藻类污染对包头市饮用水安全影响的监测

[目的]了解黄河源水及水厂出水藻类污染状况和影响因素,探讨藻类污染对包头市饮用水水质安全性的影响.[方法]在水厂调蓄水库不同点采集水样,分析水源水中藻类的含量、分类,同时对水源水、出厂水水质进行监测.[结果]藻类高峰繁殖时间在3月,水温对藻类的繁殖起着一定的作用,水体中的营养盐对藻类繁殖也有较大的作用.[结论]藻类大量繁殖时,水厂水处理工艺在处理高藻水时受到威胁,饮用水水质易出现异味,可影响城市居民的饮用水安全.     

一起饮用水源蓝藻污染事故调查

[目的]通过对一起饮用水源蓝藻污染事故的调查处置,为治理类似藻类污染提供经验。[方法]对水库上游50 km进行溯源调查,根据水库水富营养化的程度及2个水源取水口采集的12份水样进行指标检测、藻类分类鉴定及微囊藻毒素检测。[结果]12份水样超标的有色度、浑浊度、肉眼可见物及臭和味等8个项目;氨氮超标最严重,9个水样中氨氮浓度0.68~4.62 mg/L(标准值0.5 mg/L);耗氧量浓度2.88~16.65 mg/L,有8个水样超过标准值5mg/L;鉴定出蓝藻,但未检出微囊藻毒素。[结论]这是一起因上游种、养殖排污,导致饮用水源水体富营养化,引起蓝藻繁殖的水源污染事故。     

沈阳市给水系统中藻类生长及氯对藻类的影响

藻类是生长于淡水和咸水水体中的一类低等生物。藻类的种类很多 ,其中有毒的藻类约 40多种 ,近些年来随着人们生产生活活动的发展 ,向水体中排放大量废水 ,使得水体富营养化 ,藻类大量生长 ,引起饮用水污染。本文就沈阳市区给水中藻类生长及氯对藻类的影响进行了研究。1　材料与方法1998年 10月～ 1999年 10月根据沈阳市区给水系统的分布 ,在市内五区设置 4个采样点 ,每个采样点各选 2处 ,即水源(给水厂未加氯池 ) ,及相应水源供应管网中的二次加压储水池(加氯的管网末稍水 )进行采样 ,对藻类进行分离培养及定性定量分析。2　结果与讨论2 1…     

藻类污染对太湖流域饮用水水质的影响

目的 :探讨藻类污染对太湖饮用水水质的影响。方法 :在太湖饮用水取水口附近采集水源水 ,分析水源水中藻类的含量、分类 ,同时检测水源水、自来水出厂水水质。结果 :藻类高峰繁殖时间出现在每年 4月以后 ,水温对藻类繁殖起着一定的作用 ,太湖水源水中的含磷、含氮量以及太湖的水位也对藻类繁殖起着较大的作用。结论 :藻类大量繁殖时 (大于 1.0× 10 7个 /L时 )水厂对水源水处理出现困难 ,饮用水水质易超标。     

2002年商洛市城镇生活饮用水卫生状况调查

现代工业的发展和对自然资源的过度开发对人们赖以生存的水源不可避免地产生着影响 ,汤其宁等[1] 调查研究了乌鲁木齐市 1997— 2 0 0 1年生活饮用水水质变化情况后发现 ,地面水源水检测项目的合格率呈明显下降趋势。为了解商洛市城镇生活饮用水水质卫生状况 ,以便为生活饮用水卫生质量管理提供科学依据 ,于 2 0 0 2年 5月对该市 7县 (区 )城镇生活饮用水水质卫生状况进行了调查和水质监测 ,现将调查结果分析报告如下。1　对象与方法1 1　对象　商洛市 7县 (区 )集中式供水单位的水源水、出厂水、末梢水。共采水样 31份 ,其中水源水 7份 ,出…     

