妇女乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识、态度、行为的相关性研究

[目的]了解上海市妇女乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识、态度和行为现状以及三者的关系。[方法]采用乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识问卷、乳腺自我检查态度问卷和早期筛查行为调查问卷对上海市739名妇女进行调查。[结果]妇女对于乳腺癌的临床表现和早期筛查方法的知晓率较高,但对于乳腺癌的高危因素不了解;对自我检查的态度评分为3.13分±0.50分,态度较积极;有70.1%的人曾做过乳腺自我检查,但每月做1次的只有3.9%,分别有51.2%和6.5%的人曾做过乳腺临床检查和乳腺X线摄片,但只有11.0%和5.5%的人是1年做1次。乳腺癌及其早期筛查的知识与乳腺自我检查的态度及早期筛查的3种行为之间呈正相关（r分别为0.262、0.072、0.090、0.120）,对于乳腺自我检查的态度也与早期筛查的3种行为呈正相关（r分别为0.272、0.169、0.188）。[结论]护理人员要重视提高妇女对于乳腺癌的认知,帮助她们树立积极的态度,从而改善早期筛查率低的现状。     

妇女乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识、态度、行为的相关性研究

[目的]了解上海市妇女乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识、态度和行为现状以及三者的关系。[方法]采用乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识问卷、乳腺自我检查态度问卷和早期筛查行为调查问卷对上海市739名妇女进行调查。[结果]妇女对于乳腺癌的临床表现和早期筛查方法的知晓率较高,但对于乳腺癌的高危因素不了解;对自我检查的态度评分为3.13分±0.50分,态度较积极;有70.1%的人曾做过乳腺自我检查,但每月做1次的只有3.9%,分别有51.2%和6.5%的人曾做过乳腺临床检查和乳腺X线摄片,但只有11.0%和5.5%的人是1年做1次。乳腺癌及其早期筛查的知识与乳腺自我检查的态度及早期筛查的3种行为之间呈正相关(r分别为0.262、0.072、0.090、0.120),对于乳腺自我检查的态度也与早期筛查的3种行为呈正相关(r分别为0.272、0.169、0.188)。[结论]护理人员要重视提高妇女对于乳腺癌的认知,帮助她们树立积极的态度,从而改善早期筛查率低的现状。     

城乡妇女乳腺癌早期检测知识的调查研究

[目的]了解乳腺癌病人疾病发现方式及乳房自查知识掌握情况,为护理人员提供正确的健康教育方式。[方法]分别对60例农村和城市乳腺癌病人进行问卷调查。[结果]农村妇女乳腺癌发现途径侧重于自我无意发现肿块占83.33%,10.00%是由于有自觉症状、疼痛、乳头溢液等,肿瘤多为Ⅱa期、Ⅱb期、缺乏掌握乳腺自我检查的知识。城市妇女自我无意发现肿块途径占56.67%,体检和自查发现肿块各占20.00%。肿瘤多为Ⅰ期、Ⅱa期。不能完全掌握乳腺自我检查的知识和技巧。[结论]医护人员应根据不同人群提供乳腺癌早期检测的知识和技能,建立符合我国国情的乳腺癌的早期检测方案。     

Promoting screening and early detection of cancer in men

Abstract Gender is a factor in the risk assessment for many diseases. It may also impact on the way in which men assess their personal health or illness status and take action to prevent illness or promote well-being. This paper is focused on three objectives: (i) to foster an understanding of gender differences in health promoting behaviors; (ii) to review three health issues affecting males for which dissemination of health education, increased personal awareness and early detection may be beneficial in the reduction of morbidity and mortality; and (iii) to offer suggestions for nurses and other health care professionals to promote positive patient–provider interactions within a health-care framework for action.     

A technology‐based information and coaching/support program and self‐efficacy of Asian American breast cancer survivors

Women's self‐efficacy for coping with breast cancer is one of the key factors that lead to successful breast cancer survivorship. Due to the cultural stigma linked to breast cancer (e.g., breast cancer is a genetic disease), Asian Americans are known as a high‐risk group within breast cancer survivors. However, healthcare providers are challenged to promote women's self‐efficacy while considering their cultural beliefs and attitudes. In this study, the efficacy of a technology‐based information and coaching/support program was examined in improving self‐efficacy for coping with breast cancer among Asian American survivors. A randomized repeated measures control group study was conducted with 67 Asian American breast cancer survivors. The questions on background characteristics, the Personal Resource Questionnaire, the Perceived Isolation Scale, the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form 34, and the Cancer Behavior Inventory were used. The data were analyzed using repeated measurement analyses, χ² tests, and decision tree analyses. There were significant increases in the self‐efficacy scores of both control and intervention groups over time (p = .017). However, the increase in the control group's self‐efficacy scores was only up to post 1 month, and there was a decrease in the scores by post 3 months. When the participants were divided into high and low‐change groups based on the changes in their self‐efficacy scores for 3 months, the intervention group had more participants who belonged to the high‐change group (p = .036). The technology‐based intervention was effective in improving self‐efficacy for coping with breast cancer among Asian American breast cancer survivors.     

