后外上方单侧穿刺椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的安全性及有效性

目的 评估后外上方入路单侧穿刺行椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析自2017年9月至2018年9月本科收治的109例(144个椎体)骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者资料,平均年龄(76.7±9.9)岁(55～96岁),采用后外上方单侧穿刺入路行椎体成形术进行治疗。记录手术时间、注入的骨水泥体积、并发症发生率、视觉疼痛模拟量表(VAS)、Oswestry残疾指数(ODI)评分、穿刺针尖端的最终位置以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥在椎体中的扩散。结果 所有患者均成功完成手术,平均随访(9.1±2.9)个月。每个骨折椎体的平均手术时间为(24.0±3.5) min。注入骨水泥的平均体积为(4.8±0.6) m L。术前平均VAS评分为(8.4±0.7)分,术后1 d为(1.6±0.6)分,末次随访为(1.2±0.6)分。术前ODI平均得分为(70.97±7.73)分,术后1 d为(27.99±4.12)分,末次随访为(19.65±3.49)分。穿刺针尖端的最终位置:119根穿刺针到达中线,15根接近中线,10根超过中线。骨水泥在椎体中的分布类型:81例为类型1(56.3%),37例为类型2(25.7%),18例为类型3(12.5%),8例为类型5(5.5%),无病例为类型4。1例术后出现气胸,无其他并发症(如血肿、骨水泥栓塞、脊髓及神经损伤)。结论 椎体后外上方入路单侧穿刺的椎体成形术,可较为方便地穿刺至椎体中线,获得良好的骨水泥弥散,是治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的一种安全、有效方法。     

经皮椎体成形术骨水泥渗漏的回顾性分析

目的　分析经皮椎体成形术（PVP）骨水泥渗漏的特点,探讨PVP骨水泥渗漏的风险因素。 方法　选择我院2016年1月~2018年12月行PVP治疗的111例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF）患者（147个椎体）,骨折椎体所在节段术前均行DR、三维CT及MRI检查,术后行DR或/和三维CT复查。分析性别、年龄、椎体位置及椎体损伤情况（裂隙征、骨皮质损伤）对骨水泥渗漏率的影响,及骨水泥渗漏的特点。 结果　性别、年龄及椎体位置对骨水泥渗漏率的影响无统计学意义;椎体裂隙征合并骨皮质损伤骨水泥渗漏率最高,骨皮质损伤骨水泥渗漏数量最多,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）;骨水泥椎旁渗漏发生率最高,椎间盘渗漏次之,椎管内渗漏率最低,差异有统计学意义（P=0.005）。 结论　椎体损伤是PVP治疗骨水泥渗漏发生的重要原因,术前仔细观察椎体损伤的影像学特点对预防骨水泥渗漏具有重要意义。     

弯角经皮椎体成形术治疗新鲜单节段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床研究

目的比较弯角与常规单侧经皮椎体成形术在新鲜单节段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)中的应用价值。方法纳入我院收治的新鲜单节段OVCF患者124例,根据手术方式分为弯角组(n=65)和单侧组(n=59),弯角组行弯角经皮椎体成形术,单侧组行单侧经皮椎体成形术。比较2组围术期指标,包括手术时间、透视次数、术中出血量、手术费用、总治疗费用。分别在术前及术后3个月、6个月采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)以及Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估2组疼痛、功能恢复情况,并比较2组椎体压缩率、Cobb角、骨密度。观察2组骨水泥分布情况,记录2组术后6个月内骨水泥渗漏、再发骨折、伤口感染、伤口延迟愈合发生率。结果弯角组手术时间长于单侧组,透视次数少于单侧组(P<0.05),但2组术中出血量、手术费用及总治疗费用比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后3个月、6个月的ODI、VAS评分均较术前降低(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后3个月、6个月的椎体压缩率较术前降低,Cobb角较术前变小,骨密度较术前增大,且弯角组术后3个月、6个月的椎体压缩率较单侧组低,Cobb角较单侧组小(P<0.05)。弯角组骨水泥分布合理率高于单侧组(P<0.05),骨水泥渗漏率低于单侧组(P<0.05);2组再发骨折、伤口感染、伤口延迟愈合发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与单侧经皮椎体成形术相比,弯角经皮椎体成形术能减少透视次数,降低骨水泥渗漏率,改善术后椎体压缩率、Cobb角及骨水泥分布情况。     

