氪激光/Nd:YAG激光联合应用于周边虹膜切除术

目的探讨氪激光/Nd:YAG激光联合应用于周边虹膜切除术的临床疗效.方法对18例26眼有适应证的患者进行氪激光/Nd:YAG激光联合应用于周边虹膜切除术,观察术中能量、术中及术后并发症,并与单纯YAG激光治疗周边虹膜切除术进行比较.结果氪激光/Nd:YAG激光联合应用组1次透切成功25眼,前房出血3眼,前房葡萄膜反应极轻,无视力影响及角膜晶状体损伤.结论氪激光/Nd:YAG激光联合应用于周边虹膜切除术具有并发症少,总能量低,1次透切率高的优点.     

慢性闭角型青光眼激光虹膜周边切除术远期临床疗效分析

目的 观察各期慢性闭角型青光眼(慢闭青),在施行YAG激光虹膜周边切除术(YAG laser iridectomy,YLI)治疗后的远期临床效果并评估其适用范围。方法 对青光眼门诊中已施行YLI的各期幔闭青患者随访一年以上者(1～8年,平均3年),着重对眼压的控制情况、视功能(视力和杯盘比)的保持情况、激光孔的保持情况、周边房角的保持情况、以及远期合并症等方面进行观察分析。结果 在204例(337只眼)各期慢闭青中,YU后有87．5％(295／337)的眼压及视功能保持稳定。其中27％(91／337)临床前期或早期病人效果最佳,基本达到“痊愈”,而60．5％(204／337)的发展期或晚期病人则需长期加点适量降眼压药方可控制眼压。另外有12．5％(42／337)的发展期或晚期病人,眼压仍未能控制,需用其它治疗或施行手术。结论 Nd：YAG激光虹膜周切术,对慢闭青是一种简便而有效的治疗手段,尤其对临床前期或早期患者效果最佳,对很大一部分发展期或晚期病人,施行YLI后加点药可以控制眼压,从而避免了手术。     

探讨Nd：YAG激光周边虹膜切除术远期疗效的预测

目的探讨Nd：YAG激光周边虹膜切除术对闭角型青光眼的远期疗效的预测方法。方法对156例（204眼）接受Nd：YAG激光周边虹膜切除术1～5年后的原发性急性闭角型青光眼临床前期、缓解期和原发性慢性闭角型青光眼早期的患眼进行回顾性的多因素分析。其内容包括：手术前后视力、眼压,中央和周边前房深度、前房角形态以及杯盘比值,部分患者还作暗室试验和视野检查。结果204眼术后,30眼（14．7％）1～5年前房角出现新的粘连闭合或原粘连闭合继续扩大,并发生青光眼性的视功能损害。这些失败眼术前都具有前房隐窝浅、虹膜根部附止靠前、虹膜呈爬行性前粘连,或术后周边前房未明显加深,房角未加宽的临床特点。结论正确评估手术前前房角的形态结构和观测手术后周边前房深度的变化是预测激光周边虹膜切除手术远期疗效的方法,是筛选13后会失败的高危眼的两个重要指标。     

激光周边虹膜成形术治疗周边虹膜切除术后的原发性闭角型青光眼

目的 评价激光周边虹膜成形术(LPIP)治疗周边虹膜切除术后眼压失控原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)的临床效果,进一步探寻原发性闭角型青光眼治疗新思路.方法 回顾性分析激光周边虹膜切开术(LPI)或周边虹膜切除术(SPI)后眼压失控PACG行LPIP治疗患者38例53只眼.观察手术前后眼压、视力、中央前房深度(ACD)、房角开放距离(AOD500)、前房角形态及并发症等.随访12～24月,平均(14.4±7.6)月.结果 术前眼压(24.3±4.2) mm Hg,LPIP术后最末次随访眼压(17.5±6.7) mm Hg,与术前比较平均下降(6.8±2.5)mm Hg,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.15,P＜0.05).ACD:术前(1.97±0.41)mm,LPIP术后1月、6 月、12月分别为(2.01±0.54)mm、(1.99±0.63)mm、(2.05±0.77) mm,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(F=2.90,P=0.08).AOD500:术前(155.3±54.8) μm,LPIP术后1月、6月、12月分别为(259.7±71.3)μm、(263.3±61.5)μm、(264.7±35.8)μm,术后均较术前加深,差异具有统计学意义(F=67.5,P=0.000).术后前房角结构可见范围增加,周边虹膜前粘连范围缩小.术后早期视力无变化,随访时间内视野损害无进展.主要并发症是瞳孔轻度散大.结论 LPIP治疗LPI或SPI术后眼压失控PACG,能明显加深前房角开放距离,有效解除非瞳孔阻滞发病因素,控制眼内压,阻止病情进展.PACG发病因素多种复杂,其治疗不能单纯依据前房角关闭范围采取单一手术,应采取具有针对性个性化治疗方案.     

