血清25羟维生素D3水平与2型糖尿病大血管病变的关系研究

目的:探讨血清25-羟维生素D3[25(OH)D3]水平与2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)大血管病变的关系?方法:选取T2DM患者189例,按照有无大血管病变分为单纯T2DM组104例?T2DM合并大血管病变组85例,100例无糖尿病者为正常对照组?对每位患者进行临床资料收集,常规生化指标?血清25(OH)D3水平检测;根据25(OH)D3水平由高到低按三分位法将患者分为25(OH)D3高?中?低3组,比较3组患者动脉硬化的发生情况? 结果:单纯T2DM组和T2DM合并大血管病变组的血清25(OH)D3水平显著低于正常对照组(P < 0.05);T2DM合并大血管病变组患者血清25(OH)D3水平显著降低,与单纯T2DM组比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);按25(OH)D3水平由高到低进行分组的3组患者的大动脉粥样硬化的患病率也逐渐升高,分别为:14.29%?25.40%和48.73%,25 (OH)D3低水平组患者的大动脉粥样硬化的患病率显著高于25(OH)D3中?高水平组患者,差异有统计学意义(P均 < 0.05)?结论:血清25(OH)D3水平与T2DM大血管病变发生呈明显负相关,血清25(OH)D3水平降低可能增加糖尿病大血管病变的风险?     

T2DM患者血清25(OH)D、ApoM水平与IMT的关系

目的研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、载脂蛋白M(ApoM)水平与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)的关系。 方法回顾性分析112例T2DM患者(T2DM组)和同期体检健康人群108例(对照组)的临床资料。T2DM患者根据IMT分为IMT增厚组(n=58)与IMT正常组(n=54),比较各组血清25(OH)D、ApoM水平；分析T2DM患者IMT增厚的影响因素。 结果T2DM组血清25(OH)D、ApoM低于对照组,IMT增厚组血清25(OH)D、ApoM低于IMT正常组(P＜0.05)。患者高血压、高密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖、25(OH)D、ApoM为影响T2DM患者IMT增厚的独立危险因素(P＜0.05)。 结论血清25(OH)D、ApoM为影响T2DM患者IMT增厚的独立危险因素,临床可密切监测以及时进行评估及干预。     

2型糖尿病肾病不同肾功能时期血清25(OH)D与部分炎症因子的相关性分析

目的测定正常人群和2型糖尿病肾病(Diabetic kidney disease,DKD)患者血清25(OH)D浓度及血糖和相关炎症因子(TNF-ɑ和IL-8)的水平,探讨25(OH)D与糖代谢和相关炎症因子的关系。方法收集正常人群、单纯2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)和T2DM并DKD患者外周血分离血清,采用电化学发光法检测所有研究对象血清25(OH)D水平,用ELISA法检测血清TNF-ɑ及IL-8浓度,同时测定血糖参数进行比较。结果 T2DM患者HBA1c、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平均高于正常对照人群,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清25(OH)D水平T2DM患者低于NGR组(12.8±6.1 ng/m L比28.0±12.0 ng/m L,P<0.05),DKD尿毒症组明显低于单纯T2DM组和早期DKD组,单纯T2DM组和早期DKD组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NGR、单纯T2DM患者及早、晚期DKD患者比较,血清TNF-ɑ及IL-8水平均呈逐渐升高趋势,NGR组<单纯T2DM组<早期DKD组<晚期DKD组(P<0.05)。血清25(OH)D水平与TNF-ɑ呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 T2DM并DKD患者血清25(OH)D水平显著降低,与血清炎症细胞因子TNF-ɑ相关,且随着DKD病变程度的加重,维生素D缺乏逐渐加重,提示25(OH)D可能与炎症细胞因子水平的病理生理变化有关,并在DKD发病过程中可能起一定的作用,检测血清维生素D水平或许可为T2DM肾病的防治提供一些新线索。     

