传染病医院医务人员HIV职业暴露的危险因素以及防控干预

目的 分析传染病医院医务人员HIV(人类免疫缺陷病毒)职业暴露的危险因素以及防控干预.方法 选取2010~2015年传染病医院医务人员HIV职业暴露医务工作人员,对其科室分布、暴露方式、暴露途径进行分析,并根据分析结果 采取防控干预对策.结果2010~2015年共暴露21例医务工作人员,其中艾滋病科13例,手术室3例,妇产科2例,检验科2例,门诊1例.暴露人员中护士有12例,占比57.1%,医生6例,占比28.6%,检验员2例,占比9.5%,门诊1例,占比4.8%.暴露方式:意外损伤16例,占比76.2%,防护不当5例,占比23.8%.21例HIV职业暴露医务工作人员暴露后均进行紧急处理,并进行医学监测1年,21例职业暴露医务工作人员的HIV抗体均为阴性.结论 加强对传染病医院医务人员的职业防护,提高其防护意识,发生暴露后即刻进行规范处理,以预防职业暴露及暴露后感染.     

癌症患者家庭关怀度与创伤后应激障碍水平的相关性研究

目的 探讨癌症患者家庭关怀度与创伤后应激障碍的相关性.方法 对明确诊断的67例癌症患者,依家庭关怀度指数问卷(APGAR)评分分为家庭功能障碍组、家庭功能良好组,尔后分别进行创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)的测评及分析.结果 67例患者APGAR评分为0～6分者28例;7～10分39例.家庭功能良好组评分为(4.52±1.27)分,家庭功能障碍组评分为(3.86±1.23)分,两者差异显著( t=2.13,P＜0.05).家庭功能良好者PTSD-SS总分及各因子评分均低于家庭功能障碍组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01或＜0.05).癌症患者APGAR与PTSD-SS评分呈显著负相关(P＜0.01或＜0.05).结论 家庭关怀度与癌症患者的心理应激状况密切相关,家庭功能良好者,其心理应激水平较低.     

内镜诊疗中心乙型肝炎职业暴露16例分析

目的 探讨内镜诊疗中心工作人员乙型肝炎职业暴露的特点及防范措施.方法 对16例内镜诊疗中心 乙型肝炎职业暴露工作人员进行回顾性分析,统计其一般情况,包括年龄、性别、职称类别;职业暴露原因及方 式,包括锐器刺伤、破损黏膜接触、污染物溅到眼睛;职业暴露后处理情况.结果 16例乙型肝炎职业暴露者平 均年龄(32.6±10.2)岁,其中护师2例(12.5%),护士4例(25.0%),技师3例(18.8%),临时聘用人员6例 (37.5%),实习生1例(6.2%).职业暴露方式以锐器损伤(62.5%)为主,其次为皮肤破损黏膜接触乙型肝炎 患者血液污染物品(25.0%)及污染物溅到眼睛2例(12.5%).操作过程中未戴手套、护目镜为主要暴露原因. 职业暴露后给予局部冲洗、消毒,乙型肝炎疫苗或免疫球蛋白注射,16例暴露者监测6个月内均未出现乙型肝炎 表面抗原阳性,未发生乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染.结论 对内镜诊疗中心工作人员应强化乙型肝炎职业防护培训 ,严格操作规程,减少职业暴露的发生.     

尿毒症患者创伤后应激障碍状况及影响因素分析

目的 研究尿毒症患者创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的发生情况及影响因素.方法 采用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)对2016年1～4月在成都市华西医院肾脏内科就诊的103例尿毒症患者的PTSD发生情况和相关因素进行横断面调查,并对相关影响因素进行单因素方差分析和多元线性回归分析.结果 尿毒症患者PTSD-SS的平均得分为(34.29±15.31)分,其中,阳性症状者(≥50分)19例(占18.4％);病程≤2年PTSD发生率为14.5％,病程>2年PTSD发生率为24.4％.多元线性回归分析显示,文化程度和医保类型是尿毒症患者PTSD的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 尿毒症患者存在一定程度的PTSD症状;对于尿毒症患者存在的PTSD危险因素,低学历和无医保患者,应引起足够重视.     

