趋化因子受体CXCR4在甲状腺癌中的表达

目的探讨趋化因子受体CXCR4在甲状腺癌中的表达及临床意义,为临床治疗甲状腺癌寻求新的治疗靶点提供依据。方法采用免疫组化SP染色法检测甲状腺癌、结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤及正常甲状腺组织中CXCR4表达差异,以及CXCR4在甲状腺癌中的表达与患者肿瘤病理类型、淋巴结转移状态、年龄及性别的关系。结果CXCR4在甲状腺癌组织中高表达,与结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤及正常甲状腺组织中表达差异有统计学意义,而且与患者淋巴结转移状态、病理类型密切相关,与患者年龄、性别无关。结论CXCR4在甲状腺癌的发生发展中可能起到重要作用,CXCR4在甲状腺癌中高表达,与患者淋巴结转移状态、病理类型密切相关,可作为甲状腺癌患者预后的指标,本研究为临床寻找新的甲状腺癌治疗靶点提供了重要依据。     

甲状腺肿瘤VEGF-C、CXCR4的表达及意义

目的:探讨甲状腺肿瘤中VEGF-C、CXCR4的表达及其意义.方法:采用免疫组化法检测100例甲状腺癌以及20例甲状腺腺瘤中VEGF-C、CXCR4的表达.结果:甲状腺癌组VEGF-C和CXCR4的表达显著高于甲状腺腺瘤组;甲状腺癌淋巴结转移组VEGF-C和CXCR4的表达显著高于无淋巴结转移组;不同病理类型、不同分期的甲状腺癌中VEGF-C和CXCR4的阳性表达率显著不同.结论:VEGF-C、CXCR4在甲状腺良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断、甲状腺癌淋巴结转移及预后判断中有重要价值.     

甲状腺肿瘤VEGF—C、CXCR4的表达及意义

目的：探讨甲状腺肿瘤中VEGF—C、CXCR4的表达及其意义。方法：采用免疫组化法检测100例甲状腺癌以及20例甲状腺腺瘤中VEGF—C、CXCR4的表达。结果：甲状腺癌组VEGF—C和CXCR4的表达显著高于甲状腺腺瘤组;甲状腺癌淋巴结转移组VEGF—C和CXCR4的表达显著高于无淋巴结转移组;不同病理类型、不同分期的甲状腺癌中VEGF—C和CXCR4的阳性表达率显著不同。结论：VEGF—C、CXCR4在甲状腺良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断、甲状腺癌淋巴结转移及预后判断中有重要价值。     

甲状腺癌组织中CXCR4表达及临床病理意义

目的:研究甲状腺癌组织中CXCR4表达及临床病理意义。方法:51例甲状腺癌手术切除标本及20例结节性甲状腺组织切除标本常规制作石蜡包埋切片,染色方法为免疫组化SP染色法。结果:结节性甲状腺组织中未检测到CXCR4表达,甲状腺乳头状癌及未分化癌中表达率分别为26.3%和80.0%,颈部淋巴结未转移组与转移组表达率分别为28.6%和60.9%,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:甲状腺癌中CX-CR4是反应甲状腺癌进展、转移及预后的重要趋化因子受体。     

分化型甲状腺癌组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体表达的临床意义

  目的  探讨分化型甲状腺癌是否为女性激素依赖性肿瘤，分析ER、PR的表达与分化型甲状腺癌患者的肿瘤大小、组织学类型、有否淋巴结转移、性别、年龄等的关系。  方法  应用免疫组织化学方法（SP法）检测分析正常甲状腺、甲状腺良性肿瘤和分化型甲状腺癌组织中ER、PR的表达。  结果  分化型甲状腺癌中ER和PR阳性表达分别为19.3%（10/52）和30.8%（16/52），其表达比正常甲状腺与良性肿瘤组织多，有显著性差异（P < 0.01）。分化型甲状腺癌的肿瘤直径>1 cm的ER、PR阳性率明显高于≤1 cm的病例，有显著性差异（P < 0.01）。而ER和PR的表达与患者的性别、年龄、组织类型和淋巴结转移无关。  结论  分化型甲状腺癌组织中ER和PR的表达较正常甲状腺、甲状腺良性肿瘤组织高，有显著差异性（P < 0.01），且肿瘤直径>1 cm者的ER和PR表达高于肿瘤直径≤1 cm者，揭示分化型甲状腺癌可能是雌激素和孕激素依赖性肿瘤。      