人工智能激光定位系统减少椎体成形定位时间与放射剂量的有效性

背景:研究报道经皮椎体成形术的放射暴露剂量是其他脊柱手术的10倍。单纯C型臂依据二维图像不能提供更多的伤椎信息,在引导术中定位穿刺过程中存在技术缺陷,对医患双方均存在安全隐患。因此,如何提高定位精准度,减少或避免放射剂量的暴露是目前达成的一致共识。目的:评价一种人工智能激光导引系统减少椎体成形术定位时间与放射暴露剂量的有效性。方法:纳入86例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折椎体成形患者,随机分为2组。试验组43例在人工智能激光定位系统辅助下进行体表定位,对照组43例采用常规C臂透视进行体表定位。对透视次数、辐射剂量和定位穿刺时间进行记录,采用Hitachi-Aloka辐射剂量记录仪对辐射剂量进行记录。结果与结论:①相比对照组,试验组定位透视次数、穿刺透视次数、放射剂量更少,定位穿刺时间更短(P<0.001);②试验组穿刺精准度较对照组提高了65%;③2组患者均无聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯溢入椎管、胸腹腔,无肺栓塞、感染发生;④提示该人工智能激光定位系统可提高了C型臂在椎体成形术中定位的精准度,有效减少椎体定位的透视次数、放射暴露剂量,缩短了定位穿刺时间。该系统简单易学,使用过程中应防止患者躯体移位。     

侧开与前开式骨水泥注入器椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的比较

文题释义：经皮椎体成形：自Galibert等于1987年首次描述以来,经皮椎体成形已被广泛用于骨质疏松性椎体骨折的治疗,可迅速缓解腰背痛,改善患者活动,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折安全有效的一种微创手术。 侧开口骨水泥注入器：在传统前开口注入器的基础上,通过密封前开口并在远端末端侧向开口来修改套管,侧开口的尺寸对应于套管的横截面。与传统的前开口注入器相比,侧开口骨水泥注入器可改善经皮椎体成形术中的骨水泥充盈模式,引导水泥流向内侧,降低渗漏风险,同时增加骨水泥注入量。 背景：有研究显示与传统的前开口注入器相比,侧开口注入器可改善椎体成形治疗中的骨水泥充盈模式,引导水泥流向内侧,降低渗漏风险,同时增加骨水泥注入量。 目的：探讨采用侧开式注入器进行椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折及防止术中骨水泥渗漏的临床疗效。 方法：选择2014年1月至2018年12月衡水市哈励逊国际和平医院收治的220例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者,其中114例采用侧开式注入器进行双侧椎弓根椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗,106例采用标准前开式注入器进行双侧椎弓根椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗,术后拍摄X射线和CT扫描评估骨水泥渗漏情况。术前和术后3 d及6个月进行目测类比评分与椎体压缩率评估。研究获得衡水市哈励逊国际和平医院伦理委员会批准(20131214841X)。 结果与结论：①220例患者均顺利完成手术,无任何早期并发症,疼痛均有所缓解,生活质量得到明显改善;②侧开式注入器组骨水泥注射量大于前开式注入器组(P < 0.05);③两组术后3 d、6个月的目测类比评分均明显低于术前(P < 0.05),但两组组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④侧开式注入器组130个椎体中21个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏(渗漏率为16.15%),前开式注入器组120个椎体中36个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏(渗漏率为30%),侧开式注入器组骨水泥渗漏率低于前开式注入器组(P < 0.05);⑤两组术后3 d、6个月的椎体压缩率较术前显著降低(P < 0.05),两组组间椎体压缩率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑥结果表明,采用侧开式或前开式注入器进行椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折均可获得令人满意的临床疗效,但侧开式注入器可优化骨水泥注入模式,降低渗漏及渗入椎体周围血管的潜在风险,同时可通过调整骨水泥注入方向达到较为满意的骨水泥弥漫效果。 ORCID: 0000-0001-5328-9440(庞巨涛) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