妇科癌症患者心理健康和应对方式的相关研究

目的调查妇科癌症患者创伤后应激障碍发生率、心理健康水平与心理弹性的关系。方法采用创伤后应激障碍症状清单-平民版(PTSD checklist-civilian version,PCL-C)、心理弹性量表(connor-davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)、症状自评量表(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)、应对方式问卷对181例三甲医院的妇科癌症患者进行问卷调查。结果①妇科癌症患者的PTSD总分为(30.75±11.28)分,PTSD总分≥38分者41例(22.65%),总分≥45分者20例(11.05%),总分≥50分者11例(6.08%)。②PTSD阳性组在心理弹性的总分上显著低于PTSD阴性组(P<0.05)。③妇科癌症患者SCL-90阳性组在心理弹性总分上显著低于SCL-90阴性组(P<0.01)。在人格(EPQ)的神经质得分显著高于阴性组(P<0.01),在应对方式的自责、退避、合理化因子得分上显著高于阴性组(P<0.05)。④PTSD总分与SCL-90总分、自责、退避应对方式3个因素成正相关,与心理弹性(CD)总分、解决问题、求助、合理化应对方式4个因素成负相关。SCL-90总分与PTSD总分、自责、幻想、退避应对方式4个因素成正相关,与CD总分、外向性、合理化应对方式3个因素成负相关。结论妇科癌症患者创伤后应激障碍发生率较高,低心理弹性、低心理健康水平、消极的应对方式是创伤后应激障碍的重要预测因素。     

抗震救灾官兵心理应激反应及其影响因素

目的 了解救灾官兵心理应激反应状况,探讨影响军事应激情况下官兵心理应激反应的相关因素.方法 采用一般情况调查表、创伤后应激障碍白评量表(PTSD-SS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)及个人自评量表(PEI)对"5.12"地震救灾过程中的某部869名救灾官兵进行调查分析.结果 救灾官兵创伤后应激障碍的检出率为24.4%,明显高于同部未参加抗震救灾的官兵(9.2%,χ~2=66.06,P<0.01).PTSD-SS总分与职务、心理卫生知识了解情况、社会支持、生活条件、PEI总分及PEI的部分因子呈显著负相关(P<0.01～0.05),与负性应对方式呈显著正相关(P<0.01).多元逐步回归分析显示,生活条件、心理知识、负性应对方式、PEI总分及PEI的部分因子进入回归方程.结论 部分救灾官兵存在明显的心理应激反应,生活条件、心理卫生知识、负性应对方式、自信心等因素对官兵的心理应激状态影响较大.     

医务人员职业暴露后不同时期心理状态的调查分析

目的研究医务人员职业暴露发生后不同时期的心理状态变化。方法使用《医务人员职业暴露后心理症状表》和《医务人员血液体液职业暴露登记表》,对新疆医科大学第五附属医院2012年1月-2013年12月发生职业暴露的61名医务人员,分别在24h、1w、1、3、6个月进行暴露后不同时期的心理症状评价。结果共发生职业暴露61例中职业以护士最多(35人,57%)。暴露方式以锐器伤最多(56人,92%)。与发生职业暴露后6个月相比,暴露后24h、1w时的心理症状评分的总分差异具有统计学意义。以职业暴露后24h的心理症状评分最高,之后随暴露后时间的延长而降低。主要的心理表现为害怕、忧虑、紧张、想变换工作岗位等。结论职业暴露在一定程度上影响到了发生暴露者的情绪和行为习惯,不同时间段的心理症状表现程度不同。     