新疆地区甲状腺癌组织中ESR1基因表达及其临床意义的探讨

目的：研究雌激素受体（estrogen receptor alpha,ESR1）在新疆地区甲状腺癌组织中的表达,探讨其在临床中的意义。方法：用免疫组织化学SP法检测64例甲状腺癌、21例甲状腺良性腺瘤、13例桥本氏甲状腺炎、6例结节性甲状腺肿和6例癌旁正常组织中ESR1基因表达,结合临床病理因素进行分析。结果：ESR1在甲状腺癌组织中的阳性表达显著高于甲状腺腺瘤、桥本氏甲状腺炎、结节性甲状腺肿和癌旁正常组织（P〈0.01）;甲状腺癌组织学类型、临床分期、淋巴结转移及预后与ESR1蛋白表达相关（P均〈0.05）。结论：ESR1可能在甲状腺癌的发生、发展过程中起到了重要作用,故阻断其作用环节可能为治疗甲状腺癌提供新策略。     

促甲状腺激素受体在分化型甲状腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨促甲状腺激素(TSH)受体在分化型甲状腺癌中的表达及意义.方法 采用免疫组化染色检测74例分化型甲状腺癌患者和28例结节性甲状腺肿患者甲状腺组织中TSH受体的表达,分析其与分化型甲状腺癌患者TNM分期和淋巴结转移的关系.结果 TSH受体在结节性甲状腺肿组织中的阳性表达率为89.3％,明显高于分化型甲状腺癌组织(55.4％;x2=10.21,P＜0.05).TSH受体在Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期分化型甲状腺癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为75.9％、47.8％、38.9％和25.0％,随着临床分期的升高,阳性表达率逐渐下降.统计学分析的结果显示,TSH受体的表达与分化型甲状腺癌的TNM分期相关(P＜0.05),而与淋巴结转移无关(P＞0.05).结论 TSH受体在分化型甲状腺癌组织中的阳性表达率较低,且随着TNM分期的增加,TSH受体的阳性表达率逐渐下降.TSH受体表达水平的检测可为分化型甲状腺癌患者术后进行TSH抑制治疗提供依据.     

ER、PR和EphA2在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和EphA2基因的表达及其与淋巴结转移、临床分期的关系及联合检测对乳腺癌术后治疗方案的制定和在预后中的意义。方法采用S-P免疫组化方法检测130例乳腺癌患者ER、PR和EphA2的表达,并结合临床病理因素进行分析。结果（1）乳腺癌组织中ER、PR和EphA2的阳性表达率分别为63.1%、58.4%和72.3%。（2）ER、PR的阳性表达与乳腺癌患者的年龄、病理组织学类型、肿瘤大小、腋窝淋巴结转移和临床分期无显著相关（P〉0.05）;（3）EphA2阳性表达与乳腺癌患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、病理组织学类型无显著相关（P〉0.05）;而与腋窝淋巴结转移、临床分期显著相关（P〈0.05）。（4）EphA2的阳性表达率在乳腺癌ER／PR阴性组明显高于乳腺癌ER／PR阳性组（P〈0.05）。结论ER、PR和EphA2与乳腺癌的发生、发展有关,联合检测ER、PR和EphA2有助于客观评估乳腺癌的生物学行为,有助于指导临床用药和预测预后。     

乳腺癌雌、孕激素受体与腋淋巴结转移的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌雌、孕激素受体(ER、PR)与淋巴结转移之间的关系.方法应用免疫组织化学方法对257例乳腺癌组织石蜡切片进行ER、PR检测,将ER、PR结果与病理检出淋巴结的结果进行统计学分析.结果 ER、PR的阳性表达率分别为63.27%和59.27%.在ER、PR的4种组合中淋巴结转移率基本相同,经统计学处理均无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论乳腺癌组织中的ER、PR阳性表达与淋巴结转移无关.ER、PR测定对指导内分泌治疗和估计预后有重要意义.     

