亚甲蓝示踪技术在胃癌前哨淋巴结中的应用价值

目的:探讨亚甲蓝示踪技术在胃癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)中的应用价值与临床意义。方法:胃癌60例患者,开腹术中于病灶周围浆膜下直接注入亚甲蓝,术后对被视为胃癌前哨淋巴结的蓝染的淋巴结行常规病理检查和免疫组织化学法检查。结果:胃癌60例中,检出SLN56例(93.3%)。HE检查发现24例49枚SLN转移,T1、T2期SLN示踪准确率93.9%,敏感性88.9%,假阴性率11.1%,特异性为100.0%。免疫组织化学法检查结果发现有32例67枚SLN转移。结论:亚甲蓝示踪技术在胃癌SLN的应用是安全可行的,对预测T1、T2期胃癌区域淋巴结状况具有重要参考价值。     

N0期舌癌前哨淋巴结检测的意义

目的:探讨N0期舌癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymphatic node,SLN)检测的临床意义.方法:使用术中亚甲蓝示踪法对临床N0期(cN0)舌癌22例进行SLN示踪,对比SLN活检术与颈清扫术后淋巴结病理结果.结果:22例舌癌检出SLN 21例,检出率为95.4%,共检出51个SLN,平均每例2.3个,其中发现6例隐匿性淋巴结转移灶,转移率为27.2%.结论:术中亚甲蓝示踪法能有效地对舌癌进行SLN示踪;SLN活检能准确地预测N0期舌癌颈部淋巴结转移状况,有可能减少淋巴结转移阴性患者的颈清范围.     

亚甲蓝法在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用

目的:探讨亚甲篮作为示踪法进行前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌治疗中的应用价值。方法:对已确诊的172例临床腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者术中亚甲蓝乳晕周围皮下注射后行腋窝前哨淋巴结切除,送冰冻病理检查,再行乳腺癌改良根治术,并常规腋窝淋巴结清扫,术后病理石蜡切片检查前哨淋巴结及手术切除标本。结果:167例(97.1%)成功实施SLNB,5例(2.9%)术中未能发现SLN,立即改行腋窝淋巴结清扫术(ALND)。行SLNB的167例中,术中冰冻报告SLN癌转移21例,即行ALND;146例冰冻检查SLN未见癌转移。5例术后HE染色检查发现SLN存在1枚微转移淋巴结,4例接受ALND,1例拒绝行腋窝淋巴结清扫。142例SLNB代替ALND者中位随访时间18个月(3～64个月),均未发现腋窝淋巴结转移。结论:亚甲蓝法SLNB安全、有效、简便易行,SLNB阴性患者,可以替代ALND。     

胃癌前哨淋巴结术中标识

目的:了解前哨淋巴结亚甲蓝显影对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法:术中向肿瘤边缘的正常胃壁浆膜下肌层、粘膜下层注射亚甲蓝,观察淋巴结显影的情况;切取各站淋巴结行病理检查。结果:术中进行淋巴结标识72例,成功检测出前哨淋巴结68例。术中病理检查,33例有淋巴转移。结论:前哨淋巴结术中能准确预测胃癌淋巴结转移状况。在手术治疗淋巴结转移阴性的胃癌患者中,前哨淋巴结术中标识有望免除常规淋巴清扫。     

结肠癌术中前哨淋巴结定位对临床治疗的指导意义

目的:评价前哨淋巴结(SLN)对结肠癌腹腔淋巴结转移状况的预测价值,探讨检测SLN在指导结肠癌根治性切除术中的意义.方法:对42例结肠癌患者利用亚甲蓝行SLN检测术,并切除SLN送快速冰冻病理检查,然后行结肠癌根治性切除术,比较SLN快速冰冻切片,SLN及其他腹腔淋巴结石蜡切片和抗角蛋白免疫组织化学染色结果.结果:42例患者中39例成功检测到SLN,共检出SLN 95枚,平均2.4枚,SLN检出率为92.9%(39/42).SLN活组织检查术灵敏度为75%,准确性为85.7%,SLN预测腹腔淋巴结状态与术后病理检查符合率为92.3%.结论:SLN检测能较为准确地预测结肠癌腹腔淋巴结的转移状况,但以SLN活检术替代传统术式的可行性和安全性还需要更大样本的前瞻性病例研究来进一步评价.     

