骨科固定及植入器材的应用与发展

介绍了常用骨科固定及植入器材，并对其发展历史、作用及特点作简要概述。     

安徽省大学生体育锻炼与情绪和睡眠状况的相关性研究

研究体育锻炼与大学生的情绪和睡眠状态的相关,为改善大学生心理健康状况提供参考.方法 随机抽取安徽省3所高校556名在校本科生,采用自编体育锻炼调查问卷调查体育锻炼情况,采用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表、青少年亚健康多维评定问卷、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表分别调查被试睡眠状况、心身健康和情绪状况.结果 在平时学习的时间花费上,锻炼组与非锻炼组分别为(4.16±2.70),(3.66±2.56)h,差异有统计学意义(P=0.02).锻炼组抑郁自评量表得分明显低于非锻炼组,主观睡眠质量和睡眠潜伏期分量表明显低于非锻炼组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).睡眠在体育锻炼对情绪状态的预测中起到部分中介作用.结论 体育锻炼越积极的大学生情绪和睡眠状况越好.体育锻炼干预可通过影响睡眠对情绪产生积极的影响.     

加强基地建设促进科技创新

对中国医学科学院三个国家重点实验室五年来所取得成绩及存在问题等进行分析总结，并提出十一五期间的工作重点，强调基地建设是研究院所促进科技创新和事业发展的重要任务。     

Colorectal cancer and the relationship between genes and the environment

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to the etiology and progression of the disease. Several risk factors have been identified, including positive family history, red meat intake, smoking, and alcohol intake. Protective factors include vegetables, calcium, hormone replacement therapy, folate, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and physical activity. The interaction between these environmental factors, in particular diet and genes, is an area of growing interest. Currently, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and mismatch repair genes are believed to play an essential role in colorectal carcinogenesis. When considering the genetics of CRC, only 10% of cases are inherited and only 2-6% can be ascribed to the highly penetrant genes, such as APC, hMLH and hMSH2. Lower penetrance genes combined with a Western-style diet contribute to the majority of sporadic CRCs. The purpose of this article is to give a brief overview of the epidemiologic studies that have been conducted and present the major findings. Here, we examine the molecular events in CRC, with particular focus on the interaction between genes and environment, and review the most current research in this area.     

加强放射源监督管理 确保环境和公众安全

目的 加强放射源监督管理,确保环境和公众安全。方法 通过分析我国放射源应用现状和放射源监督管理存在的主要问题,寻求加强放射源监督管理的对策。结果 有针对性地提出了放射源监督管理的对策及建议。结论 我国放射源应用现状和监督管理工作不容乐观,形势严峻。要减少辐射事故,确保环境和公众安全,必须采取相应的对策。     

因疫苗免疫程序与药典规定相矛盾引发的一起预防接种纠纷的调查分析

目的分析衡阳县某镇一起预防接种纠纷发生的原因。方法采用现场调查和查阅资料等方法,分析2013年衡阳县某镇一起预防接种纠纷发生的可能原因。结果患儿因接种乙型脑炎、麻疹风疹减毒活疫苗后出现发热,相继呕吐、抽搐,经医院诊断为化脓性脑膜炎;患儿监护人认为镇卫生院接种医生未按照疫苗使用说明书进行操作,造成对患儿伤害;经县预防接种异常反应调查诊断专家组调查诊断为预防接种后偶合发病,排除疫苗接种事故、预防接种异常反应(AEFI)。结论疫苗使用说明与]扩大国家免疫规划疫苗免疫程序的矛盾引发预防接种纠纷,应保证中国药典生物制品使用说明与疫苗使用的免疫程序的一致性。     

南北朝隋唐时代的金刀之谶与弥勒信仰

一种观念要影响政治大势,往往需要植根于大众广泛接受的思想或信仰系统。金刀之谶作为一种政治观念,发端于与今文经学结合紧密的谶纬之学,在汉朝灭亡前后与早期道教结合,北魏以后则转向与弥勒信仰结合,深刻地影响了南北朝隋唐时期的政治起伏。刘氏当王与李氏将兴反映的政治文化传统不同。道君出世与弥勒下生两种信仰的竞争,和由刘氏还是李氏统治天下的世俗权力之争纠缠在一起,制约了其时的政治走向。     

Nutrition and health--vitamin supplementation and the vitality of the elderly

The increasing number of elderly people above 65 years of age is extremely heterogeneous with regard to sickness and health. As a result, the nutritional needs and food consumption also vary. 'Anorexia of aging', leading to nutritional deficiencies, is a common syndrome in the elderly people and may be either caused by or result in loss of functions and accelerated aging. Early detection of malnutrition and intervention with supplements or an adequate diet should stop the negative health spiral. A limited number of intervention trials, including Dutch ones, have demonstrated a positive effect on the nutritional and immune status. However, the improvement in physical and mental functions as a result of supplementation is less clear. The results of larger current trials on the effect of supplementation with, for example, vitamin D, folic acid, vitamin B12 and complete enriched products will provide more clarity in the future on the necessity of supplementation for elderly people.     

积极推进院务公开 促进医院改革发展

通过推进院务公开工作，加强社会公众监督和医院职工民主监督，提高医疗服务质量和服务水平，推动医院持续健康发展。     

The meaning of the opposition between the healthy and the pathological and its consequences

If the healthy and the pathological are not merely judgments qualifiers, but real phenomena, it must be possible to define both of them positively, which, in this context, means as factual contraries. On the other hand, only a privative definition, either of the pathological as ‘non-healthy’, or of the healthy as ‘non-pathological’, can rationally circumscribe all possible states of an organism. This fluctuation between two meanings of the ‘healthy’–‘pathological’ opposition, factual vs. rational, characterizes the ordinary usage of these concepts and puts all philosophical definitions in a hopeless situation. Although a scientific definition may conceal this equivocation by adequately setting out the terms of the problem of discriminating between the ‘healthy’ and the ‘pathological’, it could explain some of the difficulties met in determining ‘gold standards’, in the choice of separators, and in the assessment of the diagnostic qualities of tests.     

浅析医疗设备验收中存在的问题及体会

医疗设备管理是医院管理工作的重要组成部份之一,而医疗仪器设备的“验收”,是经可行性论证、订合同到货后的第一个环节,主要有物资验收和性能验收两个方面。     

Home visit to the newborn and the post-natal mother. Role of the paediatrician and the nurse

Based on our experience over many years, and on the experience of others, we can deduce that home visits to the newborn and the mother are highly positive. In absolute terms, this is an efficient and necessary visit that is broadly accepted by the population, and its implantation amongst the services offered by the public health services has therefore been a correct move; carrying out such a visit should be obligatory and it should be considered as a basic aim within the health programs. The success of the visit depends not only on the personal treatment of the health personnel who take part, but also on their qualification and professionalism, since the visit requires a high level of preparation and dedication, as well as the support of the administration itself.     

踝臂血压差值与高龄老人心血管疾病的相关性研究

目的：探讨四肢血压差值，尤其是踝臂血压差值与高龄老年人心血管疾病的相关性。方法：采用四肢血压同步测试仪，将72例80岁以上的高龄老年人按健康与心血管疾病分为5组，用健康组分别与高血压并脑卒中、高血压动脉硬化、冠心病、糖脂代谢紊乱组比较，观察踝臂血压差值与上述四类疾病的相关性。结果：踝臂血压差值与高血压并脑卒中呈负相关；与高血压动脉硬化呈正相关；与冠心病部分相关；与糖脂代谢紊乱无显相关。结论：四肢血压同步测试可作为观察高龄老年人心血管功能状况的一项检测方法，此法方便、快捷、无创，值得推广。