雌激素受体β亚型和Survivin在甲状腺肿瘤组织中表达的意义

目的探讨雌激素受体β亚型（ERβ）和凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin在甲状腺肿瘤组织中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法对2003年2月至2007年12月收检的125例甲状腺肿瘤组织蜡块（86例甲状腺癌,39例甲状腺腺瘤）和10例正常甲状腺组织中ERβ和Survivin的表达进行检测。结果ERβ不仅表达于甲状腺上皮细胞的细胞核和细胞质,在间质中也有表达。ERβ在甲状腺癌、甲状腺腺瘤和正常甲状腺组织中的阳性表达率分别为83．72％、51．28％和20．00％,甲状腺癌中ERβ的表达显著高于其他两组（P〈0．05）。Survivin在甲状腺癌、甲状腺腺瘤中的阳性表达率分别为59．30％、17．95％,在正常甲状腺组织中无表达。甲状腺癌中Survivin的表达显著高于其他两组（P〈0．05）。甲状腺癌ERβ和Survivin的异常表达与肿瘤分期以及淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）。结论ERβ的表达可能对甲状腺癌发生过程中的细胞增生具有促进作用;ERβ和Survivin的异常表达与甲状腺癌的侵袭和转移有关。     

Hormone receptors in breast cancer: racial differences in distribution and survival

The purpose of this study was to describe hormone receptor status and analyze the effect of receptors on survival from breast cancer. Comparisons were made between African–American and Caucasian racial categories. Breast cancer data from 1990 through 1997 collected by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were analyzed. Subjects were 993 Caucasian men, 12,303 African–American women, and 141,045 Caucasian women. The number of African–American men was too small to analyze separately (n=93). In addition to analysis of estrogen and progesterone receptor status by sex and race, tumor and patient characteristics included age, stage at time of diagnosis, and tumor histology. The proportion of Caucasian men with hormone receptor positive tumors remained relatively high and stable for all ages. In women, the proportion of hormone receptor positive tumors increased with age, with African–American women having the highest proportion of hormone receptor negative tumors. Caucasian men had highest proportions of hormone receptor positive tumors in all histology and stage groups, while African–American women had lowest proportions of hormone receptor positive tumors in all stage and histologic categories. Survival for African–American women was significantly worse for each hormone receptor category. In multivariate analyses, race was a significant independent predictor of survival, but sex was not. Although reasons for differences in hormone receptor status by sex and race are unknown, several hypotheses are discussed with respect to differences in tumor histopathology and risk factors.     

Prolactin binding by human mammary carcinoma: Relationship to estrogen receptor protein concentration and patient age

Summary Biopsy specimens of 55 human mammary carcinomas (38 primary and 17 metastatic) were assayed for prolactin receptors (PrlR). Prolactin bound specifically to 32 (58%) of the tumor biopsy specimens. The apparent K _d for PrlR in individual tumors ranged from 15 pM to 2. 3 nM (mean 600 pM,n = 5) and the concentration of PrlR ranged from 0 to 44.5 fmoles/mg protein. Estrogen receptors (ERP) were also detected in 28 of the 32 tumors which had PrlR. Overall, there was no correlation between PrlR and ERP. However, the mean concentration of PrlR was significantly higher (p <0.01) in tumors with 6–100 fmoles/mg protein ERP ( 13 fmoles PrlR) than in tumors with either <6 or >250 fmoles ERP (4.0 ± 0.4 and 6.5 ± 1.8 respectively fmoles PrlR). Analysis of PrlR concentration as a function of patient age also showed no overall correlation, but the mean PrlR in tumors from women aged 60–70 was significantly higher (p <0.01) than in those from either younger or older women. A higher concentration of PrlR was observed in tumors which were classified histologically as medium or well differentiated (6.1 ± 1.2 and 11.1 ± 2.1, respectively) than in those classified as poorly differentiated (3.3 ± 1.2) (p <0.03). There was a negative correlation between PrlR concentration and membrane yield from the tumors (r = 0.43,p <0.002). The membrane yield correlated with the ratio of tumor cells to stroma (histologically) (r = 0.63,p <0.001). In tumors from 12 patients with metastatic disease on whom follow up after endocrine-related therapy was available, the mean PrlR concentration was significantly higher in the non-responding group (8.2 ± 3.0) than in the responding group (3.4 ± 4.2,p = 0.05). Address for reprints: Dr. Barbara Rae-Venter, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550.     

