腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉结扎治疗下肢静脉曲张

目的　观察腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉结扎 (SEPS)在下肢静脉曲张治疗中的疗效。　方法　 1 999年 1 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 1 2月手术治疗静脉曲张 1 0 8例 ,其中 34例 41侧患肢行 SEPS。男 1 6例 ,女 1 8例 ,年龄 2 0～ 79岁。病程 1～45年 ,平均 1 6.1年。双下肢病变 7例。 2 6例 30侧患肢有静脉性溃疡 ,溃疡直径 1 .5～ 1 2 .0 cm不等 ;8例 1 1侧患肢有色素沉着 ,皮肤病损 1个月～ 1 5年。根据病情分别或同时选用大隐静脉高位结扎和抽剥、小腿曲张浅静脉连续环形缝扎、股静脉瓣膜外修复成形和 SEPS术。　结果　 34例手术顺利 ;术后 1 9侧患肢溃疡 1个月内愈合 ,7侧患肢溃疡 3个月内愈合 ,4侧患肢行游离植皮后溃疡愈合。经术后 9～ 2 2个月的随访 ,溃疡无复发。　结论　 SEPS促进了静脉性溃疡的愈合 ,是治疗下肢静脉功能不全的重要方法之一。     

SUTURE HAEMORRHOIDECTOMY: A DAY-ONLY ALTERNATIVE

Background: Haemorrhoidectomy is a common treatment for third degree symptomatic haemorrhoids. and day surgery has increased because of increasing pressure for hospital beds. The aim of the present study is to describe a technique of suture haemorrhoidectomy (SH), conducted as a day-only procedure, and compare the effectiveness and outcomes of this method with the conventional Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy (MMH). Methods: The results of 18 consecutive patients, mean age 52 years (31–73) undergoing SH between April 1994 and June 1995 were compared with a historical control group of 17 consecutive patients, mean age 45 years (29–72). who had MMH in the preceding year. Seven patients were excluded because of intercurrent anal pathology (1), thrombosed haemorrhoids (1) or loss to follow-up (5). An interviewer followed up patients using a telephone questionnaire. Results: Mean follow-up was 6 months in the SH group and 18 months in the MMH group. There was no significant difference in total operative time. The SH group had a significantly shorter mean time to first void of 3 h versus 11 h (P < 0.005). mean time to first bowel action of 11 h versus 48 h (P < 0.005) and mean in-hospital stay of 10 h versus 77 h (P < 0.005). The SH group had a significantly decreased linear analogue pain scale, a mean of 1 versus 3 (P < 0.05). The complications were: two readmissions for pain relief in the SH group and urinary retention in one MMH patient. None of the study group have had recurrence of haemorrhoids. Conclusion: Suture haemorrhoidectomy as a day-only procedure is safe, less painful and reduces in-hospital admission time. The long-term effectiveness and complications of the technique are as yet undetermined.     

DUPLEX SCANNING FOR RECURRENT VARICOSE VEINS

Background: Most studies of recurrent varicose veins have been based on the findings clinically, at operation, or on phlebog-raphy. Occasionally these findings have been compared with Doppler findings produced by hand-held continuous-wave Doppler. Duplex scanning is a more refined approach to the assessment of recurrent varicose veins. Methods: 202 patients (267 legs) have been examined consecutively for recurrent varicose veins between January 1990 and December 1995 at St George Vascular Laboratory. This was a retrospective study of some aspects and patterns of recurrence of varicose veins in this group. Results: The ratio of female to male was 3 :1. The mean age of the group was 52 years and mean time to recurrence was 13 years (1 year 95% CI). There were six patterns of recurrence accounting for 95.2% of legs. In descending order of frequency, these were: (i) the saphenofemoral junction and long saphenous vein were intact and incompetent (44.6%); (ii) an incompetent thigh perforator and long saphenous vein remained intact; there was no saphenofemoral junction (16.5%); (iii) the long saphenous vein remained intact and incompetent; there was no saphenofemoral junction (10.5%); (iv) there was an incompetent saphenofemoral junction only (9.74%); (v) there was an intact and incompetent saphenopopliteal junction alone (9.74%); and (vi) an isolated thigh perforator was incompetent, with no more proximal site of incompetence detected (4.12%). Incompetent calf perforator (69.2%) and gastrocnemius veins (9.3%) were frequently detected, but rarely existed in isolation (seven legs in total). Conclusions: Duplex scanning is an important recent adjunct to the management of recurrent varicose veins in order to define the ‘pathway of incompetence’. The saphenofemoral junction and long saphenous vein remain the key to recurrence of varicose veins. Calf perforator and gastrocnemius vein incompetence are of secondary importance in recurrent varicose veins.     

