肝动脉化疗栓塞联合微波消融治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效观察

目的:观察肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合微波消融（PMCT）治疗原发性中晚期肝癌的临床疗效。方法:选取不能手术切除的原发性中晚期肝癌患者150例,行TACE治疗的80例作为对照组,行TACE联合PMCT治疗的70例患者作为联合组,比较两组甲胎蛋白平均下降率、总有效率、生存率及毒副反应。结果:对照组和联合组甲胎蛋白（AFP）下降率分别为46.3%和76.8%;总有效率分别为58.8%和78.6%;0.5、1、1.5、2年的生存率分别为91.3% 、77.5%、45.0%、11.3%和97.1%、82.9%、61.4%、31.4%;两组均未发生严重毒副反应。结论:TACE 联合PMCT治疗中晚期肝癌安全、有效、可行,临床疗效优于单纯TACE治疗,可提高患者生存期,改善患者的生活质量。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞分别联合经皮微波凝固治疗与^125I放射性粒子植入治疗原发性大肝癌的疗效观察

目的评价和比较肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合经皮微波凝固治疗（PMCT）与TACE联合^125I放射性粒子植入治疗原发性大肝癌的效果。方法46例原发性大肝癌患者接受TACE联合PMCT治疗,20例接受TACE联合^125I放射性粒子植入治疗。术后2个月、3个月分别行动态增强CT复查。观察并比较两组疗效、毒副反应及并发症发生的情况。结果综合治疗后3个月,TACE联合PMCT组的有效率为82．61％,明显高于TACE联合^125I放射性粒子植入组的有效率55．00％（P〈0．05）。两组的临床总控制率分别为93．47％、85．00％（P〉0．05）。两组发生的毒副反应无明显差异,均未出现严重并发症。结论TACE联合PMCT及TACE联合^125I放射性粒子植入均为原发性大肝癌安全、有效的治疗方法,两组毒副反应及并发症的发生率相当,前者治疗效果较为理想,值得临床应用。     

TACE联合PMCT治疗中晚期肝癌的临床观察

目的:观察TACE联合PMCT治疗中晚期肝癌的治疗效果.方法:61例原发性中晚期肝癌患者随机分为两组,单纯TACE组30例,TACE联合PMCT组31例,所有患者先行肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE),TACE联合PMCT组于二周后再施行PMCT手术,治疗三周期后,对疗效进行评价.结果:TACE组的完全坏死率、1年生存率分别为43.3%、63.3%;而联合治疗组分别为83.9%、80.6%.两组间完全坏死率、1年生存率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:原发性中晚期肝癌患者采用TACE+PMCT疗效优于单纯TACE治疗.     

经肝动脉栓塞化疗联合陀螺刀治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效

目的 观察经肝动脉栓塞化疗（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE）联合陀螺旋转式60Co放射治疗系统（以下简称陀螺刀）治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法 选择2008年6月至2011年1月本院收治的原发性肝癌患者71例,按不同治疗方法分为TACE治疗组35例及TACE联合陀螺刀治疗（联合治疗组）36例,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果 联合治疗组的有效率为77.8%,明显高于TACE治疗组的54.3%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。联合治疗组和TACE治疗组的6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月生存率分别为97.2%、83.8%、52.8%、41.7%和71.4%、51.4%、34.3%、28.6%,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。联合治疗组行陀螺刀放疗过程中有3例（8.3%）发热,4例（11.1%）出现肝功能损害,均未发生骨髓抑制及放射性肺炎。结论 TACE联合陀螺刀治疗原发性肝癌的疗效优于单纯TACE治疗,可提高患者的生存率,毒副反应较少,值得临床推广应用。     

三氧化二砷联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的临床观察

目的评价三氧化二砷（AS2O3）联合肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的近远期疗效和不良反应。方法选择2009年11月至2012年12月确诊的中晚期原发性肝癌62例,其中以AS2O3联合TACE治疗的30例为AS2O3组,以单纯TACE治疗的32例为对照组,观察两组患者治疗后近远期疗效,甲胎蛋白（AFP）下降情况、生活质量变化、肝内外转移发生率和不良反应发生率。结果 AS2O3组客观有效率、获益率、中位进展时间、1年生存率、AFP下降率、生活质量改善率和肝内外转移发生率分别为20.0%、80.0%、6.2个月、52.0%、76.5%、50.0%和20.0%。对照组客观有效率、获益率、中位进展时间、1年生存率、AFP下降率、生活质量改善率和肝内外转移发生率分别为15.6%、71.8%、5.3个月、46.0%、66.7%、43.8%和37.5%。两组患者不良反应差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组患者在客观有效率、获益率、TTP、1年生存率、AFP下降率、生活质量改善率方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。AS2O3组患者肝内外转移发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 AS2O3联合TACE治疗中晚期原发性肝癌与以单纯TACE治疗相比较,AS2O3联合TACE治疗中晚期原发性肝癌有较好的近远期疗效,不增加不良反应,而且可降低肝癌肝内外转移的发生率。     

