卡维地洛对抗乌头碱诱发的大鼠心律失常作用的研究

评价卡维地洛抗大鼠实验性心律失常的作用 ,探讨其抗心律失常作用的离子通道机理 ,为临床用药提供理论依据。采用乌头碱诱发大鼠心律失常模型 ;采用膜片钳技术 ,观察乌头碱、卡维地洛对急性分离的大鼠心室肌细胞钠通道电流 (INa)的影响。结果 :诱发大鼠出现室性早搏、室性心动过速、心室颤动及心脏停搏时 ,对照组及卡维地洛组所用乌头碱的量 (μg)分别为 :室性早搏 :2 1.75± 3.4 7vs 31.81± 2 .0 4 ;室性心动过速 :2 3.5 2± 4 .13vs 36 .0 6± 3.79;心室颤动 :37.6 3± 7.94vs 6 4 .13± 1.4 0 ;心脏停搏 :6 9.31± 1.85vs 84 .6 5± 5 .2 5。利用膜片钳技术观察到 :对照组INa密度为 :5 8.6 3± 11.6 5 pA/pF ;卡维地洛组加入乌头碱后以及再加入卡维地洛后的INa密度分别为73.35± 12 .80 (pA/pF) ;10 .19± 0 .0 2 (pA/pF) ,与自身加药前相比P <0 .0 5。乌头碱及卡维地洛使INaI V曲线分别向下方及向上方移位。结论 :卡维地洛具有抗乌头碱诱发的大鼠心律失常的作用 ,其抗心律失常作用机制之一可能与Ⅰ类抗心律失常药类似 ,即抑制INa。     

书籍及统计学符号的著录方法

<正>[书籍]著者(列名格式与期刊作者相同).书名.卷次:版次(如是第1版可不标出).出版者.年份:引文页码(如专著整体做为文献引用可不著录页码.或:析出文献作者.析出文献题名//专著责任者.书名.卷次:版次(如是第1版可不标出).出版地:出版者.年份:析出     

书籍及统计学符号的著录方法

<正>[书籍]著者(列名格式与期刊作者相同).书名.卷次:版次(如是第1版可不标出).出版者.年份:引文页码(如专著整体做为文献引用可不著录页码.或:析出文献作者.析出文献题名//专著责任者.书名.卷次:版次(如是第1版可不标出).出版地:出版者.年份:析出     

阿拉伯数字的用法

1.统计表中的数值,如正负整数、小数、百分比、分数、比例等,必须使用阿拉伯数字。例如:16;120;-125.06;23.90%;32%~39%;1/4;1:200。2.公历世纪、年代、年、月、日、时刻要求使用阿拉伯数字。例如:公元前3世纪;20世纪90年代;公元前440年;1997年7月1日。3.时、分、秒以阿拉伯数字表示。例如:15时40分,15:40。     

慢性萎缩性胃炎胃窦病理与内镜表现对照研究

目的探讨慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）病理学指标与内镜表现的关系。方法对46例CAG患者胃窦黏膜病理结果与内镜下各种表现、幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染情况进行对照比较分析。结果发现46例CAG患者萎缩均伴不同程度的慢性炎症,其中萎缩伴肠上皮化生32例（69．57％）,萎缩伴肠上皮化生和上皮内瘤变10例（21．74％）,与之对应镜下表现形式多种。胃镜下单红相为主（花斑样改变）表现与病理学诊断萎缩符合率60．87％（28／46）,且以轻中度萎缩为主。传统胃镜下萎缩表现与病理诊断萎缩的符合率为21．74％（10／46）,其中白相为主,血管透见或显露与病理学诊断萎缩符合率13．04％（6／46）,两种及以上胃镜下的表现共存时符合率则更低。结论用传统胃镜下萎缩的表现诊断CAG不可靠,应多作黏膜活检病理才能正确诊断。     

Atrophic gastritis is associated with increased sucrose permeability related to chronic inflammation

