炎性细胞在变应性鼻炎患者鼻黏膜中的观察

目的 探讨变应性鼻炎患者鼻黏膜组织中炎性细胞的变化及与变应性鼻炎的关系。方法 选择55例发作期变应性鼻炎患者及123例健康者，采用刮匙在下鼻甲黏膜处刮拭涂片，用Wright染色，进行细胞学检测，并进行统行学分析。结果变应性鼻炎发作期患者黏膜细胞发生了显著变化，中性粒细胞及嗜酸粒细胞的数量显著增加（P〈0．001），淋巴细胞明显增加（P〈0.05），而脱落上皮细胞显著减少（P〈0．001）。结论 炎性细胞是变应性鼻炎发病机制中诸多因素之一，深入了解这一作用对于指导临床治疗有重要的意义。     

鼻腔冲洗治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效观察

目的：比较鼻腔冲洗及鼻用激素治疗对变应性鼻炎（AR）患者鼻部症状及气道炎症相关指标的影响,探讨鼻腔冲洗在AR治疗中的意义。方法：将61例经变应原皮肤点刺试验诊断为AR的患者随机分为3组：A组17例（单纯鼻用激素治疗）,B组21例（单纯鼻腔冲洗）,C组23例（鼻腔冲洗联合鼻用激素）。观察各组治疗前、治疗3个月后鼻部症状视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分和鼻炎结膜炎生活质量（RQLQ）评分及下气道呼出气一氧化氮（FENO）值。结果：3组患者治疗前VAS、RQLQ评分及FENO值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,具有可比性。治疗3个月后3组患者VAS、RQLQ评分及FENO值均明显降低（P〈0.05）。治疗3个月后3项指标减少差值比较,VAS、RQLQ评分3组间差异无统计学意义,FENO值A、C组与B组比较均差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论：鼻腔冲洗能改善AR患者的鼻部症状,提高患者的生活质量,降低下气道炎症。鼻腔冲洗治疗AR有效,与鼻用激素联合使用能取得更明显的效果。     

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in Nottingham

From 1200 households selected at random, 2114 questionnaires were returned from individuals over 14 years old. They reported that in the previous year the prevalence of ‘symptoms of nasal obstruction every day for more than 14 consecutive days’ was 16.9%; 19.8% had had a ‘runny nose’; 7.1% reported sneezing bouts; and 19.6% had hay fever during the same period. Also, 13.7% had had rhinosinusitis in the previous year using the criterion of ‘two out of three symptoms of congestion, rhinorrhoea and sneezing for more than 1 h per day for a period in excess of 2 weeks’. The prevalence of perennial symptoms in individuals who did not have hay fever was 8.6%. Over the previous 2 years 18.2% of all respondents had visited their General Practitioner and 0.2% had visited a hospital as a result of their hay fever. Individuals who responded as having hay fever were significantly more likely to have worked in an environment with a lot of dust in the last 2 years than asymptomatic respondents (χ², P= 0.002), although fume exposure was not found to be a significant risk factor (P= 0.0681). Individuals with perennial symptoms were no more likely to have been working in a dusty or smoky environment. In those with either seasonal or perennial symptoms there was no significant effect of either social class or manual/nonmanual occupation.     

变应性因素及变应性鼻炎与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉的相关性探讨

目的：探讨变应性因素及变应性鼻炎（AR）与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉的临床相关性。方法：将200例研究对象分为A、B组,A组诊断为AR（110例）,B组诊断为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉（90例）,通过欧蒙印迹法定量检测血清sIgE浓度并观察慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉手术治疗后的复发率、AR并发慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉的发生率。结果：A组sIgE总阳性率为89.09%,B组sIgE总阳性率为74.44%。B组中sIgE阳性者术后复发率为58.21%,sIgE阴性者术后复发率为8.70%。A组41例（37.27%）并发慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉,血清sIgE阳性率为97.56%;69例（62.73%）未并发慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉,血清sIgE阳性率为79.71%;组内slgE阳性率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.96,P〈0.01）。结论：变应性因素及AR与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉的发生有一定的相关性,提示避免接触变应原、合理治疗AR能够有效控制慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉的复发率。     

