Export aspiration system in patients with acute coronary syndrome and visible thrombus provides no substantial benefit.

OBJECTIVE: A visible thrombus remains a risk factor during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Between October 2004 and March 2005, we treated all patients who consecutively presented with acute coronary syndrome + angiographically visible thrombus using the Export Aspiration System (group 1, n = 79). We retrospectively analyzed all consecutive patients who had been treated without a thrombectomy device (group 2, n = 79). RESULTS: Final TIMI flow 3 or myocardial blush grade (MBG) 3 after completing PCI in group 1 and 2 was seen in 54 patients (68.4%) versus 57 patients (72.2%, P = 0.6) and in 45 patients (57.0%) versus 44 patients (55.7%, P = 0.9), respectively. Final TIMI flow 0 or MBG 0 in group 1 and 2 was observed in eight patients (10.1%) versus four patients (5.1%, P = 0.23) and in 24 patients (30.4%) versus 16 patients (20.3%, P = 0.15), respectively. HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION: Histologic evaluation revealed mostly mixed thrombotic material (83.6%). Microscopic material was seen in 91.8% of cases. MACE: Total MACE rate during hospital stay was 11.4% in both groups. CONCLUSION: Using the Export Aspiration System in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome + visible thrombus provides no substantial benefit.     

The effect of thrombectomy on myocardial blush in primary angioplasty: The randomized evaluation of thrombus aspiration by two thrombectomy devices in acute myocardial infarction (RETAMI) trial

Background: In patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may cause thrombus dislodgment leading to microvascular function impairment, which is a negative independent predictor of myocardial function recovery. Compared with conventional stenting, pretreatment with aspiration thrombectomy during primary PCI significantly improves coronary epicardial flow and myocardial tissue perfusion parameters. We sought to evaluate the angiographic findings of two different manual aspiration thrombectomy devices (Diver‐Invatec® (DI) and Export‐Medtronic®® (EM)) in STEMI patients undergoing primary angioplasty. Methods: We randomized 103 STEMI patients referred to our hospital to undergo primary PCI (<12 hr from symptoms onset) to DI (n = 52) and EM (n = 51) devices. The primary angiographic composite end‐points were the rates of post‐thrombectomy thrombus score (TS) ≤≤2, TIMI flow grade ≥≥2, and post‐stenting myocardial blush grade (MBG) ≥≥2 in the two groups. Results: Baseline, clinical, and angiographic preprocedural findings did not differ between the two groups. After aspiration thrombectomy, a TS ≤≤ 2 was more frequently present in EM group (92.3 vs. 69.3%, P = 0.0052). Also the rate of post‐thrombectomy TIMI ≥≥ 2 (69.3 vs. 92.2%, P = 0.0052) and post‐stenting MBG ≥≥2 (88.2 vs. 69.3%, P = 0.029) were significantly higher in EM group. No significative differences were observed in terms of clinical events at 1 and 12 months. Conclusions: In this single‐center, prospective, randomized study, a EM use before stenting in STEMI patients seems to remove more thrombotic burden compared with DI, providing a greater post‐thrombectomy epicardial flow and a better post‐stenting microvascular perfusion. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Fighting fungus with a laser and a hose: Management of a giant Candida albicans implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator lead vegetation with simultaneous AngioVac aspiration and laser sheath lead extraction

Infections involving internal cardiac devices can be very challenging to treat, and almost universally require complete device extraction for successful management. Of the pathogens that cause device‐related endocarditis, fungi such as Candida albicans are notoriously difficult to manage because of their propensity to produce large vegetations and the need for long‐term treatment with potentially toxic medications. Furthermore, individuals who develop fungal, device‐associated endocarditis are typically among the most complex patients, with significant comorbidities that place them at high risk for open heart procedures such as surgical device extraction. We present a case of one such patient in whom treatment of Candida albicans device‐related endocarditis was managed using AngioVac^® aspiration of a large right atrial vegetation with simultaneous laser sheath extraction of the implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator lead.     

经导管血栓吸出术在急性心肌梗死中的应用(附9例报道)

目的 冠脉内血栓是影响急性心肌梗死介入治疗效果的重要因素。本文介绍一种急性心肌梗死后经导管血栓吸出术的方法和疗效。方法 因急性心肌梗死入院，急诊冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉近段病变及冠脉内血栓者。常规PTCA方法选择7F指引导管，导丝通过病变后，经导丝直接送入PercuSurg吸引导管至病变部位，反复抽吸至血栓消失，梗死部位恢复前向血流。然后直接置入冠脉内支架。造影观察病变扩张结果及梗死相关血管血流和心肌灌注情况。并随访住院期间心血管事件及心功能。结果 9例急性心梗造影显示冠脉内大量血栓者接受了上述治疗。8例吸引导管直接通过病变，1例使用了球囊预扩张。血栓吸引后即刻血栓影消失8例，血栓明显减少1例。支架术后残余狭窄均消失，前向血流完全正常者7例，2例血流稍减慢。梗死部位心肌组织的再灌注达TMP3级者7例．TMP2级2例。住院期间无心绞痛、再梗及死亡等事件发生。无心力衰竭发生，出院前超声心动图测定LVEF46％～72％。结论 经导管直接血栓吸出术可能是处理冠脉内血栓的一种简单有效的方法。     

