镉对小鼠睾丸间质细胞睾酮合成的影响

目的 探讨镉对小鼠睾丸间质细胞睾酮合成的影响.方法 镉处理组采用20 μmol/L CdCl2处理TM3细胞,分别在加入CdCl2 4 h和8 h后收集细胞上清液,对照组TM3细胞给予等容积磷酸盐缓冲液(DPBS).采用ELISA法测定细胞上清液中睾酮含量,采用RT-PCR和Western blot技术检测睾酮合成关键酶mRNA和蛋白表达水平.结果 镉处理组细胞上清液中睾酮含量明显降低(P＜0. 01).与对照组相比,镉显著下调TM3细胞类固醇激素合成急性调控蛋白(StAR)、细胞色素P450胆固醇侧链裂解酶(P450scc)与 17β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(17β-HSD) mRNA表达(P＜0.01),镉处理组TM3细胞StAR、P450SCC、细胞色素P45017α-羟化酶(P45017α)、3β-HSD与17β-HSD的蛋白表达水平也明显降低,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05,P＜0.01).结论 镉抑制小鼠睾丸间质细胞睾酮的分泌,其原因可能与镉抑制间质细胞部分睾酮合成关键酶mRNA和蛋白表达水平有关.     

膜联蛋白5对大鼠睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌及3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶表达的影响

目的先前研究发现促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)刺激Leydig细胞后,膜联蛋白5(annexin 5)及睾酮水平同时增加,推测annexin 5和睾酮之间可能存在某种内在的联系,3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD)是间质细胞的标记酶。文中旨在研究annexin 5对大鼠睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌及3β-HSD表达的影响。方法原代培养大鼠睾丸间质细胞,用不同浓度的annexin 5(0、10-10、10-9、10-8mol/L)处理间质细胞24h和用10-9mol/L的annexin 5处理细胞不同时间(6、12、24、36h),收集培养液,用化学发光法测定培养液中的睾酮含量;Western blotting方法分析睾丸间质细胞中3β-HSD的表达变化。结果不同浓度的annexin 5处理间质细胞24h后,与对照组比较,终浓度为10-10mol/L和10-9mol/L时,睾酮水平分别升高了18%[(14.38±0.30)nmol/Lvs(12.12±0.74)nmol/L](P<0.01)和26%[(15.25±0.47)nmol/Lvs(12.12±0...     

膜联蛋白5对雄性SD大鼠睾酮合成相关蛋白和酶表达的影响

目的 研究注射膜联蛋白5后雄性SD大鼠睾丸类固醇急性调节蛋白(Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein,StAR)、胆固醇侧链裂解酶(P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme,P450scc)和3β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,3β-HSD)表达的改变,初步探讨膜联蛋白5影响睾酮分泌的机制.方法 将20只SD大鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组又分为7.5μg/kg组、15μg/kg组和30μg/kg组,每组5只.对照组大鼠腹腔注射等量的pH 8.0Tris-HCl,实验组腹腔注射不同剂量的膜联蛋白5,1次/d,连续20d.用RT-PCR方法分别检测对照组和各实验组SD大鼠睾丸组织中睾酮合成相关的StAR、P450scc和3β-HSD mRNA的表达变化,并用Western blot方法检测以上3种物质蛋白质水平的变化.结果 与对照组相比,在mRNA水平上,7.5μg/kg组和15μg/kg组大鼠睾丸组织P450scc mRNA表达分别增加了25.9%[(0.68±0.04) vs (0.54±0.03),P<0.01]和27.8%[(0.69±0.04) vs (0.54±0.03),P<0.01];3β-HSD mRNA表达分别升高了32.9%[(1.05±0.07) vs (0.79±0.10),P<0.01]和53.2%[(1.21±0.07) vs (0.79±0.10),P<0.01];而30μg/kg组表达差异无统计学意义;在蛋白水平上,15μg/kg组大鼠睾丸组织P450scc蛋白表达提高了34.2%[(0.37±0.04) vs (0.28±0.02),P<0.01],7.5μg/kg组和15μg/kg组的3β-HSD表达也分别增加了14.7%[(1.53±0.10) vs (1.34±0.05),P<0.01]和24.4%[(1.67±0.14) vs (1.34±0.05),P<0.01];而StAR的表达无论在转录水平还是在蛋白水平上,较对照组差异均无统计学意义.结论 膜联蛋白5可通过调节P450scc与3β-HSD的表达来调节睾酮合成.     