抗原长期刺激致变应性鼻炎豚鼠模型鼻黏膜重塑的研究

目的:观察抗原长期刺激致变应性鼻炎豚鼠模型鼻黏膜重塑的特点。方法:Hartley豚鼠48只,随机分为6组(每组8只),即实验组用卵清蛋白(OVA)激发(OVA2W组、OVA6W组和OVA12W组),对照组用生理盐水激发(Sal2W组、Sal6W组和Sal12W组)。OVA制备变应性鼻炎动物模型,抗原刺激分别持续2W、6W和12W,在最后一次激发24h后行鼻腔灌洗、取鼻黏膜组织。ELISA法检测鼻腔灌洗液中OVA特异性免疫球蛋白(OVA-sIgE)、嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)含量;鼻黏膜组织切片采用苏木精-伊红、AB-PAS和MT法染色,计数鼻黏膜上皮杯状细胞数量,测量上皮细胞损伤程度、基膜胶原含量;免疫组织化学法检测鼻黏膜组织转移生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的表达。结果:①OVA6W、OVA12W组与OVA2W组比较,OVA-sIgE含量均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而ECP含量在3个实验组中无明显差别;实验组与相应的对照组比较,OVA-sIgE、ECP含量均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。②OVA6W、OVA12W组与OVA2W组比较,0级、1级上皮细胞损伤均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);实验组0级、1级上皮损伤与相应的对照组相比差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。③鼻黏膜杯状细胞增生和基膜胶原沉积,OVA6W、OVA12W组与OVA2W组比较均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);对照组杯状细胞数均较相应的实验组明显减少(均P<0.05);Sal6W、Sal12W组基膜胶原沉积均较相应的实验组明显减少(均P<0.05)。④OVA6W、OVA12W组与OVA2W组比较,TGF-β1的表达均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);实验组与相应的对照组比较,TGF-β1的表达均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论:鼻黏膜上皮细胞损伤、杯状细胞增生和细胞外基质胶原沉积是变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜组织重塑的特点;在抗原激发早期,表现为上皮损伤,与重塑相关的细胞因子表达增强,随着抗原刺激延长,表现出腺体增生和胶原沉积的特征越明显。     

Effects of beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray on subjective and objective findings in perennial allergic rhinitis

Effects of beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray on subjective and objective findings in perennial allergic rhinitis It was the aim of this trial to study the effect of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate on symptoms and signs of perennial allergic rhinitis in Japanese patients. In a multicenter trial 183 patients, children and adults, were treated with placebo or with 400 μgbeclomethasone dipropionate a day for 2 weeks. The active treatment had an effect on all nasal symptoms: sneezing, nose blowing, and blockage being reduced to 34%, 44% and 63% (P <0 01) of the values in the placebo group. A considerable carry-over effect was found, suggesting a group comparative design to be preferable for a cross over trial for the study of intranasal steroids. The beclomethasone dipropionate therapy had a significant inhibitory effect on the immediate response to nasal allergen provocation. The number of secretion eosinophils was reduced during treatment, and the appearance of the mucous membrane tended to normalize. Local side effects were few and insignificant. It is concluded that beclomethasone dipropionate is a valuable drug for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis.     

胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素在变应性鼻炎模型小鼠鼻黏膜中的表达

目的：探讨胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素（TSLP）在变应性鼻炎模型小鼠鼻黏膜中的表达。方法：将20只6～8周BALB／c小鼠随机分为变应性鼻炎组和自然对照组,每组10只。以鸡卵清蛋白致敏建立变应性鼻炎模型。组织标本石蜡包埋,采用免疫组织化学方法和荧光PCR方法检测TSLP在小鼠鼻黏膜中的表达。结果：自然对照组鼻黏膜未见明显TSLP表达,变应性鼻炎组鼻黏膜可见明显TSLP表达。结论：TSLP在变应性鼻炎的鼻黏膜中表达。     

The nasal application of beclomethasone diproprionate (Beconase) in allergic rhinitis

The therapeutic effect of nasally applied Beconase (beclomethasone diproprionate) was investigated by a double blind trial of 32 patients with clinically manifest grass pollen rhinitis. A daily protocol showed a considerable improvement of the nasal symptoms and the general condition of the patient. The requirement of supplementary antihistamines decreased considerably whereas the conjunctival symptoms remained unaffected. In the course of the 2 week treatment period there was no certain evidence of local side effects.     