BACKGROUND: Different theories have been presented to explain how atrophic gastritis may lead to gastric cancer development. One contributing factor could be impaired function of the gastric mucosal barrier. The aim of this study was to investigate if there are changes in gastric mucosal permeability to sucrose in atrophic gastritis. METHODS: The study comprised 22 patients with atrophic gastritis and 21 normal controls. Gastritis was classified according to the Sydney system from endoscopic biopsies of the gastric corpus and antrum. All subjects were exposed to oral sucrose load (100 g), and the fraction of sucrose excreted in urine was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The fraction of sucrose excreted in urine after oral load was significantly increased in atrophic gastritis compared with controls (median 0.08 vs. 0.04%; p = 0.003). Sucrose excretion was positively related to the degree of chronic inflammation (median fraction excreted: mild inflammation 0.06%, moderate inflammation 0.08%, severe inflammation 0.18%; p = 0.04) rather than to the degree of atrophy in the gastric mucosa. Occurrence of intestinal metaplasia was also associated with significantly higher sucrose excretion. However, in multivariate analysis, including intestinal metaplasia, only the degree of inflammation was positively related to sucrose excretion. CONCLUSION: Atrophic gastritis is associated with increased sucrose permeability, suggesting paracellular leakage of the gastric mucosa. This leakage seems to be related to the degree of inflammation rather than the degree of atrophy. The findings may have implications for the diseases and complications associated with atrophic gastritis.     

醋酸增强内镜技术在慢性萎缩性胃炎及肠上皮化生诊断中的价值

目的探讨醋酸增强内镜技术在慢性萎缩性胃炎及肠上皮化生诊断中的应用价值。方法110例病人,先行常规内镜检查,对胃窦、胃体大小弯、胃角各摄片l张,然后用1．5％醋酸5-10ml喷洒,一分钟后冲洗观察,再次对上述各部位摄片并取活检1块,送病理检查。将患者醋酸增强内镜前、后的内镜图像分别进行阅片诊断,与病理诊断进行对照分析。结果病理诊断慢性萎缩性胃炎41例,其中醋酸增强内镜和常规内镜的诊断符合率为轻度13：16、0：16,中度12：13、4：13,重度12：12、9：12;醋酸增强内镜和常规内镜诊断慢性萎缩性胃炎的各项指标为敏感性95．65％VS31．71％、特异性94．06％VS37．68％、准确性90．24％vs31．71％、阳性预测值92．5％VS23．21％、阴性预测值92．5％VS48．15％、约登指数0．86VS-0．31;醋酸增强内镜明显优于常规内镜,P〈0．001;轻中度慢性萎缩性胃炎在醋酸增强后黏膜呈现白色粗糙不平。有点状或片状粗大颗粒状或鱼鳞样隆起改变,贴近观察可见绒毛样或脑回状胃小凹。普通内镜未能观察到黏膜病变。结论醋酸增强内镜可提高慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的诊断准确率。     

早期胃癌和进展期胃癌患者幽门螺杆菌感染与胃黏膜组织学特点的关系

背景幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染已被确认为慢性胃炎的主要病因,由慢性非萎缩性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎至肠化生,经过数十年最终可能导致胃癌发生。目的评价H.pylori感染与胃镜检查正常者、慢性胃炎、早期胃癌和进展期胃癌患者胃黏膜组织学特点的关系。方法在受检者胃窦大弯侧、胃体大弯侧和胃角处各取一块黏膜活检标本,以Giemsa染色和免疫组化染色检测H.pylori感染情况;以HE染色评价胃黏膜炎症、活动性、萎缩和肠化生情况。结果慢性胃炎、早期胃癌和进展期胃癌患者的总体H.pylori感染率均显著高于胃镜检查正常者(52.4%、52.4%和81.2%对44.9%,P<0.05),慢性胃炎与早期胃癌患者的感染率无显著差异,但均显著低于进展期胃癌患者(P<0.05)。胃镜检查正常和慢性胃炎组H.pylori感染者的胃黏膜炎症、活动性、萎缩和肠化生检出率均显著高于无感染者(P<0.05);早期胃癌和进展期胃癌组H.pylori感染者的炎症活动性检出率显著高于无感染者(P<0.05),而炎症、萎缩和肠化生检出率与无感染者无显著差异。结论由H.pylori感染引起的胃黏膜慢性炎症、萎缩和肠化生可能在胃癌的发生、发展过程中起直接或间接作用。     