促性腺激素释放激素激动剂对大鼠睾丸间质细胞annexin 5和3β-HSD的表达影响

目的：探讨阿拉瑞林（GnRHa）对大鼠睾丸间质细胞中膜联蛋白V（annexin5）和3β-羟类固醇脱氢酶（3β-HSD）的表达的影响。方法：建立体外分离、纯化和培养大鼠睾丸间质细胞原代培养技术,采用3β-HSD免疫细胞化学方法对间质细胞进行鉴定,同时用不同终浓度的GnRHa（分别为1×10^,1×10^-6,1×10^-1moL／L）作用于间质细胞24h后,通过Western Blot检测间质细胞中annexig 5和3β-HSD的表达变化情况．结果：间质细胞经GnRHa处理后,Western Blot结果显示,与对照组相比,当GnRHa终浓度为1×10^-5 moL／L时,anenxin5的表达量显著升高了69．2％（P〈0．01）,3B—HSD的表达量也升高了25．2％（P〈0．05）;当GnRHa的终浓度为1×10^-6mol／L和1×10mol／L时,anenxin5的表达量分别升高了61．5％（P〈0．05）和16．64％（P〉0．05）,3β-HSD的表达量则无显著性变化,分别升高了7．7％（P〉0．05）和2．22％（P〉0．05）．结论：GnRHa在原代培养的睾丸问质细胞中,对annexin5,3β-HSD的表达具有调节作用。     

己烯雌酚诱导的氧化应激对青春期大鼠睾丸类固醇合成的影响

目的己烯雌酚(diethylstilbestrol,DES)可以导致睾丸氧化损伤,而氧化损伤则可能是导致类固醇合成障碍的作用机制之一。本文探讨DES导致睾丸氧化损伤与睾酮合成途径的关系及可能的机制。方法 24只健康4周龄雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为4组,即对照组(玉米油)和DES染毒组(0.1、1.0、10.0μg/kg),每组6只,皮下注射每日1次,连续染毒8周。染毒结束后称量动物体重及雄性生殖器官和附属生殖器官(睾丸、附睾、前列腺)的重量,用生化方法检测睾丸匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧自由基(ROS)的含量,抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)的活性变化以及类固醇合成酶3β羟类固醇脱氢酶1(3β-HSD1)、17β羟类固醇脱氢酶3(17β-HSD3)的活性,用放射免疫法测定外周血中睾酮、促黄体生成素(LH)的水平,用RT-PCR检测固醇激素急性调节蛋白(StAR)、P450胆固醇侧链裂解酶(P450scc)、3β羟类固醇脱氢酶1(3β-HSD1)、17β羟类固醇脱氢酶3(17β-HSD3)mRNA水平的表达变化。结果 10.0μg/kg组睾丸、前列腺重量以及脏器系数明显减少,MDA和ROS的氧化程度明显升高,SOD、CAT、GPx的活性降低,3β-HSD1、17β-HSD3的活性分别降低;血清睾酮降低,1.0μg/kg组LH降低,整个染毒区间呈现剂量效应关系;10.0μg/kg组StAR、P450scc、3β-HSD1、17β-HSD3 mRNA表达减少,1.0μg/kg组StAR、3β-HSD1依然减少。结论 DES暴露干扰了大鼠睾丸氧化/抗氧化平衡,同时导致包括睾酮水平降低在内的雄性生殖危害。DES导致GPx、CAT酶活力降低,抑制睾丸类固醇合成途径中P450scc,3β-HSD1 mRNA的表达水平,以及3β-HSD1活性降低导致睾酮减少。推测该途径可能是DES干扰类固醇合成的毒性作用机制之一。     

