Assessing gross motor skills of Kosovar preschool children

In the light of the new developments in preschool education in Kosovo, this study attempts to carry out an assessment of the development of gross motor skills of preschool children attending institutional education. The emphasis is on creating a set of tests to measure the motor attainments of these children by conducting assessments of the achievements of 539 children aged 4 years ± 3 months to 6 years ± 3 months, of which 229 are girls and 310 are boys. As it had been expected, the results bespeak an increasing development of all gross motor skills, a development which is also age and growth related. In dexterity and strength, boys outperformed girls, while girls achieved more in areas of static balance and coordination. There were no statistically significant differences between boys and girls as far as dynamic balance is concerned. It has to be said that, generally, up to the age of five years, differences between genders and age groups are not significant, bearing in mind that dexterity and coordination develop after this age, while static balance skills become apparent at around four years of age.     

三种粗大运动评估方法在婴幼儿脑瘫中的应用研究

[目的]比较三种粗大运动评估方法在婴幼儿脑瘫中的应用价值. [方法]用Peabody粗大运动发育量表(Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Gross Motor,PDMS-GM)、粗大运动功能测试量表(Gross Motor Function Measure,GMFM)和儿心量表中的粗大运动能力评估三种方法分别评估63例0～3岁脑瘫儿,在(3.9±1.8)月后对其中33例进行复评.在PDMS-GM的原始分、GMFM的总百分比和儿心量表的大运动原始分三者之间进行相关分析;痉挛型脑瘫分型和PDMS粗大运动发育商(gross motor quotient,GMQ)之间进行相关分析. [结果]PDMS-GM的原始分、GMFM的总百分比和儿心量表的大运动原始分三者之间呈高度正相关(P＜0.001);痉挛型脑瘫分型与GMQ之间的相关性随着年龄增大而增加. [结论]儿心量表能够初步判断脑瘫儿童粗大运动发育水平,PDMS-GM和GMFM可以更加精确地反映脑瘫儿粗大运动水平.     

Impact of a community-based programme for motor development on gross motor skills and cognitive function in preschool children from disadvantaged settings

The aims of the studies were to assess the impact of the Little Champs programme for motor development on (1) the gross motor skills, and (2) cognitive function of children in the programme. In study 1, 118 children from one Early Childhood Development Centre (ECDC) were tested using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2, and in study 2, 83 children were tested from six ECDCs using the Herbst Early Childhood Development Criteria test. The results showed that children exposed to eight months of Little Champs had significantly better overall scores for locomotor (p < 0.005) and object control (p < 0.01) skills compared to the control group. There was a statistically significant improvement in the cognitive scores of children who participated regularly in the programme (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that even limited exposure to a low intensity programme for motor development can positively impact gross motor skills and cognitive function in disadvantaged preschoolers.     

A型肉毒毒素治疗痉挛型偏瘫脑性瘫痪儿童下肢运动障碍的临床研究

[目的]探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)注射结合康复治疗对痉挛型偏瘫脑性瘫痪儿童下肢运动障碍的临床作用. [方法]42例痉挛型偏瘫儿童(年龄39～86月)随机分为两组:BTX-A注射结合康复治疗组(BTX-A组,22例)及单纯康复治疗组(对照组,20例).于BTX-A注射前及注射后2周、2个月,同时对两组患儿评定综合痉挛量表(CSS)、粗大运动功能88项量表(GMFM)中的G、E两能区及步态参数(健侧及患侧步长、步速).所有患儿共接受为期3个月的康复治疗. [结果]BTX-A注射前两组CSS、GMFM(G、E两能区)评分及步态参数(健侧步长、患侧步长及步速)值比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05).BTX-A组注射治疗后2周、2个月时CSS评分与注射前及对照组相应时间比较差异有显著性(P<0.01或<0.05),对照组与BTX-A组相应的2个月时CSS评分与其基线评分比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)}BTX-A组注射后2个月GMFM评分、健侧步长、步速较治疗前及对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),对照组GMFM评分及步态参数治疗前后比较差异无显著性(P>0.05). [结论]BTX-A注射结合康复治疗可快速有效地缓解偏瘫儿童的患侧下肢痉挛,并改善步态,提高运动能力.     

大肌肉运动干预对孤独症儿童运动和社交能力的影响及其相关性

目的 探究大肌肉运动干预对孤独症儿童运动及社交能力的影响,并分析运动与社交能力间的相关性,为孤独症儿童社交能力的康复干预提供新思路.方法 通过微信公众号在南昌市招募23名确诊孤独症儿童,随机分为实验组(13名)和对照组(10名),实验组进行6周的大肌肉运动干预,对照组保持原有生活状态,通过大肌肉动作发展测试第3版(TG...     