幽门螺杆菌及胃粘膜肠上皮化生与CD_(44)V_6表达的关系

目的　探讨幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)感染及慢性萎缩性胃窦炎伴肠上皮化生与CD4 4V6表达程度之间的关系。方法　以单克隆抗体及免疫组化技术等方法对Hp阴性单纯慢性胃炎、Hp阴性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生、Hp阳性萎缩性胃窦炎伴肠上皮化生、胃窦腺癌的胃镜下活检组织标本进行测定分析。结果　在Hp阴性单纯性胃炎组粘膜上皮未见CD4 4V6表达 ,Hp阴性萎缩性胃窦炎伴肠上皮化生、Hp阳性萎缩性胃窦炎伴肠上皮化生、胃窦腺癌各组CD4 4V6表达程度依次逐渐升高 ,各组之间比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　CD4 4V6的表达可能是上皮细胞癌前病变出现的早期生物学信号 ,肠上皮化生细胞可能诱导CD4 4V6的表达 ,而Hp感染则有促进这种诱导表达的作用。     

Antral-type mucosa in the gastric incisura, body, and fundus (antralization): a link between Helicobacter pylori infection and intestinal metaplasia?

OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori is a carcinogen; gastric carcinoma involves a multistep process from chronic gastritis to atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. The aims of this study were to determine the types of mucosa at different gastric sites in H. pylori-infected and uninfected patients, and whether the presence of antral-type mucosa in the incisura, body, and fundus is associated with gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-eight patients with dyspepsia were enrolled. Eight biopsies (i.e., antrum x3, body x2, fundus x2, and incisura x1) were obtained. One antral biopsy was used for the CLO-test. Three (each from the antrum, body, and fundus) were cultured. The remaining biopsies were examined histologically according to the updated Sydney System after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Giemsa. A validated serological test was also applied. RESULTS: Overall, 113 (42%) patients were infected with H. pylori. At the incisura, antral-type mucosa was more prevalent in infected than in uninfected patients (84% vs. 18%; odds ratio [OR] = 23.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 12.5-45.8; p<0.001). Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia at the incisura was present in 19.5% and 13.3%, respectively, of infected, and 4.5% and 3.2%, respectively, of uninfected patients (both p<0.01). Moreover, atrophic gastritis at the incisura was associated with the presence of antral-type mucosa at the site (termed antralization); the prevalence of atrophic gastritis was 19.5% (24/123) in the presence of antralization, whereas the rate was 2.1% (3/145) without antralization (OR = 11.4, 95% CI 3.4-39.2; p<0.001). Similarly, at the incisura, 16.3% (20/123) of "antralized" cases and 1.4% (2/145) of "unantralized" cases had intestinal metaplasia (OR = 13.8, 95% CI, 3.2-60.7; p<0.001). The association between antralization at gastric body and fundus also appeared to be associated with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia at these sites. CONCLUSIONS: Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia occurs predominantly at the gastric antrum and incisura with H. pylori infection. Antralization of the gastric incisura is a common event in H. pylori-infected patients, and appears to be associated with an increased risk of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia.     