ES细胞体外定向分化为睾丸间质样细胞模型的建立

目的:建立小鼠胚胎干(embryonic stem,ES)细胞体外分化为睾丸间质样细胞(leydig-like cells)的模型。方法:采用脂质体转染方法将含类固醇生成因子1(steroidogenic factor 1,SF-1)基因片断的质粒转入小鼠ES-D3细胞,并在RA和8Br-cAMP作用下,体外诱导ES-D3细胞分化为睾丸间质样细胞,以空质粒转染组做阴性对照;通过光镜观察转染SF-1的ES-D3细胞定向分化为睾丸间质样细胞过程中的形态变化;用RT-PCR及Western Blot法检测分化过程中类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白(StAR),胆固醇侧链裂解酶P450scc(CYP11A1)和3β-羟甾脱氢酶1(3β-HSD1)表达情况;免疫荧光法检测睾丸间质样细胞特异性蛋白P450scc及3β-HSD1表达。结果:ES-D3细胞转染SF-1质粒24 h,即检测到SF-1基因表达。转染成功的ES-D3细胞在RA和8Br-cAMP诱导分化48 h后出现睾丸间质样细胞。分化而来的睾丸间质样细胞胞体大而圆润,长有触角,呈纺锤形;且表达睾丸间质样细胞特异性蛋白P450scc和3β-HSD1,同时StAR表达显著增加,而对照组细胞未表达睾丸间质样细胞特异性标志物StAR、P450scc和3β-HSD1。结论:通过对ES-D3细胞转染SF-1质粒并予以RA和8Br-cAMP诱导,成功建立ES-D3细胞定向分化为睾丸间质样细胞模型。     

促性腺激素释放激素类似物对大鼠睾丸间质细胞膜联蛋白5和3β-羟类固醇脱氢酶mRNA表达的影响

目的:观察促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)类似物对大鼠睾丸间质细胞annexin 5和3β-HSD mRNA表达的影响. 方法:原代培养大鼠睾丸间质细胞48h后,分别用不同终浓度的GnRH激动剂(GnRH-agonist, GnRHa)(10-5mol/L、10-6 mol/L、10-7 mol/L)和GnRH 拮抗剂(GnRH-antagonists, GnRHant)(10-6 mol/L、10-7 mol/L、10-8 mol/L)处理细胞,提取细胞总RNA,反转录,设计特异性引物和Tagman探针,荧光定量PCR检测膜联蛋白5(annexin 5)和3β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD) mRNA表达的改变. 结果:荧光定量PCR结果显示,与未加GnRH类似物的对照组相比,当GnRHa的终浓度为10-5mol/L、10-6mol/L时,实验组大鼠睾丸间质细胞annexin 5 mRNA 分别升高了38.89%和35.29%,均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);当GnRHa的浓度为10-5mol/L时,3β-HSD mRNA也显著升高了46.43%(P<0.01).同样,与对照组相比,当GnRHant的浓度为10-6mol/L时,实验组大鼠睾丸间质细胞annexin 5 mRNA下降了45.45% (p<0.05),当GnRHant的浓度为10-6mol/L,10-7mol/L时,实验组大鼠睾丸间质细胞3β-HSD mRNA也分别显著地降低了63.64%(P<0.01)和50%(P<0.05),其余各组与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义. 结论:GnRH类似物能够调控大鼠睾丸间质细胞annexin5和3β-HSD mRNA表达,GnRH类似物可能与睾丸间质细胞上GnRH受体结合后,通过特定的生理机制,进而影响annexin5和3β-HSD mRNA表达,为揭示GnRH类似物调控间质细胞分泌睾酮的作用机制提供了一定的依据,其内在的机制还有待进一步研究.     