一起有机磷农药污染饮用水源引起中毒事件的调查与处理

[目的]查明饮用水中毒事件的原因，为防止类似事件发生提供依据。[方法]对事件进行流行病学调查、实验室检测和临床资料分析。[结果]75名村民误食被农药污染水源，11名村民出现不同程度的中毒症状。水质检测结果：丙溴磷含量为0．0006-0．035mg／L，对硫磷含量为0．0012-0．12mg／L。[结论]本次是一起由有机磷农药污染饮用水水源的饮用水中毒事件。     

饮用水源水中微囊藻毒素与蓝藻相关性研究

[目的]了解S市饮用水源中微囊藻毒素与浮游藻类的污染状况,并初步探讨微囊藻毒素 LR浓度与蓝藻细胞密度之间的关系。[方法]对S市饮用水源中微囊藻毒素及浮游藻类进行了为期1年的动态监测。[结果]藻细胞密度和藻毒素浓度呈现出明显的季节波动,在夏秋初季节形成污染高峰,最大值分别达到8.78×10 6个/L和2 .3 8μg/L ;而藻类种属构成比也有一定的季节性差异,含较多产毒藻种的蓝藻类在夏秋季节比例最高,而硅藻则在冬春季节达到最大密度;另一方面,水源中微囊藻毒素 LR的浓度与蓝藻细胞密度成正相关关系。[结论]有必要加强城市供水系统中藻类(特别是蓝藻)及其毒素污染的监测,而以饮用水源中蓝藻细胞密度作为一个预警指标是一个切实可行的方法.     

某部队训练基地水源卫生状况调查

[目的 ]了解水源卫生状况 ,保护参训官兵的身体健康。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 4年 7月对济南军区某部参加演习预定进驻地域内的 2 2处饮用水源进行卫生现状调查。 [结果 ] 15眼水井井深 5～ 10m ,无防护设施 ;3个渗水池在河心取水 ;2处民用自来水井深 2 0 0～ 3 0 0m ,只有 1处有加氯消毒设施 ;2条小河从村边流过 ,污染严重。 2 2处水源水样无 1处理化指标与卫生细菌学指标全部合格 ,部分合格的 15处 ,全部不合格的 7处 ,细菌总数与粪大肠菌群全都超标。 [结论 ]水源污染严重 ,水质差 ,应加强卫生防护 ,采取相应的水处理措施。     

台风后农村生活饮用水监测分析

[目的]探索台风后饮用水消毒方法和消毒效果。[方法]对台风后受淹水源的饮用水用漂白粉、漂白粉精片进行消毒,按《生活饮用水水质卫生规范》和《全国生活饮用水质卫生标准》进行检测和评价。[结果]495个点饮用水经消毒后有效氯含量合格率为94.9%;161个点进行细菌学监测,合格率为94.4%,消毒后细菌学指标合格率高于消毒前(2=54.18,P<0.01);台风后2个月仙居县传染病总发病率和肠道传染病发病率(78.92/10万和46.32/10万),未超过去年同期发病率(83.75/10万和53.31/10万)水平。[结论]台风后饮用水源受到严重污染时如何及时做好清理和消毒对保证饮用水卫生和安全非常重要,是控制灾后肠道传染病发病的主要措施之一。     

丽水市莲都区农村饮用水卫生检测结果

农村的水体卫生质量主要受生活污染及农业生产污染的影响。为了解莲都区农村饮用水的卫生质量状况 ,并为制定改水和水质管理方案提供科学依据 ,随机对莲都区农村日常生活饮用水的自备井水和以山泉水、地下水为水源的自来水进行部分理化指标检测 ,现将结果报告如下。对象与方法1　对象　莲都区共 5个镇 18个乡 ,抽检了其中 10个乡 ,每个乡抽检 11个采样点 ,共得水样 110份。2　方法　按ＧＢ5 75 0— 85《生活饮用水标准检验方法》[1 ] 对色度、混浊度、ｐＨ值、总硬度、氯化物、铁、锰、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、氟化物 10个指标进行检测 ,按ＧＢ5 …     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.