Comparison of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal histological features of gastric ulcer patients with chronic gastritis patients

AIM: To compare Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal histological features of gastric ulcer patients with chronic gastritis patients in different age groups and from different biopsy sites. METHODS: The biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, corpus and upper angulus of gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis patients. Giemsa staining, improved Toluidine-blue staining and H pylori-specific antibody immune staining were performed as appropriate for the histological diagnosis of H pylori infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for the histological diagnosis of activity of H pylori infection, mucosal inflammation, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and scored into four grades according to the Updated Sydney System. RESULTS: Total rate of H pylori infection, mucosal inflammation, activity of H pylori infection, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in 3 839 gastric ulcer patients (78.5%, 97.4%, 82.1%, 61.1% and 64.2%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in 4 102 chronic gastritis patients (55.0%, 90.3%, 56.2%, 36.8%, and 37.0%, respectively, P<0.05). The rate of H pylori colonization of chronic gastritis in <30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years and >70 years age groups in antrum was 33.3%, 41.7%, 53.6%, 57.3%, 50.7%, 43.5%, respectively; in corpus, it was 32.6%, 41.9%, 53.8%, 60.2%, 58.0%, 54.8%, respectively; in angulus, it was 32.4%, 42.1%, 51.6%, 54.5%, 49.7%, 43.5%, respectively. The rate of H pylori colonization of gastric ulcer in <30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years and >70 years age groups in antrum was 60.5%, 79.9%, 80.9%, 66.8%, 59.6%, 45.6%, respectively; in corpus, it was 59.7%, 79.6%, 83.6%, 80.1%, 70.6%, 59.1%, respectively; in angulus, it was 61.3%, 77.8%, 75.3%, 68.8%, 59.7%, 45.8%, respectively. The rate of H pylori colonization at antrum was similar to corpus and angulus in patients, below 50 years, with chronic gastritis and in patients, below 40 years, with gastric ulcer. In the other age- groups, the rate of H pylori colonization was highest in corpus, lower in antrum and lowest in angulus (all P<0.05). The rates of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were higher and earlier in H pylori-positive patients than those without H pylori infection (both P<0.01). In comparison of gastric ulcer patients with chronic gastritis patients, the rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was higher in H pylori-positive patients with gastric ulcer than in H pylori-positive patients with chronic gastritis (both P<0.01); the rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were also higher in H pylori-negative patients with gastric ulcer than in H pylori-negative patients with chronic gastritis (both P<0.01). Both glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were much more commonly identified in the angulus than in the antrum, lowest in corpus (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Rate of H pylori infection, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in gastric ulcer were higher than in chronic gastritis in all-different age -groups. Distribution of H pylori colonization is pangastric in the younger patients. It is highest in corpus, lower in antrum and lowest in angulus in the older age groups. Progression of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia seem to have a key role in the distribution of H pylori colonization. H pylori appears to be the most important risk factor for the development of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, but it is not the only risk.     

Comparison of He/icobacter py/ori infection and gastric mucosal histological features of gastric ulcer patients with chronic gastritis patients

