保留髌下脂肪垫对全膝关节置换预后的影响

目的探讨在初次全膝关节置换中,对髌下脂肪垫保留,并予以原位缝合对早期手术切口愈合的影响。 方法选取阜阳市第二人民医院2015至2017年237例(283膝)行初次膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎患者,对术后切口情况进行回顾性分析。其中109例(124膝)保留髌下脂肪垫(保留组),128例(159膝)切除髌下脂肪垫(切除组)。分别观察术中出血量、术后24 h引流量、手术时间、术后72 h内疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、美国膝关节协会评分系统(AKS)的膝评分、术后关节功能、切口愈合情况以及术后随访2年髌前痛的发生率。计量资料采用独立样本t检验两组间比较,计数资料采用卡方检验。 结果术中出血量、术后24 h引流量、术后72 h内疼痛评分、AKS评分、关节功能、髌前痛发生率两组间无差异。保留组术后出现切口并发症(伤口术后持续渗血超过3 d)的患者2例(1.6%),切除组术后出现切口并发症患者13例(8.2%),两组术后出现切口并发症的概率两组差异有统计学意义(χ²＝5.544,P<0.05),单、双侧膝关节置换手术时间保留组分别为(84±15)min和(144±13)min,切除组分别为(74±13)min和(133±15)min,保留组明显长于切除组,两组差异有统计学意义(单侧t＝5.746,P<0.05,双侧t＝6.463,P<0.05)。 结论膝关节骨关节炎行初次全膝关节置换术中采用切开原位缝合髌下脂肪垫的方法,可较完整保留脂肪垫,且不影响手术操作,虽然增加了手术时间,但明显降低了术后切口并发症的发生率。     

Hoffa's fat pad resection in total knee arthroplasty

The authors have studied the consequences of resection of Hoffa's fat pad during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Sixty eight patients undergoing primary TKA were randomised to have Hoffa's fat pad either resected or preserved. Biopsy specimens of Hoffa's fat pad were taken for pathological study in all patients. Radiological, functional and clinical evaluation was made after surgery, before discharge from hospital, after one month and after six months. Thirty six percent of the patients were found to present inflammatory infiltration of Hoffa's fat pad, and severe fibrosis was found in 33 %. A progressive decrease in postoperative anterior knee pain was found in 95% of the patients in both groups. Hoffa's fat pad resection did not appear to result in a change in patellar tendon length during the first six months after TKA. Preoperative fibrosis of Hoffa's fat pad may play a role in postoperative pain and range of motion.     

微创全膝关节置换术研究进展

现代膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)始于20世纪70年代,在过去三十多年的时间里,手术的方法与技术得到了长足的发展,且不断趋于精细与可靠.     

全膝关节置换术后切口并发症的危险因素分析

目的回顾性研究全膝关节置换术(TKA)术后切口并发症的高危因素。 方法2014年10月至2017年9月在中山大学附属第一医院就诊,因符合膝关节骨关节炎及类风湿性骨关节炎诊断标准及手术适应证,行初次全膝关节置换术的患者共620人(738膝),其中55人(55膝)发生了术后切口并发症,分别采用两样本t检验、χ²检验及logistic回归分析回顾性分析病因、性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病等相关临床因素,从中寻找导致TKA术后切口出现并发症的高危因素。 结果术后切口并发症的发生率约7.45%,经单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析后,身体质量指数(BMI)过高、既往吸烟病史及术后使用抗凝药均是TKA术后发生切口并发症的重要危险因素,其比值比(OR)分别为1.199、3.119、2.684(P<0.05)。 结论BMI值过高、既往吸烟史及术后使用抗凝药均是TKA术后发生切口并发症的高危因素,术后应密切观察这些患者的切口情况。对于术后使用抗凝药物的患者,围手术期应注意评估药物预防静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)、出血及发生切口并发症的风险,及时调整治疗方案。     