索拉非尼联合经导管动脉栓塞化疗治疗不可手术切除的原发性肝癌患者的临床疗效及安全性

目的 探讨索拉非尼联合经导管动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）治疗不可手术切除的原发性肝癌患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法 选取120例不可切除原发性肝癌患者,依据治疗方法分为联合组（n=55）和对照组（n=65）,其中对照组患者给予单纯TACE治疗,联合组患者给予索拉非尼联合TACE治疗。比较两组患者的近期疗效、血清肿瘤标志物[甲胎蛋白（AFP）]水平、肝功能指标[谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、白蛋白（ALB）]水平、不良反应发生情况及远期生存情况。结果 联合组患者的疾病控制率（DCR）为74.55%,高于对照组患者的56.82%(P﹤0.05)。治疗12周,两组患者血清AFP水平均低于本组治疗前,且联合组患者血清AFP水平低于对照组（P﹤0.05）。治疗前及治疗12周,两组患者血清AST、ALT、ALB水平组间及组内比较,差异均无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。联合组患者腹痛腹泻、皮疹、手足皮肤反应发生率均明显高于对照组（P﹤0.01）。联合组患者中位总生存期为14个月,长于对照组患者的10个月（P﹤0.05）,1、2年总生存率分别为74.55%、45.45%,均高于对照组患者的55....     

经动脉化疗栓塞结合经皮微波凝固治疗肝癌的临床研究

目的评价经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)+经皮微波凝固(PMCT)相结合在肝癌治疗中的作用.方法原发性肝癌25例(30个结节)行TACE+PMCT治疗,TACE治疗1～3次,PMCT治疗l～2次.结果临床CT复查,所有术前强化的病灶动脉期强化明显减弱或消失.6例患者再次血管造影表现为肿瘤血供明显减弱,20例表现为肿瘤血供消失.19例AFP升高的患者均出现AFP下降,14例达正常范围.未出现明显并发症.结论TACE后行PMCT可明显提高肝癌治疗的疗效.     

氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的：观察氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法：40例原发性肝癌病人,根据病人情况选择TACE术和氩氦刀冷冻消融术治疗的先后顺序。1月后复查血清AFP、肝脏CT增强扫描及肝动脉造影（DSA）检查。随诊12个月。结果：治疗前AFP〉400ng/ml,治疗后下降〉50%者83.9%（26/31）;肝脏CT增强扫描及DSA造影提示：肿瘤完全坏死50.0%（20/40）;不完全坏死27.5%（11/40）;部分坏死22.5%（8/40）。6个月、12个月生存率分别为91.0%和76%。治疗中、 治疗后未发生严重并发症。结论：氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌疗效确切,不良作用少。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合射频消融（RFA）治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效。方法62例具有介入治疗指征的中晚期肝癌患者随机均分为2组,对照组31例单独行TACE治疗,观察组31例行TACE联合RFA治疗。比较观察2组的临床疗效及AFP水平。结果观察组总有效率为87．1％,高于对照组的51．6％（P〈0．05）。观察组术后AFP水平明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。随访24个月各时期的生存率观察组均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论TACE联合RFA治疗中晚期肝癌安全、可靠,可提高患者生存率,延长患者生存时间,疗效优于单独应用TACE。     

基于倾向性评分匹配法的经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合高强度聚焦超声治疗肝癌的生存情况分析

背景与目的：经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization，TACE）目前仍为非手术治疗肝癌的首选方法，高强度聚焦超声（high intensity-focused ultrasound，HIFU）也在原发性肝癌的治疗中取得了一定疗效，而两者联用的效果尚不明确。该研究旨在探讨TACE联合HIFU与单纯TACE两种方法治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法：采用回顾性分析方法，选取重庆医科大学附属第二医院2015年1月—2016年8月收治的121例原发性肝癌患者的临床资料，按照临床所用不同治疗方案分成两组，即HIFU组（TACE联合组HIFU）及TACE组（单纯TACE组），HIFU组患者55例，TACE组患者66例。对资料进行倾向性匹配，比较倾向性匹配前后两组患者治疗后的临床疗效及不良反应，同时比较两组随访1年后的生存率、无进展生存期等的差异。结果：使用倾向性评分匹配法对两组间的协变量进行平衡，匹配前是否有癌栓、甲胎蛋白（alpha-fetoprotein，AFP）水平在两组间的不均衡，在匹配以后达到了均衡。匹配之后，HIFU组1年生存率为94.0%，明显高于TACE组的75.0%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），而无进展生存期组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：相比于单纯TACE治疗，TACE联合HIFU治疗可延长原发性肝癌患者1年生存率。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.