0.25%罗比卡因在小儿骶管阻滞应用效果探讨

目的 :评价 0 2 5 %罗比卡因应用于小儿骶管阻滞的安全性和有效性。方法 :80例 1～ 8岁 ,行下肢、会阴手术患儿随机分为两组 :罗比卡因组 (R组 ,n =4 0 )和布比卡因组 (B组 ,n =4 0 )。两组均在基础麻醉后行骶管阻滞 ,分别注入 0 2 5 %罗比卡因 (R组 )和 0 2 5 %布比卡因 (B组 ) 0 8ml kg。测定骶管阻滞的起效时间和镇痛时间 ,记录HR、MAP和SpO2 及追加镇痛药 ,并观察出现的副反应。结果 :各组术中均无须追加镇痛药 ,麻醉效果满意。R组与B组的起效时间 (7 6± 2 3minvs 8 2±2 6min)和镇痛时间 (32 2± 4 7minvs 2 98± 6 5min)相比较 ,均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。未观察到局麻药的毒性反应。结论 :0 2 5 %罗比卡因 (0 8ml kg)可提供满意的小儿骶管阻滞麻醉 ;同浓度、同剂量的罗比卡因和布比卡因用于小儿骶管阻滞 ,具有相似的作用     

0.25%左旋布比卡因在小儿骶管阻滞应用体会

目的了解0.25%左旋布比卡因在小儿麻醉中的有效性和安全性。方法观察1岁～8岁患儿40例,分别行会阴部及下肢手术,采用氯胺酮基础麻醉加骶管阻滞,A组20例,0.25%左旋布比卡因;B组20例,0.25%布比卡因。用量均为0.8mg/kg。结果所有病例麻醉效果均满意,两者术中HR、BP、SpO2,骶管阻滞起效时间,术后镇痛时间,手术时间清醒时间比较无显著差异。结论0.25%左旋布比卡因用于小儿骶管阻滞是安全和有效的。     

相同浓度左旋布比卡因与罗哌卡因用于小儿骶管麻醉的效果评价

目的：评价左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因行单次骶管阻滞麻醉用于小儿下腹部、会阴区手术的效果。方法：择期行腹股沟斜疝、隐睾睾丸固定术等脐以下手术患儿90例, ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,以贯序法将以上70例分为2组(n=45),即在骶管阻滞中,A组给予0.25%罗哌卡因,B组给予0.25%左旋布比卡因;采用婴幼儿镇痛评分（CHIPPS)评估患儿恢复期镇痛情况,观察并记录2组手术时间、麻醉起效时间、镇痛维持时间、生命体征及术后相关并发症发生情况。结果：与A组比较,B组患儿麻醉起效时间加快,镇痛维持时间延长,术后1h、3h的 CHIPPS评分提高,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组手术时间及围术期恶心呕吐、低血压等并发症发生情况相似,组间差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论：0.25%罗哌卡因与0.25%左旋布比卡因骶管阻滞用于小儿下腹部、会阴区等泌尿外科手术,同样安全确切,与罗哌卡因比较,左旋布比卡因用于小儿骶管麻醉,麻醉起效时间加快,镇痛效果延长,不失为更为理想的小儿骶管麻醉用药。     

不同浓度的左旋布比卡因作小儿骶管阻滞的临床观察

目的研究不同浓度的左旋布比卡因在小儿骶管阻滞的镇痛效果及其临床应用。方法观察1~8岁患儿80例,在骶管阻滞下行泌尿外科会阴部手术,随机分成4组,A组(0.15%左旋布比卡因);B组(0.20%左旋布比卡因);C组(0.25%左旋布比卡因);D组(0.30%左旋布比卡因),每组20例。所有患儿皮下注射东莨菪碱0.01mg/kg,常规监测血压(BP)、心率(HR)、呼吸(RR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),静注氯胺酮2mg/kg诱导入睡后,行单次骶管阻滞,每组给予相应浓度的左旋布比卡因1ml/kg。麻醉维持期间4组均保留自主呼吸,麻醉效果欠佳者辅用氯胺酮。记录每组术中平均动脉压(MAP)、HR、RR、SpO2,记录手术时间和麻醉时间。每组氯胺酮用量,进行运动力量和反射评分(MPRS);疼痛/不适评分(PDS)。结果术中辅助氯胺酮用量:A组>B组>C组>D组(P<0.05),PDS评分:A组>B组,C组>D组。结论 0.25%的左旋布比卡因既达到了较好的镇痛效应,又可使左旋布比卡因的不良反应最少,是用于小儿骶管阻滞的最佳有效浓度。     

小儿骶管麻醉复合不同药物的临床观察

目的 观察小儿骶管复合不同药物麻醉的临床效果和术后镇痛情况.方法 选择60例男性小儿骶管麻醉的临床资料进行分析,60例患儿随机分成两组,罗比卡因一利多卡因组(A组)30例,布匹卡因一利多卡因组(B组)30例.两组局麻药中均加入芬太尼2ug/kg.结果 两组患儿麻醉镇痛均完善.但A组患儿的麻醉阻滞完善时间明显短于B组,而麻醉维持时间长于B组(p<0.05);A组患儿术后第一次排尿时间明显短于B组(P<0.05).A组患儿术后镇痛时间明显长于B组.结论 小儿骶管阻滞适宜于小儿下腹部及会阴部手术,局麻药以0.8%利多卡因加0.25%罗比卡因加芬太尼2ug/kg较佳.     