引导式教育对痉挛型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能的疗效

目的探讨引导式教育对痉挛型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能的疗效。方法选取2018年4月~2019年6月我院收治的痉挛型脑瘫患儿100例,采用随机数字表法将100例痉挛型脑瘫儿童随机分为对照组(50例)与实验组(50例),对照组采用常规康复治疗,实验组在常规康复治疗的基础上结合引导式教育训练。两组患儿治疗前、后分别进行粗大运动功能量表(GMFM-88)及功能独立性评分,并观察两组患儿的生活质量评分。结果治疗后,实验组患儿的粗大运动功能评分明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患儿的功能独立性以及生活质量评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论常规康复治疗结合引导式教育训练可明显提高痉挛型脑瘫儿童粗大运动功能及功能独立性及生活质量,促进患儿的康复及整体发育水平。     

The relationship between gross motor function and participation restriction in children with cerebral palsy: an exploratory analysis

BACKGROUND: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) experience a variety of functional limitations depending on the severity of their condition that impact on their participation in day-to-day activities. METHODS: The gross motor function and participation restrictions experienced by 60 ambulant children with CP (mean age 11.04 years) were assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) and the Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire - Cerebral Palsy (LAQ-CP). RESULTS: A significant negative correlation existed between the GMFM-88 and the LAQ-CP (r = -0.52, P < 0.001). Significant relationships were also identified between the GMFM-88 and the physical independence, mobility, economic burden and social integration domains of the LAQ-CP. CONCLUSION: In ambulatory children with CP, better physical function is associated with a lesser impact of disability; however, the relationship between function and participation is complex. Measures of participation restriction may assist with goal setting appropriate to the specific needs of the child and family.     

Impact of cerebral visual impairment on the everyday life of cerebral palsied children

Summary A group of 43 patients suffering from cerebral palsy and cerebral visual impairment was compared with a group of 24 cerebral palsy patients with normal visual acuity, with regard to a functional level in daily life. Four categories were considered: communication, emotional contact, self-care and intelligence. Cerebral visual impairment-cerebral palsy patients scored significantly lower in all categories than cerebral palsy patients with normal visual acuity. In the cerebral visual impairment-cerebral palsy group, there was a higher frequency of tetraplegia compared with the group with normal acuity, but even after this predominance had been excluded, a significant difference remained. When dealing with cerebral palsy patients, occurrence of cerebral visual impairment must be taken into account. By initiating intervention programmes, one can prevent extra handicaps due to the consequences of diminished visual acuity.     

小儿脑性瘫痪类型与粗大运动功能分级的关联性调查分析

摘要:目的　调查脑瘫患儿的类型和粗大运动功能水平,探讨两者之间的关联性。方法　采用横断面调查的方法,调查成都市2～12岁脑瘫患儿的类型与粗大运动功能分级,并用χ2检验进行统计分析。结果　共调查成都市20个区县登记在册的2～12岁脑瘫患儿333例,其中,痉挛型228例、不随意运动型26例、共济失调型13例、肌张力低下型12例、混合型54 例。脑瘫粗大运动功能分级结果Ⅰ级52例、Ⅱ级97例、Ⅲ级 82例、Ⅳ级48例、Ⅴ级54例。GMFCS按轻度、中重度功能障碍分类,与脑瘫类型进行χ2检验,有统计学意义。结论　GMFCS分级与脑瘫类型有关,痉挛型双瘫、偏瘫和共济失调型脑瘫患儿常表现为轻度粗大运动功能障碍,痉挛型四肢瘫和混合型脑瘫患儿常表现为中重度粗大运动功能障碍。     

指导家长参与和强化运动训练对脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能的疗效影响

[目的]探讨指导家长参与和强化训练量对提高脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)患儿粗大运动功能的影响. [方法]按家长是否自愿接受康复培训并参加强化运动治疗分组,研究期间资料完整病例98例,其中50例参加患儿为观察组,48例未参加患儿为对照组.两组均由康复医生和康复治疗师采用综合康复治疗,功能训练主要采用Bobath法、上田法等康复技术,功能训练1次/d,每次40 min.观察组同时指导家长参与进行家庭康复训练,每天于医院治疗间期功能训练3次,每次40 min,观察时间6个月.治疗前后根据粗大运动发育量表(Gross Motor Function Measure,GMFM)-88项进行评估.[结果]患儿入组时GMFM-88项总百分比两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗6个月后,GM-FM-88项总百分比两组间比较,观察组比对照组提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).[结论]指导家长参与和强化运动训练有利于脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能的康复,是应该推广的康复模式.     

脑瘫患儿摄食和胃肠功能与粗大运动功能分级相关性

目的 探讨脑性瘫痪(脑瘫)患儿摄食技能和胃肠功能特点及其与粗大运动功能分级的关系.方法 对2010年6月至2011年10月在西安市儿童医院行康复治疗的80例脑瘫患儿及行健康体检的80例正常儿童进行摄食技能、胃肠功能调查及粗大运动功能评估,并对数据进行统计学分析.结果 脑瘫组与对照组的摄食技能障碍、胃肠功能紊乱发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为8.01、5.38,均P<0.05),其中摄食技能分比较差异有统计学意义(t=7.23,P<0.05).两组流涎、厌食、便秘发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为18.57、7.81、4.10,均P<0.05);两组平均用餐时间比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.51,P<0.05).脑瘫粗大运动功能分级轻度-中度组与重度组的流涎、厌食、便秘发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为10.20、12.00、11.10,均P<0.05),摄食技能分比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.40,P<0.05);脑瘫粗大运动功能分级轻度-中度组平均用餐时间1.8±0.39(h/d)与重度组2.5±0.52(h/d)比较差异有统计学意义(t=9.10,P<0.05).结论 脑瘫患儿临床上有显著的摄食技能障碍和胃肠功能紊乱,其影响患儿的体格发育及康复治疗的进展.