INVAGINATION STRIPPING OF THE LONG AND SHORT SAPHENOUS VEIN USING THE PIN STRIPPER

The technique of invagination stripping (IS) of the long saphenous vein (LSV) and short saphenous vein (SSV) using the PIN stripper (PS) is described. One hundred consecutive legs with long saphenous incompetence have been treated with IS of the LSV from the groin to just below the knee using the PS. In 28 of these legs associated short saphenous incompetence was treated with IS of the SSV from the popliteal fossa to just below half-way in the calf. It was found that technically the PS is easy to use. It passes from the groin to just below the knee in the LSV without difficulty. The blunt, slightly bent tip manoeuvres past tributaries and valves with ease. Similarly, the PS passes easily down the SSV to a point just past half-way down the calf. The exit of the stripper tip is much easier than with conventional strippers; there is less tissue trauma and a smaller scar. Inversion stripping is associated with much less tissue trauma, bruising and postoperative pain, and earlier mobilization. The technique appears to have eliminated trauma to the saphenous and sural nerves. This technique will facilitate the use of ‘day only surgery’ for varicose veins and can be performed under femoral nerve block and local anaesthesia.     

DAY CASE ANORECTAL SURGERY

All patients referred to the University Department of Surgery, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand, with minor anorectal conditions requiring surgery were considered for day case surgery. Eighty-three per cent of the patients were found suitable for day surgery. One hundred patients underwent 103 procedures under general anaesthesia. Admission to hospital from the day care facility was required for four patients; two for bleeding, one for pain and one for drowsiness. One patient required readmission due to inability to cope at home. Twenty-six per cent reported severe pain. Eighty-nine per cent found day surgery to be convenient and preferable to inpatient surgery. Eleven per cent found day surgery inconvenient and would prefer inpatient surgery in future. It is suggested that many anorectal procedures can be performed on a day case basis in selected patients, with safety and convenience. It is well tolerated and accepted.     

微创旋切术治疗大隐静脉曲张

目的探讨大隐静脉微创旋切手术方法、疗效及优点。方法采用美国SmithNephew公司的TriVex系统，对16例患者共19条肢体在大隐静脉高位结扎及剥脱的基础上，应用微创旋术切除下肢曲张的静脉。结果术后静脉曲张消失，溃疡愈合，无明显疤痕。结论下肢静脉微创旋切治疗能够减小创伤，缩短手术时间，具有美容效果。     

低分子肝素预防髋膝关节术后下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的 评价低分子肝素预防髋、膝关节术后深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的疗效和安全性。方法 1997年4月－1998年10月选择接受髋、膝周围手术的患者46例均为40岁以上,3个月内无血栓栓塞性疾病史、无凝血功能障碍,术前经彩色多普勒超声法筛查,双下肢无DVT,随机分成两组。预防组应用低分子肝素（速避凝）预防DVT,对照组不采用任何预防措施。术后第4－7天行患侧静脉造影,了解深静脉血栓的发生情况。结果 对照组中8例发生DVT,占34．8％;预防组中1例发生DVT,占4．3％。经统计学处理有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。两组均未发生明显的出血并发症。结论 低分子肝素能安全、有效地预防髋膝关节术后深静脉血栓形成。     

PRIMARY ACCESS SURGERY FOR LONG-TERM HAEMODIALYSIS

This paper assessed the efficacy of arterio-venous fistulae, vein grafts, and synthetic grafts for long-term haemodialysis. Over a selected 10 year period, 486 primary access sites were established and 182 revisions were necessary. Access procedures were assessed for primary survival, the success or otherwise of revision surgery, and long-term efficacy for haemodialysis. Significant differences were shown for long-term survival of fistulae over vein grafts and synthetic grafts. Successful revision surgery favoured fistulae over synthetic grafts. Arterio-venous fistulae offered the best prospect for effective long-term dialysis. Revision surgery with continued dialysis using the primary-access site was largely unsuccessful, secondary access reconstruction being required in 78.2% of all failures.     