老年人睾丸间质细胞结构及StAR和P450scc蛋白表达的变化

目的：观察老年人睾丸间质细胞结构以及类固醇激素合成快速调节蛋白（steroidogenic acute regulatory protein,StAR）和胆固醇侧链裂解酶（cholesterol-side-chain cleavage enzyme,P450scc）蛋白表达的变化,以探讨迟发性性腺功能减退症的机制。方法：青年人（20~30岁）及老年人（70~90岁）睾丸标本各10例,对患者进行AMS(Aging Male’s Symptoms)评分。应用HE染色观察睾丸组织形态学变化,电子显微镜观察睾丸间质细胞的超微结构改变,Western blot法比较青年组和老年组睾丸组织中StAR和P450scc蛋白表达水平的差异,并用ELISA法检测其血清总睾酮水平的差异。结果：老年组AMS评分显著高于青年组（61.25±7.08 vs. 20.75±3.73,P<0.001）,且血清总睾酮水平显著低于青年组（3.12±0.58 μg/L vs. 6.29±1.17 μg/L,P<0.05）。HE染色显示,老年人睾丸呈老年退行性改变,电子显微镜下观察到老年睾丸间质细胞线粒体肿胀,线粒体嵴消失。睾丸组织中StAR和P450scc蛋白表达水平显著低于青年组（P<0.05）。结论：老年人睾丸间质细胞结构、线粒体的损伤,以及StAR和P450scc蛋白表达水平的下降等病理变化均与老年人迟发性性腺功能减退症症状和血清总睾酮水平变化密切相关,其确切机制有待深入研究。     

衰老对雄性大鼠睾丸类固醇合成功能的影响

目的:研究老年SD大鼠睾丸类固醇急性调节蛋白(StAR)、17β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(17β-HSD)和芳香化酶(P450arom)的变化,探讨衰老对睾丸类固醇合成的影响.方法:用人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)连续刺激青年和老年雄性SD大鼠,测定基础状态和hCG刺激后血清睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)水平,睾丸StAR mRNA、17β-HSDⅢ和P450arom mRNA的表达.结果:(1)基础状态和hCG刺激后,老年SD大鼠血清T水平、17β-HSDⅢmRNA的表达显著低于青年大鼠(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).老年SD大鼠StAR mRNA表达降低不明显.(2)老年大鼠血清E2/T水平升高(P＜0.01),但睾丸P450acrom mRNA表达没有明显变化.结论:衰老雄性大鼠睾丸17β-HSDⅢ的降低可能是睾酮合成减少的主要影响因素.     

大鼠睾丸间质细胞中促性腺激素释放激素激动剂调控睾酮合成的机制

目的:研究促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)激动剂(GnRHa)对大鼠睾丸间质细胞睾酮合成的调控机制?方法:原代培养大鼠睾丸间质细胞,GnRHa (10-7 mol/L)分别处理间质细胞6?12?24?36?48 h后,Western blot方法分析3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD)蛋白的变化;MEK1/2抑制剂PD98059 (50 μmol/L) 和GnRHa共作用于间质细胞后,分析3β-HSD蛋白表达和睾酮水平的变化?结果:GnRHa处理间质细胞不同时间后,结果显示3β-HSD蛋白的表达对GnRHa的刺激具有时间依赖性?GnRHa处理12 h后,3β-HSD蛋白表达与对照组相比显著上升45% (P < 0.05),24 h达到最高水平,升高1.0倍(P < 0.05);48 h后3β-HSD恢复至正常水平?加入PD98059后,显著抑制了GnRHa对3β-HSD的刺激作用,3β-HSD水平下降了61% (与GnRHa组相比,P < 0.05),睾酮水平也随之显著下降45% (与GnRHa组相比,P < 0.05)?结论:GnRHa可能通过细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)途径调控大鼠睾丸间质细胞3β-HSD的表达,进而促进睾酮的合成?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.