经导管血栓吸出术在处理急性心肌梗死冠脉内血栓中的应用

目的　本文介绍一种急性心肌梗死行急诊经皮血运重建术 (PCI)过程中处理冠脉内血栓的简单方法 ,并观察其近期临床疗效。方法　因急性心肌梗死入院 ,急诊冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉近段病变及冠脉内血栓者。常规PTCA方法选择 7F指引导管 ,普通 0 0 14″冠脉导丝通过病变后 ,经导丝直接送入PercuSurge吸引导管至病变部位 ,反复抽吸至血栓消失 ,梗死部位恢复前向血流。然后直接置入冠脉内支架。造影观察病变扩张结果及梗死相关血管血流和心肌灌注情况。并随访住院期间心血管事件及心功能。结果　 12例急性心梗造影显示冠脉内大量血栓者接受了上述治疗。血栓吸引后即刻血栓影消失者 8例 ,血栓明显减少 4例。 8例完全闭塞者中经血栓吸引后 7例血管直接开通 ,前向血流明显改善。支架术后前向血流TIMI 3级和TMP 3级者 9例。 3例血流稍减慢 ,TMP 2级。住院期间无心绞痛、再梗及死亡等事件发生。出院前平均LVEF为 (6 4 1± 9 3) %。结论　经导管直接血栓吸出术是处理冠脉内血栓的一种简单有效的方法。     

Large tube section is the key to successful coronary thrombus aspiration: findings of a standardized bench test.

Thrombus removal by aspiration is one of the adjunctive techniques used to avoid embolization during PCI for acute myocardial infarction. Numerous devices are now available, but little is known about the mechanical rationale used in comparing them. The aim of the present study was to determine parameters to obtain optimal thrombus aspiration (TA). Heparin- and antiplatelet-free blood samples were aspirated into 3 mm diameter standardized glass tubes to create a 30 mm long thrombus. Thrombus formation took place at room temperature over a period of 6 or 12 hr. Various catheters were tested using a variable vacuum device: three with right-angle distal tip (0.038', 0.067', and 0.070') and one with a beveled distal (length of the beveled, 0.054'; inner diameter catheter, 0.040'). The single endpoint was complete thrombus aspiration. A total of 103 TAs were presented for the four catheters. For 6- or 12-hr-old thrombus for a given catheter, there was no significant difference in vacuum pressure required to succeed TA (P = 0.47). For 6- or 12-hr-old thrombus, the larger the contact area is, the lower the pressure needed to aspirate the thrombus. Moreover, a beveled distal tip length (0.054') does not make it possible to succeed TA at a lower pressure. The main factor for successful TA for thrombi > or = 6 hr is inner diameter and not immediate thrombus contact area.     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后延迟支架植入术的疗效观察

目的对急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者行急诊冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗,经冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后使心肌梗死溶栓试验（TIMI）血流达3级后,比较延期支架植入与即刻支架植入两种治疗方式对预后的影响。方法选择2010年1月至2012年1月符合急诊PCI治疗条件的急性心肌梗患者共149例．经冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后使心肌梗死溶栓试验血流达2～3级后,93例当时植入支架患者为即刻支架植入组．56例术后经强化抗凝及抗血小板治疗5～7d后再次手术植入支架者为延迟支架植入组,观察两组ST段术后回落超过50％的患者例数、慢血流或无复流发生率、心肌染色分级及支架使用情况,同时随访术后3个月时心功能状态及主要心血管事件（包括心肌梗死、血运重建、卒中、各种原因的死亡）。结果延期支架组心电图ST段回落比例明显高于即刻支架植入组,差异有统计学意义（62％vs.46％,P〈0．01）。无复流及慢血流在延迟支架组明显少于即刻支架组,差异有统计学意义（8％vs．17％,P〈0．01）。延迟支架组支架使用量明显少于即刻支架组,差异有统计学了意义[（2．3±0．7）枚 vs.（3．5±1．1）枚,P〈0．01]。3个月后两组主要心血管事件及左心室功能状态比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后延迟支架植入,可减少支架使用量,有利于减少无复流及慢血流现象的发生,对近期预后无不利影响。     

Trans-caval aspiration artherectomy/thrombectomy of large mobile plaques and thrombi in aortic arch and descending aorta

Aspiration thrombectomy with the AngioVac is approved for percutaneous removal of thrombus in the venous system. While not approved for aspiration of thrombus or other mass in the left heart or arterial system, it has been used in that setting. Patients with left heart or arterial mass are often deemed unfavorable for surgery and treated conservatively. This may not be the best option for all patients, as some may have lesions that represent a short-term increased risk of complications, for which intervention and aspiration could be considered reasonable. Unfortunately, femoral arteries sizes often cannot accommodate the Angiovac current aspiration cannula dimensions. Here, we demonstrated trans-caval approach for aspiration thrombectomy of extensive aortic mobile plaque and thrombus.     