AIM: To compare Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal histological features of gastric ulcer patients with chronic gastritis patients in different age groups and from different biopsy sites. METHODS: The biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, corpus and upper angulus of gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis patients. Giemsa staining, improved Toluidine-blue staining and H pylori-specific antibody immune staining were performed as appropriate for the histological diagnosis of H pylori infection. Hematoxylineosin staining was used for the histological diagnosis of activity of H pylori infection, mucosal inflammation, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and scored into four grades according to the Updated Sydney System. RESULTS: Total rate of H pylori infection, mucosal inflammation, activity of H pylori infection, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in 3 839 gastric ulcer patients (78.5%, 97.4%, 82.1%, 61.1% and 64.2%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in 4 102 chronic gastritis patients (55.0%, 90.3%, 56.2%, 36.8%, and 37.0%, respectively, P<0.05). The rate of H pylori colonization of chronic gastritis in <30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years and >70 years age groups in antrum was 33.3%, 41.7%, 53.6%, 57.3%, 50.7%, 43.5%, respectively; in corpus, it was 32.6%, 41.9%, 53.8%, 60.2%, 58.0%, 54.8%, respectively; in angulus, it was 32.4%, 42.1%, 51.6%, 54.5%, 49.7%, 43.5%, respectively. The rate of H pylori colonization of gastric ulcer in <30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years and >70 years age groups in antrum was 60.5%, 79.9%, 80.9%, 66.8%, 59.6%, 45.6%, respectively; in corpus, it was 59.7%, 79.6%, 83.6%, 80.1%, 70.6%, 59.1%, respectively; in angulus, it was 61.3%, 77.8%, 75.3%, 68.8%, 59.7%, 45.8%, respectively. The rate of H pylori colonization at antrum was similar to corpus and angulus in patients, below 50 years, with chronic gastritis and in patients, below 40 years, with gastric ulcer. In the other age- groups, the rate of H pylori colonization was highest in corpus, lower in antrum and lowest in angulus (all P<0.05). The rates of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were higher and earlier in H pylori-positive patients than those without H pylori infection (both P<0.01). In comparison of gastric ulcer patients with chronic gastritis patients, the rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was higher in H pylori-positive patients with gastric ulcer than in H pylori-positive patients with chronic gastritis (both P<0.01); the rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were also higher in H pylori-negative patients with gastric ulcer than in H pylori-negative patients with chronic gastritis (both P<0.01). Both glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were much more commonly identified in the angulus than in the antrum, lowest in corpus (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Rate of H pylori infection, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in gastric ulcer were higher than in chronic gastritis in all-different age -groups. Distribution of H pylori colonization is pangastric in the younger patients. It is highest in corpus, lower in antrum and lowest in angulus in the older age groups. Progression of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia seem to have a key role in the distribution of H pylori colonization. H pylori appears to be the most important risk factor for the development of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, but it is not the only risk.     

Livin和CyclinD1在慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠化黏膜中的表达及意义

目的:探讨凋亡抑制蛋白Livin和细胞周期蛋白D1(CyclinD1)在慢性萎缩性胃炎(chronicatrophicgastritis,CAG)伴肠化癌变过程中的表达及其相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学染色S-P法检测Livin和CyclinD1在30例慢性浅表性胃炎(chronicsuperficialgastritis,CSG)、35例CAG非肠化、35例CAG伴肠化、30例胃癌组织中的表达,并同时研究二者在CAG伴肠化癌变中表达的相关性.结果:在CSG、CAG非肠化、CAG伴肠化、胃癌中Livin、CyclinD1的阳性表达率分别为:0%、10%;28.57%、14.29%;45.71%、37.14%;66.67%、53.33%,二者在CAG(非肠化)和CSG对比均有统计学意义(P<0.05);CAG(伴肠化)与CAG(非肠化)相比,CyclinD1的阳性表达率有统计学意义(P<0.05);Livin和CyclinD1在CAG伴肠化、胃癌组织中表达呈正相关.结论:Livin、CyclinD1蛋白在CAG(伴肠化)和胃癌组织中表达呈上调状态,且CAG(伴肠化)和胃癌组织间无显著差异,二者表达一致,提示CAG(伴肠化)已具有癌变的分子生物学特征.二者在胃癌的发生、发展中起协同作用,对其进行联合检测将有助于胃癌的早期诊断.     

胃痞消对实验性大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的作用

[目的]探讨健脾化瘀解毒复方胃痞消对慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)模型大鼠胃黏膜上皮细胞病理改变的影响.[方法]采用致癌化学物N-甲基-N'-硝基-N亚硝基胍配合饥饱失常、耗气泻下法建立CAG脾虚模型.采用免疫组化法检测胃黏膜萎缩、肠上皮化生等病理变化.[结果]模型对照组胃黏膜萎缩、肠化生均较正常组明显增加(P＜0.01);胃痞消预防组、高、中、低剂量组较模型对照组明显降低(均P＜0.01).[结论]胃痞消防治CAG的作用机制与其通过降低胃黏膜萎缩、肠化生及两者并见出现率,逆转已发生的萎缩,从而阻止其发生癌变.