半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼

目的:探讨半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼疗效。方法:对89例110眼闭角型青光眼行半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术。结果:激光孔通畅100%,治愈98眼,好转8眼,无效4眼,总有效率96.4%。术前术后平均视力无明显变化。术后1wk眼压0.93～2.67(平均1.87)kPa。所有病例前房角均有不同程度的加宽。结论:半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼,操作简单,效果确切,并发症少,是治疗闭角型青光眼的理想术式,值得临床推广。     

Q开关Nd:YAG激光与传统周边虹膜切除术的疗效观察对比

目的:比较Q开关Nd:YAG激光与手术周边虹膜切除术的临床疗效。方法:对行Nd:YAG激光周边虹膜切除术的108眼与传统周边虹膜切除术的78眼进行回顾性分析,比较术后眼压、视力、前房深度、并发症等情况。结果:随访6mo,两组术后眼压控制情况比较无显著差异性,术后视力激光治疗组优于手术组(P<0.05)。结论:Q开关Nd:YAG激光周边虹膜切除术操作简便安全,术后恢复快且经济,但不能完全取代手术周边虹膜切除术。     

氩激光周边虹膜成形术联合YAG和氩激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼

我们应用氩激光周边虹膜成形术联合 YAG和氩激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼取得良好效果 ,现报告如下 :资料与方法 :1998年 9月～ 2 0 0 0年 9月应用氩激光周边虹膜成形术联合 YAG和氩激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼 42例 5 1眼 ,女性 33例 ,男性 9例 ,年龄 5 3～ 73岁 ,平均 6 4岁。临床前期 38眼 ,间歇期 6眼 ,发作期 3眼 ,慢性闭角型青光眼 4眼。慢性闭角型青光眼作暗室试验。随访观察时间 3个月～ 2 4个月。常规作视力、裂隙灯、房角镜、暗室试验和视野检查。眼压控制标准为停用降眼压药物后眼压≤2 .79k Pa,…     

频域眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪(AS-OCT)对激光周边虹膜切开术后患者前房角结构定量检测

目的 利用频域眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪(anterior segment optical coherence tomography,AS-OCT)检测原发性闭角型青光眼及原发性房角关闭眼激光周边虹膜切开术后的房角参数,并探讨测量参数的选择及在青光眼患者筛查与随访中的临床意义.方法 选取原发性闭角型青光眼及原发性房角关闭患者共40例(55眼),其中原发性急性闭角型青光眼缓解期8例11眼,原发性急性闭角型青光眼临床前期20例(20眼),原发性房角关闭12例(24眼).应用频域AS-OCT量化评价激光周边虹膜切开术后房角结构,测量上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧前房角(anterior chamber angle,ACA)、小梁虹膜夹角(trabecular-iris angle,TIA)、房角开放距离(angle open distance,AOD)、小梁虹膜空间面积(trabecular iris space area,TISA),对检查结果进行分析.结果 选取角膜内侧距巩膜突500 μm和750μm的点,分别测量上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧四个方位的AOD、TIA、ACA、TISA,归为500系列和750系列.500系列及750系列TIA、ACA、AOD测量值均值均为颞侧最大,鼻侧最小;TISA测量均值下方最大、上方最小.Pearson相关性分析显示TIA500和ACA500(r=0.799、P=0.00)、TIA750和ACA750(r=0.799、P=0.00)、TIA500和TI-SA500(r=0.919、P=0.00)、TIA750和TISA750(r=0.920、P=0.00)均具有正相关关系.以TIA500为自变量x,TISA500为因变量y,得回归方程y=-0.300 +0.005x(F=1195,P=0.00),即TISA500与TIA500呈线性正相关关系.以TIA750为自变量x,TISA750为因变量y,得回归方程y=-0.440 +0.009x(F=854,P=0.00),即TISA750与TIA750呈线性正相关关系.750系列参数的变异系数在四个方位均小于500系列.结论 频域AS-OCT可用于原发性闭角型青光眼及原发性房角关闭患者术后的疗效评价与随访.在房角狭窄时,750系列参数变异系数更小,更具有临床应用价值.     