ER和PR在子宫颈的分布及其与宫颈鳞癌的关系

目的 :检测雌激素受体 (ER)、孕激素受体 (PR)在正常子宫颈的分布 ,并探讨ER和PR的表达状态与宫颈鳞癌的发生发展及预后的关系。方法 :采用SP免疫组化方法对 2 1例正常宫颈 ,40例宫颈上皮内瘤变 (CIN)及 71例浸润性宫颈鳞癌进行ER、PR检测。结果 :正常宫颈ER、PR主要在鳞状上皮、腺上皮及间质细胞核表达 ,且三者表达状态基本一致 ,CIN鳞状上皮及浸润性宫颈鳞癌ER、PR核表达率明显降低。结论 :ER、PR核表达下调或缺失可能是宫颈鳞癌发生的一重要机制。     

耐药基因及雌孕激素受体在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

本文用免疫组化法对15例乳腺癌做了多药耐药基因产物P17。及谷航计肽S一转移酶（GST。）以及雌孕激素受体（ER，PR）的检测。浸润性导管瘤14例，粘液腺癌1例。检测结果雌孕激素受体共同表达率为667％（IO门5），巳？。过度表达为“7（10／15）．GSTx过度表达为553％（8／15）。ER、PR表达与肿瘤的分化程度有关，即分化好的乳腺癌标记率较高，提示预后较好。结果表明多数乳腺癌表达雌孕激素受体，提示对内分泌治疗有效。P；0，GST，不仅为乳腺癌标记物，而且也提示了多数乳腺癌对亲脂类及烷化剂类化疗药可能具有耐药性。因此时过度表达的乳腺癌临床上应慎用此类化疗药。     

Fluorescent histochemical demonstration of estrogen and progesterone binding in giant cell tumors of bone: Preliminary observations

Hormonal receptors of giant cell tumors (GCTs) have not been previously reported. Five cases of GCT of bone were analyzed for estrogen and progesterone binding. Frozen sections were studied by a histochemical method, using 17-beta-6-CMOBSA-FITC and 11-alpha-hydroxyprogester-one-HS-BSA-TMRITC. Cytoplasmic fluorescence with estradiol-BSA-FITC was seen in stromal cells of all five tumors; three also showed cytoplasmic staining with progesterone-BSA-TMRITC. No fluorescence was seen in the giant cells. Two cases were also analyzed by a dextrancoated charcoal cytosol assay. No estrogen or progesterone receptor was detected by cytosol assay. This study suggests that the estrogen and progesterone binding is present in GCT of bone, possible to low-affinity sites rather than high-affinity receptors. Further investigation of hormonal receptors of GCTs of bone is warranted.     