2种手术方法治疗伴鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎的疗效分析

目的：观察2种手术方法治疗伴鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎的疗效及应用价值。方法：将87例伴鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎患者根据下鼻甲黏膜肥厚及骨增生情况分为2组,分别行鼻中隔偏曲矫正联合双下鼻甲低温等离子射频消融并骨折外移术、鼻中隔偏曲矫正联合双下鼻甲骨黏膜下部分切除术,疗效采用2004兰州标准和鼻阻力测量值进行评价。结果：术后随访1年,患者鼻阻力较术前明显改善,2组症状改善的总有效率均大于88%。结论：2种手术方法均显著降低了患者的鼻阻力,改善了过敏性症状,效果良好。     

肺表面活性蛋白A在变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜及鼻息肉组织中的表达及意义

目的：肺表面活性蛋白A（SP—A）在呼吸道中发挥重要的宿主防御作用。本研究的目的是了解SP-A在变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜和鼻息肉组织中的表达情况,探讨SP—A在上呼吸道炎症反应性疾病中发挥的作用。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法和间接免疫荧光法分别检测11例变应性鼻炎患者鼻黏膜组织（变应性鼻炎组）、15例鼻息肉患者的息肉组织（鼻息肉组）和7例行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术患者的中鼻甲组织（对照组）中SP-A的表达。结果：免疫组织化学方法结果显示变应性鼻炎组及鼻息肉组中SP—A的表达明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,变应性鼻炎组及鼻息肉组黏膜下嗜酸粒细胞的数量明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,变应性鼻炎组及鼻息肉组中SP-A的表达与黏膜下嗜酸粒细胞的数量均呈正相关（r分别为0．81,0．55）;免疫荧光法结果显示SP—A在变应性鼻炎组及鼻息肉组黏膜上皮细胞内的绿色荧光强度高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：SP-A可能参与了变应性鼻炎与鼻息肉的炎症反应过程。SP—A在上呼吸道炎症性疾病中的表达,为今后寻找新的治疗方法提供理论思路。     

Nasal sound analysis: a new method for evaluating nasal obstruction in allergic rhinitis

OBJECTIVE: Current measurements of nasal obstruction are unreliable and may be improved with the development of new techniques. The effectiveness of odiosoft-rhino (OR) in the evaluation of nasal obstruction was investigated in a blind comparison at a referral center, institutional practice. PATIENTS: Forty-eight patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and 52 healthy subjects were studied. Nasal endoscopic examination, acoustic rhinometry (AR), and OR were performed and symptom scores compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Assessment of nasal blockage with OR method was the main outcome measure. RESULTS: Using the OR technique, significant differences were observed between the patient and control groups. OR data correlated with symptom scores and endoscopic examination. However, this was not observed with AR. A 15.5-dB cutoff point for the left side and 14.5 dB cutoff point for the right side at the 2,000 to 4,000 Hz frequency interval resulted in 93.8% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity and 72.9% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity, respectively. A 8.5-dB cutoff point for the left and right sides at the 4,000 to 6,000 Hz frequency interval resulted in 87.5% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity and 70.8% sensitivity and 78.8% specificity, respectively. CONCLUSION: OR is a simple, noninvasive test for assessing nasal obstruction. The OR technique can detect nasal obstruction with high sensitivity and specificity, and these findings correlate with symptoms and physical examination.     

Prolonged allergen challenge in murine nasal allergic rhinitis: nasal airway remodeling and adaptation of nasal airway responsiveness

BACKGROUND: Nasal airway remodeling exists in allergic rhinitis, but it appears to be far less extensive than in asthma. However, there has been little study about nasal airway remodeling and no study using mice models. It has been reported that airway hyperresponsiveness decreased after prolonged allergen challenge in a chronic murine asthma model together with the progression of remodeling. However, there has been no study of the relation of remodeling and airway responsiveness in nasal allergy. Therefore, we have undertaken this investigation to characterize nasal airway structural changes after prolonged allergen challenge and to examine the relationship between nasal airway hyperresponsivity and remodeling. METHODS: We prepared murine allergic rhinitis for ovalbumin. Mice were subsequently challenged three times a week with ovalbumin from day 19 to days 53, 88, and 130. We examined allergen-induced nasal symptoms and objective nasal hyperresponsiveness using the enhanced pause system. Moreover, the pathologic changes were investigated after allergen challenge. RESULTS: The extended allergen challenge protocol caused significant nasal airway remodeling. Specifically, remodeling was characterized by goblet cell hyperplasia and deposition of collagen in the submucosal area. Allergen-induced nasal hyperresponsiveness was first increased but gradually decreased in nasal symptoms and Penh after prolonged allergen challenge. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that a remodeling of nasal mucosa in a murine allergic rhinitis model prolonged allergen exposure. Moreover, prolonged allergen exposure induced a reduction of nasal hyperresponsiveness together with a progression of nasal remodeling.     