不同黏度大剂量骨水泥在经皮椎体成形中的应用疗效与并发症

文题释义：经皮椎体成形：在影像导引下经皮肤通过或不通过椎弓根将穿刺针穿刺到病变椎体,而后向椎体内注入骨水泥,以达到增强椎体强度和稳定性,防止塌陷,缓解腰背部疼痛,甚至部分恢复椎体高度目的的一种微创技术。 骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折：又称“脆性骨折”,骨质疏松症的严重并发症之一,指骨质疏松症导致骨密度和骨质量下降,骨强度降低,在日常生活中受到轻微外伤或没有明显外伤情况下即可发生的椎体压缩骨折,常见于老年女性,好发于胸腰段,主要临床表现包括腰背部疼痛、神经放射痛、脊柱后凸畸形等。 背景：虽然经皮椎体成形已被广泛用于老年疼痛性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的治疗,但是关于骨水泥合理剂量和选择的相关研究仍不充分,尚未有统一结论。 目的：对比不同黏度大剂量骨水泥在经皮椎体成形治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的疗效和并发症发生情况。 方法：选择 2014年2月至2018年12月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院收治的单节段老年胸腰段(T₁₂-L₂)骨质疏松性骨折患者169例,其中85例进行大剂量低黏度骨水泥椎体成形治疗(对照组),84例进行大剂量高黏度骨水泥椎体成形治疗(观察组),两组骨水泥注射剂量均>4 mL。术前及术后2 d,记录两组目测类比评分、伤椎前缘高度、伤椎Cobb角及骨水泥渗漏情况。研究方案经上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院伦理委员会批准(批准号SH9H-2019-T90-1)。 结果与结论：①两组术后2 d的目测类比评分均较术前明显下降(P < 0.05),两组组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②两组术后2 d的伤椎前缘高度均较术前升高(P < 0.05),两组组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③两组术后2 d的伤椎Cobb角均较术前减少(P < 0.05),两组组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④对照组85例中57例(67.1%)发生骨水泥渗漏,观察组84例中36例(42.9%)发生骨水泥渗漏,两组组间比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),并且观察组椎旁血管、椎管内骨水泥渗漏发生率低于对照组(P < 0.05);⑤两组均未出现植入物周围感染、过敏反应、免疫反应及排斥反应;⑥结果表明,应用大剂量的高、低黏度骨水泥治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折均可取得良好的临床疗效,但低黏度骨水泥的渗漏发生率较高,高黏度骨水泥可显著降低渗漏风险,尤其是椎旁血管和椎管内的渗漏率。 ORCID: 0000-0001-7982-8270(王梦然) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折椎体成形修复效果与骨水泥注入量及弥散程度的关系

