硒酸酯多糖对癌症患者血清MDA含量及CuZn—SOD活性的影响

了解硒酸酯多糖对肿瘤患者丛内ＭＤＡ及ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ活性的影响。方法；对６０例肿瘤病人随机分成３组：不服硒组，服硒４００μｈ／ｄ组及服８００μｇ／ｄ组并与１５名正常人对照比较。结果：癌症患者血清ＭＤＡ明显高于正常人，血清Ｓｅ及ＣｕＺＮ－ＳＯＤ活性明显低于正常人，服硒酸酯多糖者化疗后血清Ｓｅ较不服者明显升高，ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ也明显升高，ＭＤＡ含量显著下降；     

食管癌,胃癌患者血清和组织中CuZn—SOD—1含量观察

应用双抗体放射免疫分析法测定２５例食管癌、２０例胃癌血清ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ－１含量，发现其含量显著高于慢性胃炎（ｎ＝２８）及正常人（ｎ＝１７）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。血清ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ－１含量也明显高于良性组织（Ｐ＜０．０５）。组织ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ－１含量与血清ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ－１浓度呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．７９６，ｎ＝２３，Ｐ＜０．００５）。表明ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ－１可望成为一种新的消化道肿瘤标志物，并可     

肺癌患者血清超氧化物歧化酶同工酶活力测定及其意义

对肺癌患者、肺部良性疾患者及健康人血清超氧化物歧化酶（Ｔ—ＳＯＤ）总活性及其铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＣｕＺｎ—ＳＯＤ）和锰超氧化物歧化酶（Ｍｎ—ＳＯＤ）同工酶活性进行测定。结果表明；随癌变发生，宿主血清总ＳＯＤ活力逐渐下降，健康组（１４．６３±２．１７Ｎｕ／ｍｌ）与肺部良性疾患组（１４．３７±２．２３Ｎｕ／ｍｌ）相比，后者呈下降趋势，但两组间差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；二者与肺癌组（１２．８５±２．９６Ｎｕ／ｍｌ）相比，差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。健康组血清ＣｕＺｎ—ＳＯＤ活性（７．４２±１．７Ｎｕ／ｍｌ）与肺部良性组ＣｕＺｎ—ＳＯＤ活性（７．０９±１．４３Ｎｕ／ｍｌ）相比，后者下降，但二者差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；而肺癌组ＣｕＺｎ—ＳＯＤ活性（６．０１±１．４６Ｎｕ／ｍｌ）与健康组和肺部良性组差异均有极显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｍｎ—ＳＯＤ活性在各组间差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。检测人血清ＳＯＤ及其同工酶活性，将有助于肺癌的诊断及治疗。     

食管癌、胃癌患者血清和组织中CuZn－SOD－1含量观察

应用双抗体放射免疫分析法测定２５例食管癌、２０例胃癌血清Ｃｕｚｎ－ＳＯＤ－１含量，发现其含量显著高于慢性胃炎（ｎ＝２８）及正常人（ｎ＝１７）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。血清ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ－ｌ含量在正常人、慢性胃炎、慢性胃炎伴肠上皮化生及胃癌序列中依次递增。２６例癌组织ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ－ｌ含量也明显高于良性组织（Ｐ＜０．０５）。组织ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ－ｌ含量与血清ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ－１浓度呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．７９６，ｎ＝２３，ｐ＜０．００５）。表明ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ－ｌ可望成为一种新的消化道肿瘤标志物，并可作为监测胃癌危险人群的一种辅助手段。     

榄香烯对肺癌患者血液SOD活性和LPO浓度的影响研究

２５例晚期肺癌患者使用榄香烯３００ｍｇ＋生理盐水５００ｍｌ静脉滴注达１０天。使用前测定结果，Ｐ－ＳＯＤ２１．７２±７．８３Ｕ／ｍｌ，Ｅ－ＳＯＤ１７２４．９１±１８６．３４Ｕ／ｇ．Ｈｂ，较正常对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｐ－ＬＰＯ１３．４７±１．９９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｅ－ＬＰＯ３９．８３±４．８３ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ．Ｈｂ，较正常对照组显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。静脉使用榄香烯后，Ｐ－ＳＯＤ和Ｅ－ＳＯＤ活性明显改善，前、后对照有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ｅ－ＬＰＯ明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ｐ－ＬＰＯ恢复正常，和正常组相比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示肺癌患者存在细胞抗氧化功能受损和脂质过氧化；榄香烯具有抗氧化功能，提高患者的免疫力，改善患者全身状况之功效     