Autoanti‐IgE antibodies in patients with allergic and idiopathic rhinitis

carney a .s ., hooi d ., powe d .g ., huskisson r .s . & jones n .s . (2001) Clin. Otolaryngol. 26, 298–301 Autoanti‐IgE antibodies in patients with allergic and idiopathic rhinitis The pathophysiology of idiopathic rhinitis is unknown although evidence is accumulating to suggest that, in a proportion of patients, it may be a more localized form of allergic rhinitis in the absence of other atopic symptoms and markers. Anti‐IgE is thought to be a systemic marker of atopy. This study compared serum IgG autoanti‐IgE levels in patients with idiopathic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis and normal controls. Serum samples were obtained from 19 patients with idiopathic rhinitis, 17 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and 10 normal non‐rhinitic controls. The presence or absence of IgG1 and IgG4 anti‐IgE antibodies was detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Eighty‐eight percent of the patients with perennial allergic rhinitis had raised levels of autoanti‐IgE antibodies in their serum. None of the controls or patients with idiopathic rhinitis showed raised levels (P < 0.001). Although patients with idiopathic rhinitis may exhibit clinical and pathological features of allergy, they do not show raised levels of anti‐IgE in their serum.     

鼻内类固醇激素对变应性鼻炎动物模型鼻腔黏膜的影响

目的:通过变应性鼻炎(AR)动物模型观察鼻内类固醇激素对鼻腔黏膜的影响。方法:36只SD大鼠随机分为3组:鼻内类固醇激素组(A组),AR模型组(B组)和正常对照组(C组)。A、B组以卵清蛋白建立大鼠AR模型,C组用生理盐水代替卵清蛋白。然后A组以鼻内类固醇激素喷鼻,B、C组以生理盐水代替。末次激发后观察动物鼻部症状和体征,并取鼻黏膜行苏木精-伊红染色计数鼻黏膜内嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)数,阿辛蓝-过碘酸-希夫染色观察杯状细胞变化,扫描电镜下观察各组鼻黏膜超微结构的改变。结果:鼻内类固醇激素能明显减轻AR鼻部症状,其评分与B组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);其鼻腔黏膜内EOS数和杯状细胞数明显降低,与B组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而与C组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);扫描电镜检查结果显示A组鼻黏膜纤毛结构与C组相似,而B组纤毛倒伏、排列紊乱、缠绕集结、大量分泌物附着等。结论:鼻内类固醇激素能明显缓解AR症状及鼻黏膜炎性反应状态,并对受损纤毛有明显修复作用。     

鼻息肉及变应性鼻炎中IL-17表达与嗜酸粒细胞浸润的意义

目的:观察鼻息肉与变应性鼻炎中IL-17表达与嗜酸粒细胞(Eos)浸润情况,探讨IL-17与Eos在其发病中作用及相关性。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测鼻息肉21例、变应性鼻炎18例及单纯中隔偏曲12例中IL-17表达情况,苏木精-伊红染色下观察炎性细胞浸润并计数Eos进行比较分析。结果:①发现在变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜下固有层、鼻息肉组织上皮层及间质内Eos、中性粒细胞为主的炎性细胞及部分腺体内有IL-17表达;②检测3组中免疫组织化学IL-17阳性细胞数、IOD(IL-17阳性表达吸收度值)及苏木精-伊红染色Eos计数,发现鼻息肉与变应性鼻炎间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Eos数与IL-17阳性细胞数在鼻息肉中存在正相关性,相关系数r=0.606,P<0.01,在变应性鼻炎中两者亦有相关性,相关系数R=0.446,P<0.05。结论:①IL-17是一种新型的细胞因子,在鼻息肉组织与变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜组织中有表达,因此在发病过程中可能起调节免疫炎症反应作用,可做为深入研究鼻息肉与变应性鼻炎发病机制的指标;②推断在鼻息肉及变应性鼻炎发病中IL-17亦有趋化E...     

Radiofrequency for the treatment of allergic rhinitis refractory to medical therapy