文题释义：骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折：指有病理性改变,骨量减低、骨强度降低、骨脆性增加,易发生脆性骨折,是骨质疏松的严重后果,常发于中老年人群,以绝经后女性最为高发,临床表现为腰背部剧烈疼痛、活动受限,严重时脊柱形态发生改变,导致后凸畸形,临床常采用椎体成形治疗。  椎体成形：是向病变椎体内注入骨水泥或人工骨等,以达到强化椎体、缓解疼痛及纠正椎体畸形的目的,是临床常用治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的微创手术,由于其可快速缓解临床症状、疗效确切及术后不良反应少,在中老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折治疗中得到广泛应用。 背景：研究显示,椎体成形治疗中骨水泥注入量和弥散程度对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者术后恢复有一定影响,但关于椎体成形治疗中骨水泥注入量和弥散程度与椎体恢复相关性的研究报道较少。 目的：探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折椎体成形后效果与骨水泥注入量及弥散程度的关系。 方法：纳入2017年1月至2018年8月三亚市中医院收治的102例(109个椎体)骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,其中男42例,女60例,年龄52-76岁,均进行椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗。根据骨水泥注入量分为观察1组(注入量>4 mL,n=57)和对照1组(注入量≤4 mL,n=45),根据骨水泥弥散程度分为观察2组(填充率>15%,n=61)和对照2组(填充率≤15%,n=41),观察手术前后的目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分、椎体前缘高度、Cobb角变化与骨水泥渗漏发生情况,并分析骨水泥注入量、弥散程度与椎体恢复高度相关性。试验经三亚市中医院伦理委员会批准。 结果与结论：①观察1组、对照1组术后3 d的目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分均较术前明显改善(P < 0.05),并且观察1组的改善情况优于对照1组(P < 0.05);观察2组、对照2组术后3 d的目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分均较术前明显改善(P < 0.05),并且观察2组的改善情况优于对照组2组(P < 0.05);②观察1组、对照1组术后3 d的椎体前缘高度与Cobb角均较术前明显改善(P < 0.05),并且观察1组的改善情况优于对照1组(P < 0.05);观察2组、对照2组术后3 d的椎体前缘高度与Cobb角均较术前明显改善(P < 0.05),并且观察2组的改善情况优于对照组2组(P < 0.05);③观察1组、对照1组骨水泥渗漏率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),观察2组、对照2组骨水泥渗漏率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④椎体恢复高度与骨水泥注入量、弥散程度均呈正相关性(P < 0.05);⑤结果表明,适当增加骨水泥注入量和弥散程度可缓解骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的疼痛,改善活动能力,纠正椎体后凹畸形,较好恢复椎体高度,骨水泥注入量、弥散程度与椎体恢复高度呈正相关。 ORCID: 0000-0001-8214-7150(吴海波) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

脊柱外固定和椎体成形注入骨水泥治疗老年胸腰椎骨折

背景：胸腰椎骨折多采用传统开放复位内固定,其出血多、创伤大。而脊柱外固定器的应用作为微创新技术受到了人们广泛关注。 目的：观察新型脊柱外固定联合经皮椎体成形骨水泥注入治疗老年胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。 方法：选择2009年1月至2012年1月治疗的新鲜老年胸腰椎压缩骨折患者33例,先行脊柱外固定器复位,后行经皮椎体成形骨水泥注入。根据影像学资料计算患者治疗前后和末次随访时伤椎前缘高度比、后凸Cobb角、椎管占位率和目测类比疼痛评分,随访观察临床疗效。 结果与结论：33例患者治疗后、末次随访时伤椎前缘高度比,后凸Cobb角、椎管占位率和疼痛目测类比评分较治疗前明显改善,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。末次随访与治疗后比较各项指标(除目测类比疼痛评分)差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。有4例不同程度骨水泥漏,1例脑脊液漏(严密缝合后愈合)。结果可见联合应用脊柱外固定和经皮椎体成形骨水泥注入治疗老年胸腰椎骨折创伤小,且安全有效。     

Use of the fluorescent micronucleus assay to detect the genotoxic effects of radiation and arsenic exposure in exfoliated human epithelial cells

