Stroke: epidemiology, classification, risk factors, complications, diagnosis, prevention, and medical and dental management

Cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, refers to an acute onset of neurologic deficits lasting more than 24 hours or culminating in death caused by a sudden impairment of cerebral circulation. Stroke is the third leading cause of death and a major cause of long-term disability in the United States. This article provides the dental community with an up-to-date understanding of the epidemiology, classification, risk factors, complications, diagnosis, prevention, and medical and dental management issues pertaining to stroke.     

Frequency, location, and direction of the lateral, secondary, and accessory canals

Observation of 1,140 transparent teeth of adult humans was made to verify the frequency, location, and direction of the accessory, secondary, and lateral canals located at the radicular-apical area, at the body of the root, and in the base of the root. In 27.4% of the teeth studied, some type of ramification was observed; these ramifications were usually located in the apical area of the root. The premolars and molars showed the greatest variety of ramifications.