声门上型喉癌前哨淋巴结的研究

目的：探讨前哨淋巴结检测在声门上型喉癌NO中的诊断价值。方法：手术中用蓝染料的方法，对颈部淋巴结NO的声门上型喉癌进行前哨淋巴结的临床研究，手术中取蓝染前哨淋巴结快速冰冻病理检查，并与HE染色病理检查结果及颈淋巴结清扫术的淋巴结病理检查结果进行对照，观察前哨淋巴结对颈部淋巴结转移的预测价值。结果：10例NO患者2例发现有隐性转移，其隐性转移率为20％(2／10)，前哨淋巴结阳性率为13．0％(3／23)。经冰冻病理证实为前哨淋巴结阴性的患者，颈淋巴清扫术标本也未发现颈部淋巴结转移。结论：前哨淋巴结的检测对颈部淋巴结NO的声门上型喉癌发现隐性转移灶是可行的。前哨淋巴结检测技术可缩小手术范围，减少手术创伤和并发症。     

声门上型喉癌cN0患者双侧颈部外科处理方式探讨

目的探讨声门上型喉癌临床颈淋巴结阴性(clinical lylymph node negative,cN0)患者双侧颈部转移淋巴结的处理方法。方法对4年间32例声门上型喉癌(尤其是位于中线者)临床cN0患者采用一侧或病变主体侧颈部Ⅱ、Ⅲ区清扫术,术中送冰冻病理检查,根据病理结果,决定对侧是否手术治疗。实施手术侧术中冰冻检查证实淋巴结转移阳性者,同时实施对侧手术;阴性者,对侧颈部随访观察。结果32例患者中11例术中冰冻检查阳性而行对侧清扫术,双侧手术的实施率为34.4%(11/32);对侧有6例术后病理证实有淋巴结转移,有效率为54.5%(6/11)。结论声门上型喉癌cN0患者Ⅱ、Ⅲ区手术可解决大部分早期病变,应用一侧或病变主体侧的诊断治疗性颈清扫手术来决定对侧手术方案,在一定程度上可达到微创和有的放矢的双重目的。     

不同部位注射亚甲蓝检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的对比研究

目的探讨术中不同部位注射生物染料检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)方法,并研究前哨淋巴结活检预测腋窝淋巴结状况的准确性。方法对216例乳腺癌患者进行了术中注射亚甲蓝染色法检测SLN,随机分为两组,分别采用皮内皮下注射和乳腺实质内注射亚甲蓝染色法检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结,与腋窝淋巴结切除术后的淋巴结转移状况进行对比分析。全部病例经组织学病理证实。结果全组共检测216例患者,成功检测出SLN者210例,成功率为97.2%。皮下皮内注射法和乳腺实质注射法检测SLN的假阴性率分别为5.6%和8.0%,预测腋窝淋巴结转移状态的灵敏度和准确性分别为94.4%和92.0及98.1%和98.1%,经统计学检验差异无显著性。结论术中注射亚甲蓝染色检测乳腺癌SLN经济实用,可以较准确地预测腋窝淋巴结的转移状况。皮下皮内注射法和乳腺实质注射法检测SLN的准确性相似。     

亚甲蓝示踪乳腺癌效果的研究

目的:亚甲蓝示踪乳腺癌效果的评价。方法:将术前确诊乳腺癌的患者进行乳腺癌组织及其周围注射亚甲蓝,术中进行腋窝淋巴结清扫时,将染色与非染色淋巴结进行分类,并标明各淋巴结的所在组别。结合病理区分淋巴结转移的真阴性、假阴性、真阳性、假阳性。以此作为乳腺癌示踪技术的成功与否的依据。结果:63例检出的前哨淋巴结中,阴性26例,阳性37例,阳性率58.73%。65例腋窝淋巴结阳性38例,阳性率58.46%。SLN与ALN经病理检查完全符合者36例。2例前哨淋巴结阴性而腋窝淋巴结阳性,1例前哨淋巴结阳性而腋窝淋巴结阴性。前哨淋巴结活检技术的评价:灵敏度(SLN阳性数37/腋窝淋巴结转移数38)97.3%,准确度(SLN真阳性与真阴性的数之和60/S L N活检总数63)为95.2%,假阳性率(SLN假阳性的例数1/腋窝淋巴结转移例数38)2.6%,假阴性率(SLN假阴性的例数2/腋窝淋巴结转移例数38)5.2%。结论:使用染料亚甲蓝示踪乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检,准确掌握适应症、示踪条件后,检出的淋巴结敏感性和准确性均较高,临床应用简便,安全性高,能较准确地预测腋窝淋巴结转移的情况。     

结肠癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床研究

目的:探讨结肠癌前哨淋巴结 ( sentinel lymph node, SLN)活检技术的可行性及其临床意义.方法:对26例结肠癌患者应用术中染料定位的方法对其S LN进行了定位,术后从根治性切除的标本中检出SLN及区域淋巴结.对所有淋巴结行常规HE染色,HE染色为阴性的淋巴结进行免疫组化检测,寻找阳性染色的淋巴结.结果:共检出 SLN 65枚,占全部区域淋巴结的14%.HE染色共发现有SLN转移者9例,17枚,患者SLN转移率为35%;SLN阳性率为26% .除SLN外的403枚淋巴结的转移率为 6% .肿瘤细胞在SLN的转移率明显高于在区域淋巴结内的转移率(P<0.01).免疫组化法检测SLN转移的发生率为54%. 结论:SLN活检能够预测结肠癌区域淋巴结转移状况,对SLN行深入细致的病理学检测,可以指导术后病理分期和制定综合治疗方案.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.