The exfoliated cell micronucleus (MN) assay using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a centromeric probe is a rapid method for determining the mechanism of MN formation in epithelial tissues exposed to carcinogenic agents. Here, we describe the use of this assay to detect the presence or absence of centromeric DNA in MN induced in vivo by radiation therapy and chronic arsenic (As) ingestion. We examined the buccal cells of an individual receiving 6,500 rads of photon radiation to the head and neck. Exfoliated cells were collected before, during, and after treatment. After radiation exposure a 16.6-fold increase in buccal cell MN frequency was seen. All induced MN were centromere negative (MN −) resulting from chromosome breakage. This finding is consistent with the clastogenic action of radiation and confirmed the reliability of the method. Three weeks post-therapy, MN frequencies returned to baseline. We also applied the assay to exfoliated bladder cells of 18 people chronically exposed to high levels of inorganic arsenic (In-As) in drinking water (average level, 1,312 μg As/L) and 18 matched controls (average level, 16 μg As/L). The combined increase in MN frequency was 1.8-fold (P = 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Frequencies of micronuclei containing acentric fragments (MN −) and those containing whole chromosomes (MN+) both increased (1.65-fold, P = 0.07, and 1.37-fold, P = 0.15, respectively), suggesting that arsenic may have both clastogenic and weak aneuploidogenic properties in vivo. After stratification on sex, the effect was stronger in male than in female bladder cells. In males the MN-frequency increased 2.06-fold (P = 0.07) while the frequency of MN+ increased 1.86-fold (P = 0.08). In addition, the frequencies of MN − and MN+ were positively associated with urinary arsenic and its metabolites. However, the association was stronger for micronuclei containing acentric fragments. By using FISH with centromeric probes, the mechanism of chemically induced genotoxicity can now be determined in epithelial tissues. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Long-term correlation of the electrocorticogram as a bioindicator of brain exposure to ionizing radiation

Understanding the effects of radiation and its possible influence on the nervoussystem are of great clinical interest. However, there have been fewelectrophysiological studies on brain activity after exposure to ionizing radiation(IR). A new methodological approach regarding the assessment of the possible effectsof IR on brain activity is the use of linear and nonlinear mathematical methods inthe analysis of complex time series, such as brain oscillations measured using theelectrocorticogram (ECoG). The objective of this study was to use linear andnonlinear mathematical methods as biomarkers of gamma radiation regarding corticalelectrical activity. Adult Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: 1 control and 2irradiated groups, evaluated at 24 h (IR24) and 90 days (IR90) after exposure to 18Gy of gamma radiation from a cobalt-60 radiotherapy source. The ECoG was analyzedusing power spectrum methods for the calculation of the power of delta, theta, alphaand beta rhythms and by means of the α-exponent of the detrended fluctuation analysis(DFA). Using both mathematical methods it was possible to identify changes in theECoG, and to identify significant changes in the pattern of the recording at 24 hafter irradiation. Some of these changes were persistent at 90 days after exposure toIR. In particular, the theta wave using the two methods showed higher sensitivitythan other waves, suggesting that it is a possible biomarker of exposure to IR.     

Effects of dose and of partial body ionizing radiation on taste aversion learning in rats with lesions of the area postrema

The effect of area postrema lesions on the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion following partial body exposure to ionizing radiation was investigated in rats exposed to head-only irradiation at 100, 200 and 300 rad or to body-only irradiation at 100 and 200 rad. Following head-only irradiation area postrema lesions produced a significant attenuation of the radiation-induced taste aversion at all dose levels, although the rats still showed a significant reduction in sucrose preference. Following body-only exposure, area postrema lesions completely disrupted the acquisition of the conditioned taste aversion. The results are interpreted as indicating that: (a) the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion following body-only exposure is mediated by the area postrema; and (b) taste aversion learning following radiation exposure to the head-only is mediated by both the area postrema and a mechanism which is independent of the area postrema.     