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The ideal treatment for allergic rhinitis refractory to medical therapy is still lacking. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of turbinate surgery with radiofrequency for the treatment of allergic rhinitis that is unresponsive to medical therapy. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, nonrandomized clinical study. METHODS: From February 2000 to April 2002, 108 consecutive patients (45 men and 63 women [mean age, 29.5 y]) with allergic rhinitis refractory to medical therapy who underwent radiofrequency turbinate surgery were enrolled in the study. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 26 months. A standard 0-to-10 visual analogue scale with an anchor was used to assess the pain and the allergic symptoms, including nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, itchy nose, and itchy eyes, preoperatively and postoperatively at the end of weeks 1 and 2 and months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after surgery. Statistical analysis was determined by repeated measures of ANOVA. RESULTS: None of the 108 patients had obvious discomfort other than mild numbness over the premaxillary area (24 of 108 [22.2%]) during operation. Also, no adverse reactions including bleeding, infection, adhesion, or a worsening of allergic symptoms were encountered. One hundred one patients were included in the final statistical analysis. Only nine patients reported no improvement at all after treatment. The response rate of radiofrequency turbinate surgery for allergic rhinitis refractory to medical therapy was 91.1% (92 of 101). At 1 year after the treatment, the degree of nasal obstruction had changed on the visual analogue scale (mean +/- SD) from 6.84 +/- 2.09 to 2.47 +/- 1.60, an improvement of 63.9%. The degree of rhinorrhea had changed from 5.74 +/- 2.75 to 2.57 +/- 2.31, an improvement of 55.2%. The degree of sneezing had changed from 5.30 +/- 2.80 to 2.59 +/- 2.13, an improvement of 51.1%. The degree of itchy nose had changed from 3.74 +/- 3.16 to 1.82 +/- 2.27, an improvement of 51.3%. The degree of itchy eyes had changed from 3.17 +/- 3.09 to 1.68 +/- 2.38, an improvement of 47.0%. The visual analogue scale scores for nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, itchy nose, and itchy eyes decreased significantly with time, from preoperative scores to scores at 1 year after surgery. Other additional effects and improvements, including headache, lumpy throat, night cough, and tinnitus, were also reported by the patients. Most of the patients stated that they would consider repeating this procedure if necessary and would recommend the new method to their friends with the same problems. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that radiofrequency appears to be an effective and safe tool for treating allergic rhinitis with poor response to medical therapy. In the future, radiofrequency has the potential to be one of the most popular surgical modalities for the treatment of allergic rhinitis refractory to medical therapy.     

类固醇抵抗性变应性鼻炎患者鼻分泌物和血浆中白三烯D4的变化及白三烯受体拮抗剂对其的影响

目的:探讨白三烯D4(LTD4)在类固醇抵抗性变应性鼻炎(AR)患者鼻分泌物和血浆的变化及LT受体拮抗剂对其的影响.方法:采用前瞻性随机对照非盲法研究.40例类固醇抵抗性AR患者(C组),随机分为CA组(口服LT受体拮抗剂--孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片10 mg/次,每天1次,1周)与CB组(口服氯雷他定片10 mg/次,每天1次,1周).15例健康者为正常对照组(D组).评定各组基线水平以及C组随访3个月后的临床症状与生活质量评分,测定鼻分泌物细胞计数与分类,并用酶联免疫吸附测定与酶免疫试验法分别测定鼻分泌物和血浆IL-5与LTD4浓度.结果:①C组鼻分泌物及血浆的LTD4水平分别为(794±305)pg和(5219±1185)ng/L,均显著高于D组[(347±169)pg、(2283±489)ng/L,均P<0.05].②鼻分泌物的LTD4水平与中性粒细胞、IL-5水平呈显著正相关(r分别为0.453、0.364,均P<0.05).③CA组在LT受体拮抗剂治疗前、后鼻分泌物LTD4水平分别为(812±592)pg、(657±495)pg,血浆水平为(5422±935) ng/L、(4589±1057)ng/L,治疗前、后比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);CB组在试验前、后鼻分泌物LTD4水平分别为(776±227)pg、(860±194)pg,血浆水平为(5074±1850) ng/L、(6063±2450)ng/L,治疗前、后比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).结论:类固醇抵抗性AR患者LTD4水平增高,参与气道炎症过程.LT受体拮抗剂能显著降低鼻分泌物与血浆的LTD4水平,抗组胺治疗对此无效.     

Sensation of nasal airflow compared with nasal airway resistance in patients with rhinitis

Over the past few decades there has been some controversy over the relationship between subjective assessment and objective measurement of nasal airway obstruction. To study the hypothesis that there is a close relationship between the two parameters, we analysed changes in nasal patency following histamine challenge. One hundred and two subjects with a history of allergic or non-allergic rhinitis assessed their nasal patency on a visual analogue scale during nasal histamine provocation. Active anterior rhinomanometry was performed immediately after each patient assessment. At all points, significant correlations were observed between subjective and objective assessments of nasal obstruction. Regression analysis also provided strong evidence of a close relationship between the two parameters. We conclude that rhinomanometry can be used as an objective tool in determining nasal patency.