绞股蓝多糖（GPS）生物学作用的研究

本文报道绞股蓝多糖（ＧＰＳ）的生物学作用──抗氧化作用、细胞免疫促进作用。实验结果表明：①ＧＰＳ５ｍｇ／只／天灌胃，能降低正常小鼠脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）水平（Ｐ＜０．０５），能提高正常小鼠超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。②ＧＰＳ５０ｍｇ／只／天灌胃，能显著降低亚急性衰老模型小鼠脂质过氧化水平（Ｐ＜０．０１），能显著提高亚急性衰老模型小鼠超氧化物歧化酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０１），③ＧＰＳ具有显著的细胞免疫促进作用。小鼠自由饮用ＧＰＳ１ｇ／ｄｌ，２０天后脾细胞增殖反应，腹腔巨噬细胞补体Ｃ３ｂ受体及巨噬细胞吞噬功能均显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

急性白血病患者血清Mn—SOD和Cu·Zn—SOD活力的初探

采用亚硝酸盐法测定３０例正常人和５０例急性白血病患者血清ＳＯＤ活力变化，结果正常人ＳＯＤ总活力９４．４３±１４．５６Ｎｕ／ｍｌ，Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ／Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ比值０．５３±０．１６。初分析，急性白血病患者ＳＯＤ总活力７９．７９±２９．７６Ｎｕ／ｍｌ，比正常人明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），而Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ／Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ比值则较正常人明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），缓解期患者ＳＯＤ总活力和Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ／Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ比值分别为９１．５４±２１．５２Ｎｕ／ｍｌ和０．４６±０．２９均接近正常水平（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在综合分析各种ＳＯＤ活力的基础上，表明白血病患者血清ＳＯＤ变化与疾病的发生和发展有关。     

亚硒酸钠和叶绿酸抗致癌物诱发BALB／3T3细胞DNA非程序合成的研究

本文报道１０６～１０４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ亚硒酸钠（Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３）和０．１ｍｇ～０．２ｍｇ／ｍｌ叶绿酸对致癌物Ｎ－甲基－Ｎ’－硝基－Ｎ－亚硝基胍（ＭＮＮＧ）和苯并［ａ］芘（ＢａＰ）诱发ＢＡＬＢ／３Ｔ３细胞ＤＮＡ非程序合成（ＵＤＳ）有明显的抑制作用（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）。加致癌物前２４小时加入Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３或叶绿酸，其抑制作用大于同时加入者（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３与叶绿酸联合作用比单独使用抑制作用更强（Ｐ＜０．００１）。加入超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）抑制剂二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠能减弱叶绿酸对两种致癌物的抑制作用（Ｐ＜０．０１和＜０．０５），提示其作用机理可能与ＳＯＤ消除自由基有关。     

肺癌患者血清氧自由基清除剂含量的测定

同时检测了７２例原发性肺癌、３３例肺良性疾病和３５例健康人血清中总超氧化物歧化酶（Ｔ－ＳＯＤ）、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ），锰超氧化物歧化酶（Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ），铜蓝蛋白（ＣＰ）活力及尿酸（ＵＡ）含量。肺癌血清Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ及ＵＡ水平显著高于肺良性疾病和健康组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ对肺癌诊断的敏感性为８６．１１％，特异性为９１．１８％，诊断正确率为８８．５７％。晚期肺癌患者Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ活力高于早期病人（Ｐ＜０．０５），８例肺癌手术后Ｔ－ＳＯＤ及Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ与ＵＡ并联检测敏感性为９４．４４％，特异性为８５．２９％，诊断正确率为９０％。Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ、ＵＡ和ＣＰ全部测定时敏感性则为９７．２２％，特异性为７７．９４％，诊断正确率为８７．８６％。结果提示，肺癌患者血清氧自由基清除剂水平增高。对肺癌诊断、鉴别诊断、病情分析及手术疗效监测起重要作用。     

食管癌手术前后SOD动态变化的临床观察

本文报告２０例食管癌患者手术前的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）动态变化的临床观察结果，提示：（１）术前总ＳＯＤ与术中和术后比较，有显著差异或非常显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）；（２）术中ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ明显高于术前（Ｐ〈０．０１）；（３）ＭｎＳＯＤ在整个围术期无明显变化（Ｐ〉０．０５）。作者对这些变化的临床意义进行了讨论。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。