The making of the ‘useless and pathological’ uterus in Taiwan, 1960s to 1990s

During the 1960s and 1970s, the notion that the uterus is a useless and pathological organ after a woman has had ‘enough’ children emerged alongside news reports of excessive hysterectomy in Taiwan. This notion and hysterectomy became two sides of the same coin, the former pointing to the burden of birth control and cancer risk, and the latter to sterilization and removing cancer risk. I explore how, in post-war Taiwan, the notion became commonplace through the intersection of three historical formations: the medical tradition of employing surgery to manage risk (such as appendectomy for appendicitis), American-dominated family planning projects that intensified the surgical approach and promoted reproductive rationality, and cancer prevention campaigns that helped cultivate a sense of cancer risk. The gender politics operating in the family planning and cancer prevention projects were apparent. The burden of birth control fell mainly on women, and the cancer prevention campaign, centring almost exclusively on early detection of cervical cancer, made cancer into a woman’s disease. I argue that the discourses of reproductive rationality and disease risk were parallel and, in several key ways, intersecting logics that rendered the uterus useless and pathological and then informed surgeons’ practice of hysterectomy. Exploring the ways in which the uterus was envisioned and targeted in the history of medicine in Taiwan, this paper shows overlapping bio-politics in three strands of research in an East Asian context – namely women’s health, family planning and cancer prevention – and offers a case for global comparison.     

Increased circulating cell‐free DNA levels and mtDNA fragments in interventional cardiologists occupationally exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation

Circulating cell‐free DNA (ccf‐DNA) and mtDNA (ccf‐mtDNA) have often been used as indicators of cell death and tissue damage in acute and chronic disorders, but little is known about changes in ccf‐DNA and ccf‐mtDNA concentrations following radiation exposure. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of chronic low‐dose radiation exposure on serum ccf‐DNA levels and ccf‐mtDNA fragments (mtDNA‐79 and mtDNA‐230) of interventional cardiologists working in high‐volume cardiac catheterization laboratory to assess their possible role as useful radiation biomarkers. We enrolled 50 interventional cardiologists (26 males; age = 48.4 ± 10 years) and 50 age‐ and gender‐matched unexposed controls (27 males; age = 47.6 ± 8.3 years). Quant‐iT? dsDNA High‐Sensitivity assay was used to measure circulating ccf‐DNA isolated from serum samples. Quantitative analysis of mtDNA fragments was performed by real‐time PCR. No significant relationships were found between ccf‐DNA and ccf‐mtDNA, and age, gender, smoking, or other clinical parameters. Ccf‐DNA levels (44.2 ± 31.1 vs. 30.6 ± 19.2 ng/ml, P = 0.013), ccf‐mtDNA‐79 (2.6 ± 2.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.8, P < 0.01), and ccf‐mtDNA‐230 copies (2.0 ± 1.8 vs. 1.04 ± 0.9, P = 0.02) were significantly higher in interventional cardiologists compared with the non‐exposed group. In a subset (n = 15) of interventional cardiologists with a reliable reconstruction of cumulative professional exposure (59.7 ± 48.4 mSv; range: 1.4–182 mS), ccf‐DNA (53.2 ± 41.3 vs. 36.4 ± 22.9 and 32.2 ± 20.5, P = 0.08), mtDNA‐79 (2.4 ± 2.1 vs. 2.03 ± 1.7 and 1.09 ± 0.82, P = 0.05), and mtDNA‐230 (2.0 ± 2.2 vs. 1.5 ± 1.4 and 1.04 ± 0.9, P = 0.09) tended to be significantly increased in high‐exposure subjects compared with both low‐exposure interventional cardiologists and controls. Our results provide evidence for a possible role of circulating DNA as a relevant biomarker of cellular damage induced by exposure to chronic low‐dose radiation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 56:293–300, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Nature of mutation in the human hprt gene following in vivo exposure to ionizing radiation of cesium-137

