放疗联合热疗治疗颈部淋巴结转移癌的临床疗效观察

目的:观察颈部淋巴结转移癌放射治疗加热疗的临床疗效.方法:100例颈部转移癌患者,随机分成2组,热疗加放疗组(H+R),单纯放疗组(R),两组病例放射治疗均采用8MV-X射线照射,DT:2Gy/次,1日1次,1周5次,H+R组病人1周配合2次热疗,共进行10次.结果:治疗剂量达50Gy时,放疗+热疗组CR+PR:92%,单纯放疗组CR+PR:76%,二者有显著性差异;放疗+热疗组,剂量达56-60Gy时,CR:72%,单纯放疗组,剂量达66-70Gy时,CR:44%,二者有显著性差异.结论:放疗联合热疗治疗可减少放射治疗剂量,减轻局部放射负损伤,提高病灶消退率,使颈部淋巴结转移癌疗效明显提高.     

恒温水循环腔内加热并放疗治疗食管癌的初步临床研究

为了探讨应用恒温水循环三腔球囊食管癌腔内热疗并体外放疗对食管癌的近期疗效及不良反应,将40例食管癌患者抽签法随机分为食管腔内球囊加热并放疗(R H)组和单纯放疗(RT)组,每组患者各20例。食管腔内恒温水循环球囊加热,1次/周,共4~6次,加热60min/次,肿瘤表面温度控制在44·5℃。放疗采用6MV直线加速器,DT60Gy,2Gy/次,5次/周。R H组完全缓解率(CR)为65%,RT组为30%,两组比较差异有统计学意义,χ2=4·49,P<0·05。初步研究结果提示,恒温水循环食管腔内球囊加热合并体外放射治疗可以提高食管癌的近期疗效和肿瘤的局部控制率,不良反应轻,患者可以接受,对食管癌放疗的远期生存可能会产生一定影响。     

三维适形放疗联合射频热疗治疗食管上段癌的临床观察

目的 分析三维适形放疗联合射频热疗治疗食管上段癌的疗效,与单纯放疗作对比.方法 48例食管上段癌随机分2组,每组24例.单纯放疗组:DT 60～70 Gy/30～35次/6～7周;综合治疗组:DT 60～70 Gy/30～35次/6～7周,放疗期间加用SR-1000型射频热疗,每周两次,功率500～800 W,每次加热1 h,共6次.结果 综合治疗组的近期疗效(CR+PR)为95.8%,明显高于单纯放疗组的70.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 联合方法即三维适形放疗+射频热疗能提高食管癌的近期治疗效果.     

放疗联合热疗治疗颈部淋巴结转移癌的临床疗效观察

目的：观察颈部淋巴结转移癌放射治疗加热疗的临床疗效。方法：100例颈部转移癌患者,随机分成2组,热疗加放疗组（H＋R）,单纯放疗组（R）,两组病例放射治疗均采用8MV-X射线照射,DT：2Gy/次,1日1次,1周5次,H＋R组病人1周配合2次热疗,共进行10次。结果：治疗剂量达50Gy时,放疗＋热疗组CR＋PR：92%,单纯放疗组CR＋PR：76%,二者有显著性差异;放疗＋热疗组,剂量达56-60Gy时,CR：72%,单纯放疗组,剂量达66-70Gy时,CR：44%,二者有显著性差异。结论：放疗联合热疗治疗可减少放射治疗剂量,减轻局部放射负损伤,提高病灶消退率,使颈部淋巴结转移癌疗效明显提高。     

鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移综合治疗的远期疗效观察

目的 观察鼻咽癌放化疗配合颈部淋巴结微波热疗的远期疗效.方法 154例初治N2～N3期鼻咽癌患者随机分为对照组(78例)和热疗组(76例).对照组用氟尿嘧啶+顺铂化疗1～2周期(21 d为1周期)后原发灶常规放疗DT 70～78 Gy分35～39次,颈淋巴结转移灶DT 68～72 Gy分34～36次.热疗组放化疗方法同对照组,颈淋巴结于放疗第1周开始配合局部热疗,每次加温45min,2次/周,共8～14次.结果 热疗组、对照组5年颈淋巴结局部控制率分别为97%和77%(X2=14.24,P<0.01),远处转移率分别为37%、44%(X2=0.73,P>0.05),无瘤生存率分别为51%、21%(X2=15.91,P<0.01),总生存率分别为59%、41%(X2=5.09,P<0.05).结论 对N2、N3期鼻咽癌放化疗配合颈淋巴结微波热疗的5年颈淋巴结局部控制率、无瘤生存率和总生存率均优于单纯放化疗组.     

鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移综合治疗的远期疗效观察

目的 观察鼻咽癌放化疗配合颈部淋巴结微波热疗的远期疗效.方法 154例初治N2～N3期鼻咽癌患者随机分为对照组(78例)和热疗组(76例).对照组用氟尿嘧啶+顺铂化疗1～2周期(21 d为1周期)后原发灶常规放疗DT 70～78 Gy分35～39次,颈淋巴结转移灶DT 68～72 Gy分34～36次.热疗组放化疗方法同对照组,颈淋巴结于放疗第1周开始配合局部热疗,每次加温45min,2次/周,共8～14次.结果 热疗组、对照组5年颈淋巴结局部控制率分别为97%和77%(X2=14.24,P<0.01),远处转移率分别为37%、44%(X2=0.73,P>0.05),无瘤生存率分别为51%、21%(X2=15.91,P<0.01),总生存率分别为59%、41%(X2=5.09,P<0.05).结论 对N2、N3期鼻咽癌放化疗配合颈淋巴结微波热疗的5年颈淋巴结局部控制率、无瘤生存率和总生存率均优于单纯放化疗组.     

鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移综合治疗的远期疗效观察

目的 观察鼻咽癌放化疗配合颈部淋巴结微波热疗的远期疗效.方法 154例初治N2～N3期鼻咽癌患者随机分为对照组(78例)和热疗组(76例).对照组用氟尿嘧啶+顺铂化疗1～2周期(21 d为1周期)后原发灶常规放疗DT 70～78 Gy分35～39次,颈淋巴结转移灶DT 68～72 Gy分34～36次.热疗组放化疗方法同对照组,颈淋巴结于放疗第1周开始配合局部热疗,每次加温45min,2次/周,共8～14次.结果 热疗组、对照组5年颈淋巴结局部控制率分别为97%和77%(X2=14.24,P<0.01),远处转移率分别为37%、44%(X2=0.73,P>0.05),无瘤生存率分别为51%、21%(X2=15.91,P<0.01),总生存率分别为59%、41%(X2=5.09,P<0.05).结论 对N2、N3期鼻咽癌放化疗配合颈淋巴结微波热疗的5年颈淋巴结局部控制率、无瘤生存率和总生存率均优于单纯放化疗组.     

三维适形放疗联合射频热疗治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效观察

目的探讨三维适形放疗联合射频热疗治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效。方法 48例中晚期食管癌随机分成2组,每组24例。单纯放疗组：DT 2 Gy/次,共30～35次,6～7周完成;综合治疗组：DT 2 Gy/次,共30～35次,6～7周完成,放疗期间加用HY7000-1型射频热疗,每周2次,功率500～800 W,每次加热1 h,共6次。结果综合治疗组的近期有效率为95.8%,明显高于单纯放疗组的70.8%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论三维适形放疗联合射频热疗能提高中晚期食管癌的近期治疗效果。     

腔内加温合并放疗局部进展期宫颈癌的远期疗效分析

目的 前瞻性非随机对照比较腔内加温合并放疗与单纯放疗的远期疗效及并发症.方法 对中晚期官颈癌310例进行分析,腔内加温合并放疗181例(热放疗组);体外照射合并传统腔内放疗129例(放疗组).体外放疗采用60Coγ线或6～8 MV X线常规分割放疗.加温组给盆腔前后对穿野中平面40 Gy后,缩野从体两侧水平加最至60～65 Gy;腔内加温采用915 MHz微波热疗机,附有阴道施源器,肿瘤表面温度46～47℃,2次/周,40 min/次,共加温10～12次.放疗组给予盆腔前后对穿照射,中平面加Gy.1989年前腔内放疗用后装上镭(官腔50 mg,阴道30mg,24 h/次,1次/周,共3次,总量7200 mg·h)与外照射交替进行,1989年后腔内照射采用192Ir源,5～6 Gy/次,2次/周,给予A点总量30～36 Gy.结果 Ⅱ期病例热放疗组、放疗组5年生存率分别为67.4%、52.1%(χ2=7.55,P=0.006),10年生存率分别为46.5%、42.6%(χ2=3.90,P=0.058);Ⅲ期病例5年生存率分别为60.0%、32.3%(χ2=7.06,P=0.007),10年生存率分别为43.7%、20.6%(χ2=17.28,P=0.000).Cox回归分析显示肿瘤分期(P=0.023)、足否接受热疗(P=0.019)是影响牛存的因素.晚期轻中度放射性直肠炎和膀胱炎热放疗组、放疗组分别为32例(17.7%)、42例(33.1%)(χ2=9.18,P=0.002),直肠阴道瘘分别为1例(0.6%)、5例(3.9%)(χ2=4.38,P=0.036).结论 腔内加温合并外照射治疗中晚期宫颈癌远期疗效明显优于单纯放疗,晚期副反应也明显低且无严重副反应发生,值得进一步随机临床研究.     

放疗加热疗治疗中晚期食管癌的前瞻性临床研究

为观察 12 8例Ⅱ期以上食管癌放疗合并热疗的近期和远期临床疗效 ,将 12 8例Ⅱ期以上食管癌随机分为两组。外照射放疗合并热疗为热放疗组 (R +H组 ) ,单纯外照射为放疗组 (RT组 )。放疗采用常规放疗 ,热疗每周采用 2次 ,共 4～ 6次 ,全部病例均随访 5年以上。结果为 :1)近期疗效 :R +H组有效率分别为CR 5 4 7% ( 3 5 64 )、PR 2 9 7% ( 19 64 ) ;RT组有效率分别为CR 3 2 8% ( 2 1 64 )、PR 18 7% ( 12 64 ) ,两者比较前者明显升高 ,P <0 0 5。 2 )R +H组 1、3、5年生存率分别为78 1% ( 5 0 64 )、42 2 % ( 2 7 64 )和 3 1 2 % ( 2 0 64 ) ,RT组 1、3、5年生存率分别为 5 9 4% ( 3 8 64 )、2 5 % ( 16 64 )和 15 6%( 10 64 ) ,两组比较热放组明显升高 ,P <0 0 5。初步研究结果提示 ,食管癌放疗同时联合热疗有放射疗效增强作用     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.