0．25％左旋布比卡因在小儿骶管阻滞应用体会

目的 了解0．25％左旋布比卡因在小儿麻醉中的有效性和安全性。方法 观察1岁-8岁患儿40例，分别行会阴部及下肢手术，采用氯胺酮基础麻醉加骶管阻滞，A组20例，0．25％左旋布比卡因；B组20例，0．25％布比卡因。用量均为0．8mg／kg。结果 所有病例麻醉效果均满意，两者术中HR、BP、SpO2，骶管阻滞起效时间，术后镇痛时间，手术时间清醒时间比较无显著差异。结论 0．25％左旋布比卡因用于小儿骶管阻滞是安全和有效的。     

小儿骶管阻滞中持续输注左旋布比卡因与复合芬太尼在围术期镇痛的临床研究

目的比较小儿骶管阻滞时短时间持续输注左旋布比卡因、复合芬太尼用于小儿围术期镇痛的有效性和安全性。方法将60例拟于全身麻醉复合骶管阻滞下行尿道成型术的尿道下裂患儿（2～9岁），经骶管注射0．25％左旋布比卡因0．75mL／kg后，随机分为两组（n=30）分别经骶管持续输注：0．125％左旋布比卡因（A组）、0．125％左旋布比卡因复合1mg/L芬太尼（B组），速度均为0．4ml／（kg·h）。术中以丙泊酚持续静脉输注维持麻醉，必要时应用小剂量氯胺酮。术后以芬太尼行持续静脉镇痛。观察、监测并记录2h后感觉阻滞平面、术中丙泊酚和氯胺酮用量、围术期血流动力学及呼吸变化情况、苏醒时间和术后感觉阻滞时间、围术期与骶管阻，滞及观察药物相关的不良反应。结果术中A组丙泊酚用量多于B组，差异有显著性（P〈0．01），氯胺酮用量两组接近，其差异无统计学意义。术中、术后时点血压均无统计学意义。A组心率较B组快，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论小儿骶管阻滞后持续短时间（3h）输注0．125％左旋布比卡因复合芬太尼1mg／L，既能保证术中术后镇痛质量，又不增加不良反应，用于尿道下裂行尿道成型术的围术期麻醉和镇痛是安全、有效的。     

相同浓度左旋布比卡因与罗哌卡因在小儿骶管麻醉中的对照研究

目的:评价左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因行单次骶管阻滞麻醉用于小儿下腹部、会阴区手术的效果。方法:择期行腹股沟斜疝、隐睾睾丸固定术等脐以下手术患儿90例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,以贯序法将以上70例分为2组(n=45),即在骶管阻滞中,A组给予0.25%罗哌卡因,B组给予0.25%左旋布比卡因;采用婴幼儿镇痛评分(CHIPPS)评估患儿恢复期镇痛情况,观察并记录2组手术时间、麻醉起效时间、镇痛维持时间、生命体征及术后相关并发症发生情况。结果:与A组比较,B组患儿麻醉起效时间加快,镇痛维持时间延长,术后1h、3h的CHIPPS评分提高,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);2组手术时间及围术期恶心呕吐、低血压等并发症发生情况相似,组间差异无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:0.25%罗哌卡因与0.25%左旋布比卡因骶管阻滞用于小儿下腹部、会阴区等泌尿外科手术,同样安全确切,与罗哌卡因比较,左旋布比卡因用于小儿骶管麻醉,麻醉起效时间加快,镇痛效果延长,不失为更为理想的小儿骶管麻醉用药。     

左旋布比卡因颈丛神经阻滞的临床观察

目的观察0.25%左旋布比卡因颈丛神经阻滞的效果。方法择期行颈部手术患者60例,随机分成0.25%左旋布比卡因麻醉(LB)组、0.375%罗哌卡因(R)组和0.25%布比卡因(B)组3组各20例。3组患者均采用双侧颈深浅丛神经阻滞,深丛4ml,浅丛6ml。观察各组感觉阻滞起效时间、镇痛质量和术后镇痛情况。结果感觉阻滞起效时间LB组与R组,B组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。术中镇痛质量3组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。术后镇痛维持时间LB组与R组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),与B组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论0.25%左旋布比卡因可安全用于颈丛神经阻滞。     

左旋布比卡因和布比卡因在小儿骶麻中的比较

目的 观察比较左旋布比卡因和布比卡因在小儿骶麻的临床效果.方法 选择行下腹部、会阴部、下肢手术的3～8岁小儿患者60例,随机分为两组,布比卡因组和左旋布比卡因组,每组30人.静注丙泊酚,患儿入睡后行骶管穿刺,布比卡因组注入0.25%布比卡因1 ml/kg;左旋布比卡因组给予0.25%左旋布比卡因1ml/kg.结果 两组麻醉效果满意,两组麻醉药的起效时间无统计学差异.苏醒后布比卡因组的运动阻滞残留比左旋布比卡因组强,3 h后两组之间无显著性差异,首次加用镇痛药的时间布比卡因组较长.结论 左旋布比卡因与布比卡因在小儿骶管麻醉都能取得好的麻醉效果,左旋布比卡因术后运动功能恢复时间较短.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.