Thrombus aspiration prior to primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction: estimation of rescued myocardial tissue by return of ST-segment elevation

BACKGROUND: The goal of the study was to validate the clinical benefit of adjunctive thrombus aspiration prior to balloon or stent angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction. HYPOTHESIS: Adjunctive thrombus aspiration reduces no-reflow by eliminating peripheral thromboembolism. METHODS: In all, 143 consecutive patients underwent primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction in our institution. We excluded patients with subacute stent thrombosis or bundle-branch pattern of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and divided the remaining 131 into two groups: 62 patients who underwent intervention without a thrombus aspiration device (Group 1) and 69 patients who were treated as soon as a specifically designed thrombus aspiration catheter became available at our institution (Group 2). The intention was to use thrombus aspiration in every suitable case with proximal occlusion of a major vessel. The reduction of the sum of ST-segment elevation following angioplasty as a marker of rescued myocardial tissue was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Thrombus aspiration was technically feasible in 23 of 25 attempted cases. The reduction of the sum of ST-segment elevation following intervention was 0.41 +/- 0.39 mV in Group 1 and 0.37 +/- 0.42 mV in Group 2 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Thrombus aspiration may be helpful during primary angioplasty in selected cases but does not improve the general outcome. Other reasons for "no-reflow," apart from peripheral thromboembolism, seem to be responsible for the lack of clinical benefit.     

锥颅血肿抽吸治疗高血压性脑基底核出血的疗效分析

目的 旨在研究锥颅抽吸血肿治疗高血压性基底核区不同量脑出血的疗效。 方法将81例脑基底核区出血的患者,分为锥颅血肿抽吸组(43例)和药物治疗组(38例),根据不同出血量,每组分成两个亚组,锥颅血肿抽吸组出血量40~80 ml为Ⅰa组28例,出血量>80 m1为Ⅱb组15例;药物治疗组出血量40~80 ml为Ⅱa组25例,出血量>80 ml为Ⅱb组13例。采用改良爱丁堡+斯堪的那维亚法对神经功能缺失程度进行评分(MESSS),所有患者于发病后30 d行疗效评定,采用等级资料的秩和检验、t检验进行统计学分析。结果 Ⅰa组患者治疗前神经功能缺失评分为41.7±0.6,治疗后评分为18.9±2.4;Ⅱa组患者治疗前评分为41.6±0.8,治疗后评分为20.2±1.3:Ⅰb组患者治疗前神经功能缺失评分为42.1±0.6,治疗后评分为34.3±O.8;Ⅱb组患者治疗前评分为42.2±0.4,治疗后评分为34.5±0.7。Ⅰa组患者在有效性方面显著优于Ⅱa组患者,差异有显著意义(P<0.05),Ⅰb组Ⅱb组患者的疗效差异无显著意义。结论对于出血量在40~80 ml的高血压性基底核区出血患者行锥颅血肿抽吸治疗,创伤小、疗效肯定,值得推广;而>80ml的脑出血,建议行外科常规手术,清除血肿。     

PCI联合血栓抽吸术治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的效果

目的 探究经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）联合血栓抽吸术治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）的效果。方法 选取2014年11月—2017年11月我院收治的86例STEMI患者作为对象,经随机数字表法将之均分为两组,单纯PCI组行PCI治疗,联合组行血栓抽吸+PCI治疗,此外,两组均予盐酸替罗非班治疗。比较两组术后TIMI血流分级情况、支架植入2h后一般情况及主要不良心血管事件（MACE）发生情况。结果 支架植入后,联合组TIMI血流分级Ⅱ级+Ⅲ级患者的比例95.3%（41/43）显著高于单纯PCI组76.7%（33/43）（P＜0.05）;支架植入2h后,观察组cTnT峰值及CK-MB峰值显著低于对照组,ST段回落＞50%的比例及术后10d的LVEF显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;住院期间和术后5个月内,两组MACE发生率相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 PCI联合血栓抽吸术治疗STEM能够有效改善冠脉血流和左心室功能,促进梗死区域的心肌灌注,改善患者短期预后。     

Successful utilization of a novel aspiration thrombectomy catheter (Pronto) for the treatment of patients with stent thrombosis.

Stent thrombosis is a rare but catastrophic complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thrombolytic therapy is ineffective for the treatment of patients with stent thrombosis, while primary PCI in such patients is limited by a high thrombus burden in the culprit vessel often leading to distal embolization and extensive tissue infarction. We present three patients with stent thrombosis successfully treated with the adjunctive use of a novel and new aspiration thrombectomy device (Pronto).