Q-开关Nd:YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗闭角型青光眼的疗效观察

目的:观察Q-开关Nd:YAG激光治疗闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法:收集212例236眼门诊及住院闭角型青光眼患者,其中原发性闭角型青光眼204例228眼,葡萄膜炎继发青光眼8例8眼,进行Q-开关Nd:YAG激光虹膜切除术,非接触压平眼压计测量眼压,观察Q-开关Nd:YAG激光虹膜切除术后临床效果。结果:随诊3～24mo,激光虹膜切除术治疗前眼压均值21.36mmHg,治疗后终末眼压均值19.25mmHg,眼压控制良好219眼,有效率92.8%,配合降眼压药物治疗,眼压控制正常11眼(4.7%),眼压升高6眼(2.5%),再次激光无效后行小梁切除术。激光治疗术后前房加深,房角有不同程度加宽,视野未明显改变。结论:Q-开关Nd:YAG激光虹膜切除术是一种治疗闭角型青光眼安全有效的方法。     

Nd:YAG激光周边虹膜切开术治疗药物难控制性PACG发作期的疗效

目的:观察Nd∶YAG激光周边虹膜切开术(LPI)治疗药物难控制性原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)急性发作期患者的疗效。方法:采用前瞻性研究,纳入襄阳市第一人民医院眼科2019-05/2020-06收治的药物难控制性PACG急性发作期患者20例22眼,所有受试对象均行LPI治疗,术前和术后检查患者视力、眼压、房角关闭范围、前房角角度(ACA)、前房容积(ACV)、中央前房深度(CACD)、周边前房深度(PACD)以及并发症。结果:受试对象均可实施LPI。术前房角关闭范围均>180°,术后房角关闭范围≤180°有9眼(41%);21眼(95%)术后眼压与术前相比明显降低(P<0.05);术后前房参数除CACD无明显变化(P>0.05),ACA、ACV、PACD均较术前增加(P<0.05)。术中15眼(68%)发生虹膜小瀑布样或丝样出血,5眼(23%)出现角膜上皮层损伤。结论:LPI在药物难控制性PACG急性发作期可以实施,安全性高,能有效降低眼压,缓解症状,疗效显著。     

Comparison of ultrasound biomicroscopy and spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography in evaluation of anterior segment after laser peripheral iridotomy

AIM: To quantitatively assess narrow anterior chamber angle using spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD-AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and to evaluate the correlations and consistency between SD-AS-OCT and UBM. METHODS: Fifty-five eyes from 40 patients were examined. Patients were diagnosed with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) remission (11 eyes from 8 patients), primary angle closure (PAC, 20 eyes from 20 patients) and PAC suspect (24 eyes from 12 patients). Each eye was examined by SD-AS-OCT and UBM after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). The measurements of SD-AS-OCT were angle open distance (AOD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), trabecular iris angle (TIA), and trabecular iris space area (TISA). UBM measurements were AOD and TIA. Correlations of AOD500 and TIA500 between UBM and AS-OCT were assessed. All parameters were analysed by SPSS 16.0 and MedCalc. RESULTS: ACA, TIA and AOD measured by SD-AS-OCT reached a maximum at the temporal quadrant and minimum at the nasal quadrant. TISA reached the maximum at the inferior and minimum at the superior quadrant. Group parameters of AOD500 and AOD750 showed a linear positive correlation, and AOD750 had less variability. UBM outcomes of AOD500 and TIA500 were significantly smaller than those of SD-AS-OCT. The results of the two techniques were correlated at the superior, nasal and inferior quadrants. CONCLUSION: Both UBM and SD-AS-OCT are efficient tools for follow-up during the course of PACG. We recommended using parameters at 750 µm anterior to the sclera spur for the screening and follow-up of PACG and PAC. The two methods might be alternatives to each other.     