Florida nurse practitioners' attitudes and practices regarding oral cancer prevention and early detection

PURPOSE: To examine Florida nurse practitioners' (NPs') attitudes and practices regarding oral cancer prevention and early detection. DATA SOURCE: A statewide mail survey was conducted among Florida NPs who provided primary care. The questionnaire was adapted from an existing survey instrument used to measure NPs' knowledge, attitudes, and practices about oral cancer prevention and early detection. A total of 448 Florida NPs (33% response rate) completed the survey. CONCLUSIONS: Florida NPs reportedly were not well prepared for oral cancer prevention and early detection. Although most NPs realized the importance of annual oral cancer screening for high-risk populations and held positive attitudes toward the benefit of early detection, only 39.3% of respondents thought his or her knowledge about oral cancer was current and more than half had never provided oral cancer examinations. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Florida has among the nation's highest oral cancer rates, but persons at highest risk are among those least likely to see a dentist. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach involving all relevant healthcare providers, including NPs, may be more effective than relying only on dentists' efforts in improving survival rates for oral cancer. Strategies are needed to increase the involvement of Florida's NPs in oral cancer detection.     

Using a community-based outreach program to improve breast health awareness among women in Hong Kong

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based health education program via a mobile van to promote the awareness of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) practice among women in Hong Kong. DESIGN: One group pretest/posttest design. SAMPLE AND MEASUREMENTS: Seven hundred and seventy-seven women in Hong Kong completed a self-administered questionnaire before and after a breast health education program from May 2002 to March 2003. RESULTS: About half were aware of breast health and breast diseases (53.7%) and breast screening methods (48.6%) before the intervention. It was found that women who had received instruction on BSE practice, and those who were aware of breast screening methods, breast health, and breast diseases were more likely to have had prior BSE practice. Most indicated their willingness to practice BSE regularly (93.3%) and to pass on the BSE knowledge to their relatives and friends (92%) in the posttest. CONCLUSIONS: The outreach health education program has successfully reached women living in the 18 districts in Hong Kong. It appears to be useful in raising the awareness of breast health and BSE practice among the women, but longer term follow-up is required to ascertain its sustainability.     

A Pap test screening clinic in a South Asian community of Vancouver, British Columbia: challenges to maintaining utilization

The purpose of this article is to describe experiences and challenges in establishing a South Asian Pap Test Clinic. The specialized Pap test clinic for immigrant South Asian women was a community-initiated response to high rates of cervical cancer within this population. Efforts were made to ensure that the clinic provided health services in a sensitive and culturally appropriate manner. Although women were generally positive about their experiences at the South Asian Pap Test Clinic and often encouraged other women to attend the clinic for Pap testing, attendance patterns have not been maintained. The three most significant challenges to the clinic's ongoing success were: (1) maintaining the continued involvement of stakeholders in developing long-term strategies to enhance community awareness about cervical cancer; (2) creating mechanisms to strengthen support from physicians in the community; and (3) meeting the needs of the underserved within a specialized health service for South Asian immigrant women. These challenges provide important lessons for others to increase the participation of immigrant women in screening practices. Nurses can play a key role in mobilizing and maintaining collaborations that are essential to the continuing success of community-based programs.     

Intervention to enhance empowerment in breast cancer self-help groups

STANG I and MITTELMARK MB. Nursing Inquiry 2010; 17 : 47–57
Intervention to enhance empowerment in breast cancer self-help groups
As arduous psychological reactions and loss of control almost inevitably represent a challenge for women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer, a participatory intervention study was initiated that aimed to enhance empowerment in breast cancer self-help groups. Women newly diagnosed with breast cancer were invited to participate. The intervention encompassed three professionally led self-help groups running sequentially, each group for approximately 4 months. Each group of five to seven participants met weekly. Several empowerment strategies were initiated by two professional facilitators, aiming to promote empowerment processes and to manage stress. The participants experienced group participation as both empowering and as a valuable source of support, and although the group processes developed very differently, a strong sense of fellowship developed in all three groups. The discussion highlights the findings in relation to several theoretical perspectives including social capital, social cohesion, risky agreements, helper-therapy and power/empowerment. We conclude that empowerment strategies that are implemented in professionally led breast cancer self-help groups can contribute to participant empowerment and function as an important source of re-discovery and confirmation of the participants' strengths and abilities.     

Information needs of women during early treatment for breast cancer

This study assessed the information needs of 70 women with breast cancer being treated by surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Information needs were measured by the breast cancer version of the Toronto Informational Needs Questionnaire (TINQ-BC). All women had high information needs, irrespective of type of treatment received. They mainly wanted information about their disease, treatments and investigative tests. An examination of individual items on the TINQ-BC revealed that all women wanted information about recurrence, specifically they wanted to know if the cancer would come back and how to tell if it had recurred. The results provide nurses with some direction as to what information to give women receiving early treatment for breast cancer.     