Immunohistochemical Determination of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Canine Mammary Tumors

Mammary gland tumors are by far the most commonly found tumors in domestic dogs. Effective therapeuticprocedures with prompt accurate diagnoses are of prime importance for this life threatening neoplasm. Althoughimmunohistochemical methods provide valuable information such as the location and semi-quantitative data ofthe interested antigens in particular tumors, conventional methods like histopathological diagnosis remain usefuland necessary for identification and classification of tumors. In the present study, we combined histopathologywith immunohistochemical staining of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in caninemammary gland tumors. Fifty dogs with primary mammary tumors underwent surgery at the VeterinaryTeaching Hospital of Mahidol University during 2005 to 2007. Three of them were diagnosed with precancerouslesions and negatively stained for ER or PR antibody. Twenty one were diagnosed with benign tumors classifiedas adenomas and benign mixed mammary gland tumors. Nearly 60% of the lesions were negatively stained forER or PR. PR positively stained, both PR and ER stained and ER stained tumors accounted for 19%, 19% and5%, respectively. Of the malignant tumors, eighty-six percent were adenocarcinomas and 14% were malignantmixed mammary gland tumors. Nearly 70% were negatively stained for ER or PR, 14% were PR positivelystained, 14% were both PR and ER stained and 5% were ER stained. Four dogs had unidentified lesions. Insummary, more than half of our benign and malignant canine mammary tumors were negatively stained for ERand PR. This indicates a lack of correlation with estrogen and/or progesterone receptor expression.     

The effect of age on estrogen and progesterone receptor in primary breast cancer

We evaluated the estrogen receptors (Er) and progesterone receptors (Pr) in 228 female patients with primary breast cancer by Dextran-Charcol method. Their ages vary from 30 to 91 years. Mean age 60.7 years. (SD: 13.6 years). Er mean was 70.31. (SD:103); there exists a statistically significant correlation between age and Er at p less than .001; older patients have higher Er. Pr mean was 60.73, (SD:128). There is statistically significant correlation between age and Pr at .01 less than p less than .025; older patients have higher Pr. There is also very statistical significant correlation between Er and Pr at p less than 0.1; when Er is high Pr is high.     

ER、PR在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：检测并分析ER和PR在乳腺癌中的表达,探讨ER、PR在内分泌治疗中的作用。方法：选取137例有完整临床和病理资料的乳腺癌患者,采用免疫组化法检测其乳腺癌组织中的ER、PR表达。结果：ER,PR阳性率分别为55．47％,51．09％,PR（＋）患者,其ER大多数表达阳性;绝经后ER阳性患者较绝经前患者多;ER、PR阳性率表达与淋巴结是否转移无明显相关性。结论：ER和PR在乳腺癌组织中的存在可以预测肿瘤对激素治疗是否敏感,为临床指导辅助内分泌治疗提供有力的证据。     

100例乳腺癌雌激素和孕激素受体的测定和分析

对100例乳腺癌选用ER和PR抗血清,采用ABC法进行免疫组化染色,结果发现:ER和PR同时阳性者为40例(40％),ER和PR同时阴性者为26例(26％);所有病例随访3～4年,40例ER和PR同时阳性中有1例复发,占2.5％,26例ER和PR同时阴性中有12例复发,占46.2％,二者有显著差异性(P<0.01)。结果提示:乳腺癌ER和PR同时阳性病预后较阴性病例好,因此,同时测定乳腺癌ER和PR对临床制定乳腺癌的治疗方案和判定预后有重大价值和意义。     

甲状腺乳头状癌的生长与女性激素受体及血清激素水平相关的研究

本研究采用酶联亲和组化法,对151例甲状腺各种病变及正常组织,进行了探索性地雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PgR)检测,并对其中43例乳头状癌患者的5种相关血清激素进行放免测定。结果显示:甲状腺各种病变组织及正常组织中,多可查见例数不等和含量不同的女性激素受体,其中以乳头状癌分布最广(占病例的90％以上),且阳性率最高(ER44.O％,PgR64.0％);女性乳头状癌组织的PgR阳性率(71.0％)高于男性(52.6％),血清雌二醇及孕酮的均值(48·87Pg/ml及1.55ng/ml)均显著高于男性(25.79Pg/ml及0.43ng/ml,P<0.001及P<0.05)。本研究首次提示甲状腺乳头状癌组织中有ER和PgR并存,为本病属女性激素依赖性肿瘤及女性激素可能致癌,提供参考依据。