Changes in Caucasian eyes after laser peripheral iridotomy: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography study

Background: To evaluate by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) the changes in the anterior chamber structures in Caucasian eyes after laser peripheral iridotomy (PI). Methods: Retrospective study of consecutive Caucasian primary angle closure suspect (PACS), primary angle closure (PAC) or primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients who underwent laser PI over a 25‐month period at a specialist glaucoma practice. The AS‐OCT images of the temporal and nasal angles (in light and dark) before and after laser PI were analysed. The parameters studied were trabecular‐iris angle (TIA), angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular‐iris space area (TISA), trabecular‐iris contact length (TICL), iris thickness (IT) and maximum iris bow height (MIBH). Results: Images of 71 eyes of 71 patients were assessed. The mean age at laser PI was 60.3 ± 10.0 years. Forty (56.3%) were women, and 14 (19.7%) had PACG. The mean time from laser PI to the follow‐up AS‐OCT scan was 5.92 ± 3.22 weeks. The IT did not alter significantly after laser PI, but there were significant increases in the TIA, AOD and TISA, as well as a significant decrease in MIBH, in both light and dark. There was no difference in the magnitude of change seen between the temporal and nasal angles, or between PACS/PAC and PACG eyes. Conclusion: In Caucasian eyes, laser PI resulted in significant angle widening (increased TIA, AOD and TISA) and iris profile flattening (decreased MIBH) at the temporal and nasal angles based on AS‐OCT imaging in both light and dark.     

PACG激光虹膜切开术前后前节OCT扫描各参数变化研究

目的：观察原发性闭角青光眼（primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG）行激光虹膜切开术前后前节OCT扫描参数变化。方法：原发性闭角型青光眼30例42眼1/2以上象限房角开放,进行自身对照研究,利用前节OCT于激光虹膜切开术前及术后4wk进行检查,主要指标包括：前房角开放距离、小梁网与虹膜间面积、中央前房深度。术前术后检测参数比较,服从正态分布采用配对t检验,不服从正态分布的采用秩和检验。结果：PACG患者30例42眼LPI术前距巩膜突500μm处,前房角开放距离0.172±0.078μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.066±0.025mm2;距巩膜突750μm处,前房角开放距离0.268±0.133μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.122±0.045mm2;LPI术后距巩膜突500μm处,前房角开放距离0.277±0.105μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.113±0.041mm2;距巩膜突750μm处,前房角开放距离0.388±0.154μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.194±0.063mm2（P〈0.05）差异有统计学意义,但前房深度无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P=0.108）。结论：激光虹膜切开术可以解决瞳孔阻滞,使前房角开放距离、小梁网与虹膜间面积增加,但前房深度不变。     

Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术后黄斑区三维光学相干断层扫描观察

目的:应用三维光学相干断层扫描仪观察Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开对黄斑区视网膜的影响。方法:对超声乳化白内障术后后发性白内障患者65例79眼,依据后囊膜混浊的不同程度,使用不同输出能量的Nd:YAG激光进行治疗。术后10min及术后7d采用三维光学相干断层扫描(Topcon,3D-OCT-1000)检测眼底变化,并记录视力和眼前段情况。结果:后发性白内障患者79眼均成功施行Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术,术后患者视力均有不同程度提高,前房无炎性反应,仅6眼人工晶状体光学面出现小凹痕迹。术后10min,7d时患眼黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度(CMT)分别为201.36±41.27μm与197.23±36.54μm,比正常同年龄人群组CMT(189.95±43.57μm)略有增加,但两者与正常同年龄人群组比较差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。少数患者OCT表现为视网膜光感受器内外节连接(IS/OS)层不完整及黄斑中心凹视网膜各层次欠清晰。结论:Nd:YAG激光是治疗不同程度的后发性白内障安全有效的方法。3D-OCT显示Nd:YAG术后10min,7d的视网膜厚度较同年龄正常人群相似,结构未出现明显异常改变。操作技巧娴熟且激光能量选择适当能减小其对黄斑区视网膜的影响。     

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings of subinternal limiting membrane hemorrhage in the macula before and after Nd:YAG laser treatment

We reported the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings of a subinternal limiting membrane hemorrhage in the macula in one patient with Valsalva retinopathy and in one patient with macroaneurysm before and after neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser membranotomy. Within 1 week, the Nd:YAG laser treatment facilitated rapid absorption of the hemorrhage in both patients. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was helpful before laser treatment to evaluate the exact location of the blood and after laser treatment to confirm the amount and location of residual hemorrhage, which was hard to confirm by only indirect ophthalmoscopy.