胰头癌根治术中球囊内支撑处理门静脉技术的应用

本文报告2例分别伴有慢性胰腺炎或肿瘤接近门静脉的胰头癌，在行胰十二指肠切除手术中，应用Fogarty导管作门静脉的支撑以游离门静脉、控制门静脉出血，其效果良好。作者认为此技术简便、安全、有效。     

Unplanned inpatient admissions in a day surgery service in Hong Kong

Objective: To evaluate the cause of inpatient admissions in the first 50 months of a day surgery service in Hong Kong. Method: A retrospective analysis of all unplanned inpatient admissions from the Day Surgery Centre in Tung Wah Hospital from November 1995 to December 1999 was undertaken. The causes of admission were classified and analysed to whether they might be avoidable. Results and conclusion: Two percent of the 1688 day‐patients required inpatient admission. The commonest cause of admission was extended surgery followed by retention of urine. None of the admissions was due to a major complication. Over one‐third of admissions might be avoidable.     

UNPLANNED ADMISSIONS IN DAY‐CASE SURGERY AS A CLINICAL INDICATOR FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE

Background : Day surgery is a modern, effective and economical way to treat patients while maintaining the same level of quality of patient care. Quality improvement in day surgery units, however, continues to be an issue due to high rates of unplanned admissions. The aim of the present retrospective study was to investigate reasons for and methods of preventing unplanned postoperative admissions in a day surgical unit over a 12‐month period in respect to different surgical specialties. Methods : The study was based on an audit from the Endoscopy and Day Surgery Unit (EDSU) at Launceston General Hospital, which provides health care to a population of more than 120 000. Results : For the accounted period 920 outpatients had elective day surgical procedures. Overall the unplanned admission rate was 4.7%, and surgical, anaesthetic and social reasons accounted for 58.2, 37.2 and 4.6% of the unplanned admissions, respectively. The highest rate of unplanned admissions was for plastic and reconstructive surgery (12.8%) and orthopaedic surgery (7.5%) despite the relatively small number of patients who underwent such procedures in the day surgery unit. The results also showed a correlation between age group, pre‐operative medical status of the patients found suitable for the day surgical procedure and unplanned admissions. Conclusions : Strategies to reduce the unplanned admission rate which include patient selection and pre‐operative assessment, patient waiting time and education, pre‐operative anaesthesia, follow‐up with nursing care and postoperative analgesia are discussed.     

高龄患者下肢静脉曲张日间手术的安全性及可行性探讨

目的 探讨高龄患者下肢静脉曲张日间手术的安全性及可行性.方法 收集2016年1月至2019年9月浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院收治的186例行下肢静脉曲张射频消融日间手术高龄患者的临床资料,对所有患者均于术后3 d、1个月、3个月及1年进行随访,评估其手术成功率、手术时间、术中出血量及麻醉肿胀液使用量.统计并发症发生情况...     

日间手术模式下腔内射频消融术与静脉剥脱导管主干剥脱术治疗大隐静脉曲张疗效比较

目的 比较日间手术模式下大隐静脉腔内射频消融术与静脉剥脱导管主干剥脱治疗大隐静脉曲张的安全性及有效性.方法 收集2020年2月至2021年1月大连市金州区第一人民医院收治的84例行日间手术的大隐静脉曲张患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为射频组(n=44,采用大隐静脉主干射频消融术+小腿浅表静脉泡沫硬化+部分小...     

THE USE OF ROUTINE DUPLEX SCANNING IN THE ASSESSMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS

Background : Clinical assessment has been shown to compare poorly with results of hand-held Doppler examination or venography in the evaluation of varicose veins. Although the use of duplex scanning has been well described in the assessment of varicose veins, there are few data comparing clinical and Doppler assessment with results of duplex scans. Methods : A total of 188 patients were referred with varicose veins to a sole specialist vascular surgeon over a 1-year period. After clinical and Doppler assessment, all patients were referred for a duplex scan which was performed by a trained vascular technician. The results of the duplex scan were compared retrospectively with the clinical and Doppler findings. Results : A total of 315 legs were assessed over this period, with 38.7% having recurrent disease and 31.4% having trophic skin changes or ulceration. On duplex scanning, 198 legs (62.9%) had saphenofemoral junction incompetence, 61 legs (19.4%) had saphenopopliteal junction incompetence, 94 legs (29.8%) had perforator incompetence and 24 legs (7.6%) had deep venous incompetence. The respective sensitivity of clinical and Doppler assessment at these sites was 71.2, 36.1, 43.6 and 29.2%. If patients who were felt to have sole saphenofemoral junction incompetence clinically were treated by high ligation, stripping to the knee and stab avulsions, 28.9% would have had sites of reflux untreated. Conclusions : Clinical and Doppler assessment is unreliable. Routine duplex scanning is likely to reduce recurrence by identifying sites of reflux with greater accuracy.     