在全膝关节置换术中保留和切除髌下脂肪垫对髌腱长度的影响

目的 研究在初次全膝关节置换术中,保留和切除髌下脂肪垫对髌腱长度的影响.方法 将67例骨性关节炎患者(99膝),分为A、B两组.A组为保留髌下脂肪垫组(51膝),B组为切除髌下脂肪垫组(48膝).拍摄膝关节X-ray侧位片:患者仰卧位,半屈膝(＞30°),并确认髌腱为紧张状态.于膝关节侧位片上定位髌骨下极髌腱附丽点和胫骨结节上方凹陷,测量其两点直线长度,即为髌腱长度.测量术前及术后随访时髌腱的长度.结果 A组术前及术后随访时髌腱的长度差异无统计学意义,B组术前及术后随访时髌腱的长度差异有统计学意义(t检验,P=0.0083).结论 在全膝关节置换术中,切除髌下脂肪垫是引起髌腱短缩的重要因素之一,已成为全膝关节置换术后的潜在的、难以察觉的并发症.     

髌下脂肪垫切除对全膝关节置换预后的影响

目的：探讨髌下脂肪垫（infrapatellar fat pad, IPFP）的保留或切除对全膝关节置换术预后的影响。方法对2014年1月至2015年4月于我院就诊的110例（118膝）膝骨关节炎患者进行随机对照研究,采用随机数字表法将其随机分入IPFP切除组和IPFP保留组,各59膝。记录并比较两组患者术前及术后1个月、1年时的改良Insall?Salvati指数和美国膝关节协会（American Knee Society, AKS）评分系统膝评分。结果两组患者组内术后1个月、术后1年的改良Insall?Salvati指数分别与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,但AKS膝评分均较术前改善,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;两组患者术前、术后1个月、术后1年的改良Insall?Salvati指数及AKS膝评分组间相比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。IPFP切除组有2例切口远端渗出,愈合不良,经定期换药,术后3周愈合,1例术后1年有膝前痛;IPFP保留组切口均愈合良好,4例术后1年随访时有膝前痛。结论切除IPFP对全膝关节置换术后膝关节功能无明显影响,可予以切除以增加术野暴露或部分切除以保护“密集血管区”。     

微创人工全膝关节表面置换术治疗创伤性膝关节炎的疗效观察

目的对创伤性膝关节炎患者采用微创人工全膝关节表面置换术治疗,术后观察其临床疗效。方法自2006年4月～2009年3月采用微创人工全膝关节表面置换术治疗创伤性膝关节炎共22例22膝,根据KSS评分标准,对术后随访患者进行评分以观察临床疗效。结果 22例术后均获得随访,随访36.0～71.0个月,平均48.6个月,未出现手术切口感染、膝关节假体松动、下沉等相关并发症。在最终的随访中,膝关节评分82～99分,平均90分;功能评分78～94分,平均85分;膝关节屈曲度95°～130°,平均115°;膝关节伸直度0°～5°,平均3°。结论对于创伤性膝关节炎患者,采用微创人工全膝关节表面置换术治疗术后临床疗效令人满意。     

Patellar complications after total knee arthroplasty

Summary. One hundred total knee arthroplasties implanted between 1989 and 1993 in 70 women and 30 men (average age 67.4 years) have been retrospectively reviewed. Six late patellar complications occurred: two fractures, two subluxations, one dislocation and one loosening. Four had a further operation. The patient’s age, type of implant, lateral patellar release, thickness of the implant and the final range of movement were studied. Complications have been more common in men (8.7%) than women (5.2%) with a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). This may be because men make a greater functional demand on their arthroplasties. No other factors were relevant.

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Résumé. Nous avons analysé 100 arthroplasties totales de genou implantées entre 1989 et 1993 à des patients avec un age moyen de 67,4 ans, dont soixante-sept femmes et trente-trois hommes. Nous avons trouvé six complications patellaires tardives dont la classification est la suivante: deux fractures de rotule, une mobilisation par déterioration des pivots d’ancrage, deux subluxations et une luxation. Quatre de ces malades ont été réopérés et les deux autres ont suivi un traitement par réeducation. Nous avons étudié les possibles facteurs qui favorisent ces complications. Ni l’age, ni le genre d’implant, ni la libération du rétinaculum patellaire, ni la grosseur de la rotule, ni l’arc de mobilité finale n’ont exercé une influence sur l’apparition de complications patellaires. Par contre celles-ci ont été plus fréquentes parmi les hommes (8.7%) que parmi les femmes (5,2%) avec une différence statistiquement significative (p <0.05). Il se peut que cela soit d? aux plus grandes demandes que les hommes exigent de l’arthroplastie.