血清维生素D水平与2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢指标的相关性

目的探讨河南农村地区2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖脂代谢指标与血清维生素D水平的相关性。方法采用整群抽样法选取河南省郑州市二七区侯寨乡和焦作市武陟县农村地区居民为研究对象,其中T2DM患者为396例,纳入T2DM组,根据性别、年龄按照1∶1匹配396例非T2DM患者作为对照组。比较两组一般资料及相关实验室指标,分析T2DM组患者血清25(OH)D_3水平与糖脂代谢指标的相关性。结果 T2DM组患者维生素D缺乏水平、糖尿病家族史比例、全身性肥胖、向心性肥胖、腰臀比异常、腰身比异常、高血压比例均高于对照组,体力活动水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。T2DM组患者胰岛素和TG水平高于对照组,血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平、25(OH)D_3、1,25(OH)_2D_3水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。T2DM患者血清25(OH)D_3水平与血糖、甘油三酯(TG)呈负相关(均P<0.05),与HDL-C呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论河南农村地区T2DM患者血清维生素D水平与血糖和TG水平呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关。     

2型糖尿病患者合并非酒精性脂肪肝的临床观察

目的：观察2型糖尿病患者（T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的临床特点,分析T2DM合并NAFLD的危险因素。方法：选取138例住院的T2DM患者,分别测量血压、身高、体重,计算体质指数（BMI）;同时测定空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2小时血糖（2hPG）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）及餐后2小时胰岛素（PINS）。所有对象依B超检查结果是否脂肪肝分为NAFLD组（54例）和非脂肪肝（NFLD）组（84例）。对两组相关指标进行对比分析。结果：T2DM中NAFLD的患病率为39.2%,NAFLD组血清肝酶水平升高者为69.23%;T2DM合并NAFLD组患者BMI、TG、FINS、PINS水平明显升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论：T2DM患者中NAFLD呈现较高的患病率;BMI、TG、FINS、PINS可能是T2DM合并NAFLD的主要危险因素。     

初发2型糖尿病患者血清25-羟维生素D水平及相关性研究

目的:比较初发2型糖尿病患者(T2DM)血清维生素D?人体参数?生化指标与正常对照组的差异,分析维生素D与人体参数?生化指标的相关性,探讨维生素D在早期2型糖尿病发生中的作用及意义?方法:选择初诊T2DM患者65例,同期健康体检者32例,比较两组患者血清25(OH)D水平以及人体参数和生化指标;比较T2DM伴低25(OH)D组和T2DM不伴低25(OH)D组的腰围?BMI?FBS?HbA1C?血压?生化指标及PTH水平?结果:初发T2DM患者血清25(OH)D水平明显低于正常对照组,在维生素D的相关性分析中,25(OH)D与BMI?TG?Apo-A1呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关,与血压?血糖?HbA1C无明显的相关性?T2DM患者的PTH水平较对照组明显增高,且与维生素D水平呈负相关?结论:初发T2DM患者的血清维生素D水平较正常对照组降低,尤其是伴有肥胖?血脂异常者的血清维生素D水平降低更明显?但是初发T2DM患者的维生素D水平与血压?空腹血糖?钙离子?糖化血红蛋白无明显相关性?T2DM患者更易并发高血压的原因可能与PTH的增高有关,其机制有待进一步研究?     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病在2型糖尿病患者中的患病率及其危险因素研究

目的 了解非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)在2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者中的患病率,并分析其危险因素.方法 选取312例T2DM患者为研究对象,检测所有对象的肝肾功能、血糖、胰岛素、血脂等生化指标,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).由超声诊断NAFLD.结果 T2DM患者中NAFLD患病率为47.0%(147/312).T2DM伴NAFLD组患者的腰围、体质量、体质指数(BMI)均显著高于单纯T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).T2DM伴NAFLD组患者空腹胰岛素、三酰甘油水平、HOMA-IR、尿微量清蛋白(MALB)、合并代谢综合征的比例均显著高于单纯NAFLD组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 NAFLD在T2DM患者中患病率高,超重、腹型肥胖、高三酰甘油血症、高胰岛素血症是其发生的危险因素.     