Breast self-examination and breast awareness: a literature review

Aim. To explore the literature on breast self‐examination and breast awareness. Objectives. To clarify the confusion surrounding breast awareness and breast self‐examination. To critique the evidence for breast awareness as a health promotion tool. Background. Over 41 000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year in the United Kingdom. Compared with other European countries, women in England have poor survival prospects, for breast cancer, due in part to advanced disease at first presentation. In the United Kingdom, women are encouraged to be breast aware from the age of 18. However, the evidence suggests that women do not engage in breast awareness and are frightened and confused about their role in breast health promotion. Methodology. Four databases were used: Medline, Ebsco including CINAHL and Sociological Abstracts and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The search terms ‘breast awareness’ and ‘breast self‐examination’ were used and combined with ‘breast cancer’, ‘breast screening’ and ‘health promotion’. Conclusion. The evidence on breast self‐examination is clear, there is no benefit to breast cancer mortality and results suggest that breast self‐examination may do more harm than good. Breast awareness provides women with some acknowledgement of the part they can play in being empowered to fight breast disease, not in terms of statistics used for mortality but on the qualitative effects of reductions in morbidity. Relevance to clinical practice. The Royal College of Nursing of The United Kingdom is actively encouraging all nurses to promote breast awareness along with clear guidelines for doing so. The United Kingdom National Health Service Cancer Plan: a plan for investment, a plan for reform, encourages preventive care, information giving, good communication as well as evidence‐based practice. In breast care this can reduce confusion for women and encourage empowerment in breast health promotion.     

乳腺癌病人围术期健康教育需求调查

[目的]了解乳腺癌病人对健康教育的需求并分析其原因。[方法]采用自行设计的调查表对105例乳腺癌病人入院时、围术期、出院前健康教育需求情况进行调查。[结果]乳腺癌病人在入院时最希望了解自己目前病情及其治疗方案;围术期最关心的是手术名称及术后不适的原因及处理方法;出院前最关心的是费用情况及各项收费标准及出院指导用药;最受欢迎的健康教育方式是发放宣传册等。[结论]病人对围术期健康教育有强烈的需求,现有健康教育模式应不断改进,以满足不同病人的健康需要。     

循证护理在乳腺癌术后早期功能锻炼中的应用效果观察

目的探讨循证护理在乳腺癌术后早期功能锻炼中的应用效果。方法选取本院收治的乳腺癌术后患者67例,随机分为对照组33例和观察组34例,对照组患者予以常规护理,观察组患者实施循证护理,观察2组患者的护理效果,进行临床对照性分析。结果观察组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组护理满意度显著高于对照组(P0.05);2组患者护理前生活质量评分无显著差异,术后1年观察组患者生活质量评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论循证护理在乳腺癌术后早期功能锻炼中的应用效果突出,值得推广。     

肿瘤整形保乳术在早期乳腺癌患者中的应用效果

目的探讨肿瘤整形保乳术在早期乳腺癌患者中的应用效果,为临床医师选择合理治疗方案提供参考。方法选择2017年1月至2019年6月于宝鸡市中心医院接受治疗的128例早期乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,依据患者意愿将其分成对照组和研究组,每组64例。对照组采用常规保乳手术,研究组采用肿瘤整形保乳术。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、满意度、住院时间、治疗前、后的生活质量、SAS、SDS评分、并发症发生情况以及美容效果。结果研究组患者的手术时间长于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,满意度评分高于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的生活质量、SAS、SDS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的生活质量均升高,SAS、SDS评分均降低,且研究组优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者的并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者的美容效果优良率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肿瘤整形保乳术治疗早期乳腺癌患者能有效改善患者手术指标,提升治疗效果,对于改善患者的生活质量以及心理健康具有十分重要的临床意义,同时该手术方法有效地提升了患者乳房美观度,提高患者的满意度,降低了并发症发生率,缩短了患者的住院时间,值得临床应用推广。     

农村适龄妇女乳腺癌筛查行为的调查分析

[目的]了解农村适龄妇女乳腺癌筛查行为。[方法]采用自行设计的《农村适龄妇女乳腺癌筛查行为调查问卷》对1013名河南省农村适龄妇女进行乳腺癌筛查行为调查。[结果]河南省农村妇女乳腺癌筛查率仅为33.6%,年龄、经济水平及医疗保障享有状况等对筛查行为均具有显著影响;筛查意识好者筛查行为发生率33.2%;曾接受乳腺癌筛查服务者相关知识得分高于未曾接受筛查者。[结论]河南省农村妇女乳腺癌预防行为采用率低,应提高适龄妇女乳腺癌筛查意识并加强相关知识宣传,可能会对其乳腺癌筛查行为产生良好的促进作用。     

健康教育对社区妇女乳腺癌筛查行为及相关知识的影响

目的:探讨健康教育对社区妇女乳腺癌筛查行为以及相关知识的影响。方法:此次临床研究主要抽取我社区180名妇女为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和试验组各90名,对照组采用常规干预,试验组在常规干预的基础上增加健康教育。比较两组妇女健康知识知晓情况以及妇女乳腺癌筛查行为。结果:试验组妇女的健康知识知晓情况以及乳腺癌筛查行为均高于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:健康教育对社区妇女乳腺癌筛查行为以及相关知识知晓度具有促进效果,值得推广和普及。