The current study comprises the analysis of mutations in 10 individuals accidentally exposed to cesium-137 during the 1987 radiological accident in Goiânia, Brazil. Their exposures were among the highest experienced, ranging from 1 to 7 Gy. Peripheral T-lymphocyte samples were obtained 3.3 years after the original exposure and mutation was studied at the hprt locus using the 6-thioguanine-resistance selection assay. The mutational spectrum for the exposed population is comprised of 90 independent mutants. Based on T-cell receptor analysis, only 5% (5/95) were clonally related. Mutants were initially studied using RT-PCR and directly sequenced using an automated laser fluorescent DNA sequencer. Mutants that repeatedly failed to produce cDNAs were studied using a multiplex PCR assay with genomic DNA. Missense mutations were the most frequent event recovered, comprising 40% (23/57) of the spectral sample. An excess of events involving A:T base pairs was observed, exhibiting a significant difference (χ² = 12.7, P = 0.0004) when compared to the spontaneous spectrum. This finding may reflect the effect of ionizing radiation-induced damage, suggesting a potential similarity to radiation effects in prokaryotes. At the genomic level, 36.7% (33/90) of the mutants exhibited gross structural alterations, as detected by multiplex PCR. Deletion events were over-represented in our spectral sample, displaying a twofold increase when compared to the frequency observed in the spontaneous mutation database. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 30:385–395, 1997 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Effects of radiofrequency radiation and simultaneous exposure with mitomycin C on the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in chinese hamster ovary cells

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were exposed for 2 hr with and without mitomycin C (MMC) (1 × 10^?8M) to pulsed wave radiofrequency radiation (RFR) at 2450 MHz. The repetition rate of 25,000 pulses per sec (pps), pulse width of 10 μs, and exposure geometry used, resulted in a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 33.8 W/kg. The following exposure regimens were used: 1) a 37°C water bath control; 2) a water bath temperature control (TC) in which the continuously monitored medium temperature closely followed the temperature rise in the RFR-exposed flasks; and 3) the RFR-exposed cells in a water bath set at 37°C prior to exposure. RFR exposure resulted in a maximum cell culture medium temperature of 39.2°C. In the absence of MMC, there was no significant increase in sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in the RFR-exposed or TC groups over that of the 37°C control. When a simultaneous treatment of RFR and MMC occurred there was no statistical difference in SCE frequency from that caused by chemical treatment alone.     

低剂量医用电离辐射作业的习惯性流产妇女淋巴细胞遗传损伤研究

目的分析医用电离辐射作业女性外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)对习惯性流产的影响。方法随机选择医用电离辐射作业的习惯性流产女性34人和正常的育龄女性20人,检测其外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换,记数SCE发生率。结果观察组的外周血淋巴细胞SCE发生率为7.22±0.88,明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 SCE的发生可作为长期小剂量接触电离辐射作业习惯性流产女性染色体结构稳定性的检测指标。这种辐射作业环境中的某些有害物质对女性DNA损伤有一定的影响,可使机体产生一定的辐射损伤。     

唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折：提高骨密度、预防椎体再骨折、远期疗效评价的Meta分析

文题释义：椎体后凸成形：采用椎体内置入气囊的方法通过扩张使椎体复位,在椎体内部形成空隙,减小骨水泥注入所需的推力,使骨水泥在椎体内不易流动,可有效解除或缓解疼痛、恢复病椎高度,但临床发现仍存在骨水泥渗漏等风险。 唑来膦酸：椎体后凸成形已被广泛应用于骨质疏松性压缩骨折的治疗,临床疗效显著,然而如何有效改善骨质疏松状况成为临床面临的重要问题。唑来膦酸是双膦酸盐类药物,可有效抑制骨吸收,降低再发骨折风险,改善骨折患者的功能评分。 背景：临床应用唑来膦酸治疗骨质疏松症缺乏系统的科学评价和循证学依据,因此目前对于唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效尚无明确定论。 目的：系统评价唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。 方法：应用计算机检索公开发表在CNKI、万方、维普等中文数据库及CBM、PubMed、Cochrane等英文数据库中,有关唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的随机对照试验,试验组治疗方式为唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形,对照组治疗方式为椎体后凸成形,时间截止至2019年9月。由2位研究员独立进行文献筛选、数据提取,按Cochrane协作网标准对纳入随机对照试验逐个进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件对符合纳入标准的研究进行统计分析。 结果与结论：①最终纳入5篇文献,均为随机对照研究,试验组患者175例,对照组患者184例;②统计分析结果显示：试验组治疗后12个月的骨密度高于对照组[MD=0.12,95%CI(0.08,0.17),P < 0.000 01],治疗后6,12个月的目测类比评分低于对照组[MD=0.46,95%CI(0.18,0.75),P=0.002;MD=0.85,95%CI(0.20,1.50),P=0.01],治疗后1年的Oswestry功能障碍指数评分低于对照组[MD=6.59,95%CI(4.77,8.41),P < 0.000 01],骨水泥渗漏率、椎体骨折再发率低于对照组[OR=0.22,95%CI(0.08,0.59),P=0.003;OR=0.18,95%CI(0.07,0.50),P=0.000 8];两组椎体高度恢复、椎体后凸Cobb角比较差异无显著性意义[MD=0.65,95%CI(-0.27,1.56),P=0.16;MD=-0.60,95%CI(-2.45,1.25),P=0.53];③结果表明与单独应用椎体后凸成形相比,唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形在提高骨密度值、减少椎体骨折再发率、改善患者远期临床症状、预防骨水泥骨水泥渗漏等并发症方面具有显著优势,但后期仍需大量高质量的多中心随机对照研究提供更充足的证据。 ORCID: 0000-0001-8871-3539(李凯明) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