血清维生素D与2型糖尿病视网膜病变关系的研究

 目的  探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)与血清维生素D的关系。方法  选取2012年2月至2014年12月期间同时被纳入上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心生物样本库和糖尿病管理系统的2型糖尿病患者310例,根据眼底检查分为DR组(n=105例)和正常眼底(non diabetic retinopathy,NDR)组(n=205例),收集患者的基本信息、疾病史和检验信息,并检测各组血清中的25 羟基维生素D ［25(OH)D］水平。结果  单因素分析结果显示,与NDR组比较,DR组的25(OH)D水平降低(t=3.465,P<0.001),25(OH)D缺乏率增高(χ2=5.313,P=0.021),但是25(OH)D不足率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.990,P=0.320)。二元Logistic回归分析结果表明,在校正一系列变量(基本特征、疾病史、空腹血糖、餐后血糖、甘油三酯和尿酸)后,25(OH)D水平与T2DM患者并发DR呈负相关(OR=0.954,95% CI:0.926~0.983,P=0.002),25(OH)D缺乏的T2DM患者DR发病风险是25(OH)D不缺乏者的2.17倍(OR=2.171,95% CI:1.047~4.500,P=0.037)。结论  血清25(OH)D水平与DR的发生呈负相关,25(OH)D缺乏可能与T2DM患者DR的发生有关。     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者血清25-羟维生素D3的临床意义

目的 观察新诊断2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者血清25-羟维生素D3[25-hydroxy vitamin D3,25(OH)D3]水平的变化,分析血清25(OH)D3在新诊断T2DM患者中的意义.方法 通过比较118例新诊断T2DM患者与60例健康体检者血糖、血脂、胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index,HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(homeostasis model assessment islet β-cell function index,HOMA-β)及25(OH)D3等方面的差别,并分析25(OH)D3与HOMA-IR、HOMA -β的相关性.结果 T2DM组患者血糖、血脂、HOMA-IR高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),而HOMA-β、25(OH)D3低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),Pearson相关分析显示T2DM组患者血清25 (OH) D3与HOMA-IR呈负相关(r=-0.55,P均＜0.05),与HOMA-β呈正相关(r =0.63,P＜0.05).结论 新诊断T2DM患者血清25(OH)D3的缺乏与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞分泌功能下降有关.     

血清25羟维生素D3水平与2型糖尿病大血管病变的相关性研究

目的探讨血清25羟维生素D3[25(OH)D3]水平与2型糖尿病(T2DM)大血管病变(MVC)关系。方法选取T2DM患者400例,按照有无大血管病变分为单纯T2DM组216例,T2DM合并大血管病变组184例,并选取同期来本院体检的100例健康者为对照组。对每位患者进行临床资料收集,常规生化指标、血清25(OH)D3水平检测;又根据25(OH)D3水平,将糖尿病患者分为伴维生素D缺乏组与不伴维生素D缺乏组,比较两组患者的MVC发生情况。结果 400例2型糖尿病患者中184例合并大血管病变,216例仅为单纯T2DM患者,3组患者年龄、糖尿病病程、血25(OH)D3浓度组间差异均有统计学意义(均<0.05);T2DM合并大血管病变血25(OH)D3水平显著低于单纯T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(<0.05);单纯T2DM组相对健康对照组血25(OH)D3水平也明显下降,差异有统计学意义(<0.05);伴维生素D缺乏T2DM组的大血管病变发生率显著高于不伴有维生素D缺乏糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(<0.05);糖尿病病程、年龄、吸烟史、25(OH)D进入回归方程。结果显示糖尿病病程、年龄、吸烟史为糖尿病大血管的危险因素,血维生素D为保护性因素;T2DM患者血25(OH)D3水平与年龄、糖尿病病程呈负相关。结论血清25(OH)D3水平与T2DM大血管病变发生呈明显负相关,血清25(OH)D3水平降低可能增加糖尿病大血管病变的风险。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.