珍珠养心安神汤对创伤后应激障碍患者HAMD和PTSD-SS评分及细胞因子和相关代谢产物的影响

目的 观察珍珠养心安神汤对创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)评分及细胞因子和相关代谢产物的影响.方法 选取2015年6至2016年5月在海南省两家医院中医门诊就诊且年龄在30~60岁的55例PTSD患者,采用完全随机分组方法分为观察组28例和对照组27例,两组患者均给予口服盐酸帕罗西汀片及心理疗法等综合治疗3个月,观察组再加服自拟中药珍珠养心安神汤.比较两组患者治疗前后的HAMD和PTSS评分及不同时间点细胞因子和相关代谢产物的变化情况.结果 治疗前对照组和观察组两组患者PTSD-SS评分为(63.24±6.16)分、(65.64±7.02)分,HAMD得分为(30.24±2.05)分、(29.28±1.97)分,治疗前两组患者PTSD-SS评分和HAMD得分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后对照组和观察组两组患者PTSD-SS评分为(31.40±4.29)分、(28.32±4.18)分,HAMD得分为(13.08±2.30)分、(11.72±2.13)分,治疗后两组患者PTSD-SS评分和HAMD得分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组患者随着治疗时间的延长血浆白介素2(IL-2)、白介素6(IL-6)、白介素8(IL-8)、血清丙二醛(MDA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、一氧化氮(NO)、人血管活性肠肽(VIP)含量均呈逐渐降低的趋势(P<0.05),且观察组患者降低水平均高于对照组.两组患者促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量随着治疗时间的延长呈逐渐升高的趋势(P<0.05).结论 珍珠养心安神汤可改善创伤后应激障碍的患者PTSD症状,对PTSD患者的细胞因子及相关代谢产物变化有一定的影响.     

正念减压训练对交通事故幸存者创伤后应激障碍的干预效果

目的 探讨正念减压训练对交通事故幸存者创伤后应激障碍的影响.方法 采用便利抽样法选取重庆市精神卫生中心2018年1月至2019年6月收治的交通事故所致创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)患者52例.采用随机数字表法将研究对象分为对照组和干预组各26例.干预组给予正念减压训练(mindfulness-based stress reduction,MBSR),对照组给予减压团体心理治疗,两组干预均连续进行3个周期,每周期为8周,每周1次,每次50 min.干预前和每周期干预后采用临床用创伤后应激障碍诊断量表(Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale,CAPS)和创伤后应激障碍自评量表(Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale,PTSD-SS)对两组患者进行测评.比较两组干预前后反复重现体验症状、回避症状、警觉性增高症状、主观评定、社会功能受损情况.结果 干预前两组CAPS、PTSD-SS各维度得分及总分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);干预1个周期后干预组CAPS回避症状维度、PTSD-SS主观评定和社会功能受损维度及总分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),干预2、3个周期后,干预组CAPS、PTSD-SS各维度得分及总分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与干预前相比,干预组干预后第1、2、3个周期CAPS、PTSD-SS各维度得分及总分均逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论MBSR较减压团体心理治疗在改善PTSD患者症状方面更加迅速,且随干预时间增加疗效更显著.     

Correlation between mental health and coping style in gynecological cancer patients

目的 调查妇科癌症患者创伤后应激障碍发生率、心理健康水平与心理弹性的关系.方法 采用创伤后应激障碍症状清单-平民版(PTSD checklist-civilian version,PCL-C)、心理弹性量表(connor-davidson resilience scale,CD- RISC)、症状自评量表(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)、应对方式问卷对181例三甲医院的妇科癌症患者进行问卷调查.结果 ①妇科癌症患者的PTSD总分为(30.75±11.28)分,PTSD总分≥38分者41例(22.65％),总分≥45分者20例(11.05％),总分≥50分者11例(6.08％).②PTSD阳性组在心理弹性的总分上显著低于PTSD阴性组(P＜0.05).③妇科癌症患者SCL-90阳性组在心理弹性总分上显著低于SCL-90阴性组(P＜0.01).在人格(EPQ)的神经质得分显著高于阴性组(P＜0.01),在应对方式的自责、退避、合理化因子得分上显著高于阴性组(P＜0.05).④PTSD总分与SCL-90总分、自责、退避应对方式3个因素成正相关,与心理弹性(CD)总分、解决问题、求助、合理化应对方式4个因素成负相关.SCL-90总分与PTSD总分、自责、幻想、退避应对方式4个因素成正相关,与CD总分、外向性、合理化应对方式3个因素成负相关.结论 妇科癌症患者创伤后应激障碍发生率较高,低心理弹性、低心理健康水平、消极的应对方式是创伤后应激障碍的重要预测因素.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.