Sequence- and concentration-dependent effects of acute and long-term exposure to the bisphosphonate ibandronate in combination with single and multiple fractions of ionising radiation doses in human breast cancer cell lines

Both bisphosphonates and radiotherapy are highly effective for the management of bone metastases. Our in vitro study examined the cytotoxic effects resulting from combinations of ibandronate and ionising radiations (RX) in various sequences on breast cancer cells. Single radiation doses were given before, at halftime of, or after acute ibandronate incubation (48 h). Single or fractionated radiation doses were applied at the end of chronic ibandronate incubation (5 weeks). Combination of acute ibandronate exposure and single radiation doses led to synergistic cytotoxic effects in MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only with low ibandronate concentrations in MCF-7 cell line. In both cell lines, synergy was more marked when ibandronate followed RX. After long-term ibandronate exposure, only high single radiation doses induced synergistic effects in MDA-MB-231 cell line. Synergy was only detected with low ibandronate concentrations in MCF-7 cell line. In both cell lines, fractionated radiation doses exerted similar effects. The combination of ibandronate with radiation can exert synergistic effects on the inhibition of breast cancer cells growth, depending on cell line, drug sequence and dosage. Our data might provide a rationale for associating bisphosphonates and radiotherapy for the treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer.This study was presented in preliminary form at the “Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research”, September 2005, Nashville, TN (abstract # SA075).Fabrice Journé and Nicolas Magné—These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered as joint first authors     

Acroagonines: Ugo Cerletti’s audacious attempt to place the neurophysiological effects of electroconvulsive therapy in vials

In the years 1947–57, following a turbulent retirement, Ugo Cerletti, the father of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (1938), invested his energies in a new audacious project conceived as an extension of his ECT research. Forced to leave the direction of the Sapienza University Clinic, he got funds from the National Research Council of Italy to carry out his experimental activities, and founded a ‘Center for the study of the physiopathology of Electro-shock’ in Rome. The Center was aimed at studying liquid substances extracted from electro-shocked animals’ brains that Cerletti named acroagonine and injected into human patients. Inspired by coeval literature, Cerletti believed that electroshock efficacy was due to stimulating some homeostatic processes in the brain, specifically in the meso-diencephalic area (i.e. involving neuroendocrine response in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis). Cerletti’s team wished not only to find these effects, but also to reproduce them. With this hypothesis, that proved ineffective, Cerletti anticipated intuitions on the neuroendocrine effects of ECT and the necessity for the development of psychopharmacology. In this article, I cross-combined previously unexplored archival materials stored at Sapienza University of Rome (‘ES Section’) with established bibliographic and archival sources.