Neovascularisation is not an Innocent Bystander in Recurrence after Great Saphenous Vein Surgery

Introduction

This study sought to establish the causes of failure of great saphenous vein surgery among patients in whom there was confidence that accurate saphenofemoral ligation had been carried and the great saphenous vein had been stripped at least to knee level.

Methods

This was an observational study of 100 limbs (66 patients) operated on by a single surgeon 5–22 years previously (mean: 12 years). The index operation was primary in 54 limbs and for recurrence in 46 limbs. Thirty-two patients were studied having been re-referred for recurrence while 34 were recalled for review. All were examined clinically and with duplex ultrasonography, and all completed questionnaires (Aberdeen varicose vein questionnaire [AVVQ] and EQ-5D-3L). In order to measure the extent of visible recurrence, a scoring system similar to that in the venous clinical severity score was used but with a range of 0–8.

Results

There were visible varicosities in 77 of the 100 limbs. Duplex ultrasonography showed that recurrent saphenofemoral incompetence (SFI) was present in 27% of the limbs. This was judged to result from neovascularisation and was the most common source of reflux. AVVQ scores for the 27 limbs with recurrent SFI (median: 34, interquartile range [IQR]: 20–42) were higher than for the 73 with no recurrent SFI (median: 17, IQR: 11–29), which was a significant difference (Mann–Whitney U test, p<0.01). Analysing clinical scores with chi-squared tests indicated fewer visible varicosities in limbs without recurrent SFI than in those with recurrent SFI (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Neovascularisation remains poorly understood but it cannot be considered an innocent bystander.     

RE-OPERATION FOR FAILED ANTI-REFLUX SURGERY

Background: Between 1993 and 1995, 315 anti-reflux procedures were undertaken on our service. A previous antireflux procedure had been performed in 31 patients referred (10%). Previous surgery was, in the main (80%), a Nissen fundoplication. Methods: Re-operative investigations in all patients were manometry, 24 h pH monitoring, oesophagoscopy and barium radiology. On this basis the causes of failure of the previous surgery were established as hiatal failure in 20 (65%), unrecognized oesophageal dysmotility in three (10%) and fundoplication failure (slipped and disrupted) in eight (25%). Contrary to standard recommendations for re-operation most re-operative surgery was performed transabdominally (94%). Complications occurred in 16%. Results: Review was undertaken at a mean of 21 months following surgery, and 91% of patients reported a good to excellent symptomatic outcome. Conclusions: Transabdominal re-operative anti-reflux surgery has an acceptable complication rate and a surprisingly good symptomatic outcome in the medium term.     

APPLICATION OF DOPPLER/ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION FOR VARICOSE VEINS IN A PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL

There are a number of different primary problems in patients presenting with varicose veins. Treatment needs to be appropriate to the different causes. Doppler/ultrasound examination of varicose veins can very accurately define almost all abnormalities that cause varicose veins, but this can be time consuming. Over 3 years' experience of the clinical application of colour Doppler/ ultrasound investigation in the assessment of patients with varicose veins in a small general hospital is reported. The selection of patients and how improved understanding of the various presenting problems of patients examined may affect treatment are described. All surgeons with access to this technology are encouraged to include it in the investigation of their patients.     

小切口治疗下肢浅静脉曲张

目的 评价小切口治疗下肢浅静脉曲张的临床效果。方法 1997年11月至2001年4月,对95例106条下肢浅静脉曲张,施行经小切口剥脱曲张的静脉和结扎交通支静脉,术前均作下肢静脉顺行造影和多普勒听诊辅助指压检测确定静脉瓣膜功能不全的部位。结果 下肢静脉造影显示,深静脉逆流0级62条,I级28条,Ⅱ级16条下肢。多普勒听诊检测显示,隐-腘静脉瓣膜功能不全99条(93．3％),隐-腘静脉瓣膜功能不全5条(4．7％),106条下肢小腿浅静脉有不同程度血液返流。全组患术后切口均工期愈合,平均术后住院时间为2．8天;随访(1～30)个月,无一例复发。结论 术前无创多普勒听诊精确定位,小切口治疗下肢浅静脉曲张,方法简便,痛苦小,康复快,外表美观,治疗费用低。     

AVULSION VERSUS DISSECTION AND LIGATION OF THE VARICOSE SHORT SAPHENOUS TRUNK*

Avulsion of the varicose short saphenous trunk in the popliteal fossa is a safe, effective and cosmetic way of dealing with this type of venous incompetence. In addition it effects a great saving in time, a consideration of some importance in the surgical treatment of varicose veins.