to play a role in the low CNS delivery of ddI. On the other hand, deamination of F-ddA by brain tissue ADA is an important process, such that F-ddA functions in part as a CNS-activated prodrug of F-ddI. Enhanced CNS uptake of intact F-ddA can be achieved with ADA inhibition.     

Gonadal Influence on the Toxicity of 2-(2′-Hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-butylphenyl) benzotriazole in Rats

Previously, we showed that susceptibility of male rats to the toxicity of an ultraviolet absorber, 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole (HDBB), was nearly 25 times higher than that of females. In the current study, we investigated the role of sex steroids in the mediation of the gender-related difference using castrated rats. Male and female castrated CD(SD) rats were given HDBB by gavage at 0, 0.5, 2.5, or 12.5 mg/kg/day for 28 days. No deaths, clinical signs of toxicity, or changes in body weight or food consumption were found at any doses. Blood biochemical changes suggestive of hepatic damage, such as increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase, were detected at 12.5 mg/kg/day in males. Absolute and relative liver weight increased at 0.5 mg/kg/day and above in males and at 12.5 mg/kg/day in females. In the liver, histopathological changes, such as nucleolar enlargement, increased mitosis, hypertrophy in hepatocytes, and/or focal necrosis were observed at 0.5 mg/kg/day and above in males, and at 2.5 mg/kg/day and above in females. These findings indicate that castration markedly reduced the gender-related differences in toxicity of HDBB in rats.     

异黄酮衍生物的合成——Ⅲ.7,8-二甲氧基-3′-N,N-二乙胺基甲基-4′-羟基和2-甲基-7-甲氧基-3′-N,N-二乙胺基甲基-4′-羟基异黄酮的合成

合成了异黄酮衍生物1528和1519.1528的合成是由1,2,3-三羟基苯经Hoesch反应,制得2,3,4-三羟基-4′-硝基脱氧安息香。参照合成1441方法,合成了7,8-二甲氧基-3′-N,N-二乙胺基甲基-4′-羟基异黄酮(I).1519的合成是由2,4-二羟基-4′-硝基脱氧安息香与醋酸钠在醋酐中缩合,再水解制得2-甲基-7-羟基-4′-硝基异黄酮,参照合成1441方法合成了2-甲基-7-甲氧基-3′-N,N-二乙胺基甲基-4′-羟基异黄酮(Ⅱ)。药理实验证实,它们抗缺氧作用不如1441。     

Repeated-Dose and Reproductive Toxicity of the Ultraviolet Absorber 2-(3′,5′-Di- tert-butyl-2′-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole in Rats

2-(3′,5′-Di-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (DBHCB) is widely used as an ultraviolet (UV) absorber. In this study, the repeated dose and reproductive toxicity of DBHCB was evaluated in rats. Crj:CD(SD)IGS rats were given DBHCB by gavage at 0, 2.5, 25, or 250 mg/kg/d. Male and female rats were dosed beginning 28 d before mating, and each female rat was mated with a male rat of the same dosage group. Males were dosed for a total of 56–57 d, and females were dosed for a total of 55–69 d up to Day 3 of lactation throughout the mating and pregnancy periods. Ten males from each group were killed on the next day of the last administration, and 10 females were killed on Days 4–6 after parturition. Five rats/sex treated at 0 and 250 mg/kg/d for 56 d were then kept without treatment for 14 d (recovery period). No deaths were found in any group. No effects of DBHCB on general condition, body weight, food consumption, or reproductive/developmental parameters were observed. Significant increases in serum albumin and an albumin/globulin ratio at 25 mg/kg/d and higher and alkaline phosphatase levels at 250 mg/kg/d were noted in males. The absolute and relative weights of the liver were significantly increased in males at 25 mg/kg/d and higher. Significantly increased serum albumin and absolute and relative liver weight were also found in males at 250 mg/kg/d after the recovery period. No changes in these parameters were observed in females of any DBHCB-treated groups. No significant changes in organ histopathology were found in males or females. These findings indicated a sex difference in the toxicity of DBHCB in rats.     

N~6-2′-O-双丁酰-3′,5′-环化腺苷酸的生产

随着cAMP作用机理研究的深入,人们发现cAMP进入机体后很容易被磷酸二酯酶水解而失去作用的弊病。此外Posternak等人认为,由于cAMP分子具有一定的极性,影响进入细胞的能力。所以近几年来对cAMP衍生物的研究及试制开始引起人们的注意。迄今已合成的cAMP衍生物中大致不外乎以下几类:(1)N~6—NH_2部位的改变;(2)2'—OH的取代;(3)磷酰基的改变;(4)C—8的取代。而最早合成及使用最多的衍生物是N~6—2’—O—双丁酰环化腺苷酸(DBC),于1967年经Falbriard合成。我们在按Falbriard方法     

2-氰基-4′-甲基联苯的制备

用对氯甲苯和镁粉在碘引发下反应得到的格氏试剂和邻氯苯基氰在三甲基碘硅烷催化下缩合，得到沙坦类抗高血压药物的中间体2-氰基-4′-甲基联苯，收率89％。     

4-硝基-4′-氨基二苯醚的合成

据报道,硝硫氰醚具有广谱抗蠕虫活性,对曼氏血吸虫和各种绦虫有强烈的驱杀作用,已有商品出售,国内报道该药对日本血吸虫病有较好的治疗作用。 4-硝基-4′-氨基二苯醚是硝硫氰醚的重要中间体。国内原采用对氯硝基苯和对乙酰