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Accepted: 18 May 1995     

Patellar tendon length after knee arthroplasty with and without preservation of the infrapatellar fat pad

Our aim was to assess whether there was any significant difference in change in patellar tendon length after knee arthroplasty, when the infrapatellar fat pad was either preserved or excised. Three-year radiographic follow-up was studied on 73 primary knee arthroplasty patients. The infrapatellar fat pad was completely preserved in 38 cases and completely excised in 35. At 3 years there was a significant patellar tendon shortening of 4.2% (P = .0004) in the fat pad excision group and no significant change in the fat pad preservation group (P = .82). The difference between the 2 groups was significant (P = .004). Our results show that patella tendon length does not always shorten after knee arthroplasty and that preservation of the infrapatellar fat pad may be a factor in preventing such shortening.     

Minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty: pitfalls and complications

Despite reports of complications, there has been tremendous interest in using minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Over the past 10 years, we have used an MIS approach for all TKAs. In the study described here, we examined the complications of the first 1000 of these TKAs. These cases involved a minimal incision (mean, 10 cm), a quadriceps muscle-sparing approach, and a non-patellar-everting technique. The complications assessed included manipulations, reoperations, and component revisions. We also analyzed for deviations in radiographic alignment or radiographic failures. There were 45 clinical complications-25 manipulations under anesthesia, 12 arthroscopic procedures for painful patellofemoral crepitus (mostly for an initially nonvisualized retained lateral band), and 8 operative explorations for various component problems. Radiographically, there were 3 impending component failures-2 tibial and 1 femoral. Excluding manipulations, there was a significant decrease in operative complication rate from the first 200 cases (6.0%) to the next 800 cases (1.0%), with overall complication rates similar to those of a control cohort treated with traditional surgical techniques. From this analysis, the major concern was potential tibial component loosening, which may be related to decreased exposure and possibly poor cement pressurization. Despite the low complication rate, this study yielded insights into further potential improvements in using this MIS technique for TKAs.     

Aseptic complications after total knee arthroplasty.

Aseptic complications after total knee arthroplasty are occurring less frequently than they did one or two decades ago. This is related in part to technical advancements, design improvements, and changes in perioperative management. Extensor mechanism dysfunction is the most frequent complication and the most commonly cited reason for secondary surgery after total knee arthroplasty. Mechanical wear, tibiofemoral instability, periprosthetic fracture, thromboembolic disease, compromised wound healing, neurovascular problems, and stiffness are less common, but nevertheless troublesome, sources of dysfunction after total knee arthroplasty. Complications compromise outcomes, and the most effective way of dealing with complications is prevention.     

Persistent wound drainage after primary total knee arthroplasty

A retrospective review of 597 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) (546 primary and 51 revision cases) was undertaken to define the role and management of persistent postoperative wound drainage and its relationship to possible subsequent joint sepsis. Eight patients with persistent postoperative wound drainage were identified. The follow-up period averaged 4.3 years. These eight patients represent a 1.3% overall incidence of persistent drainage and only 0.5% with the “parent” group of primary TKAs. These very low incidences of wound drainage contrast markedly with the reported 17–50% incidence in the history of those patients who presented for treatment of established knee arthroplasty infections. Such high frequencies observed by the authors and published elsewhere suggested an important relationship between established knee arthroplasty infection and a history of previous prolonged wound drainage. Because of an initial suspicion that persistent drainage needs to be treated specifically, irrigation and debridement were undertaken in all of the eight cases reported. This secondary procedure occurred at an average of 12.5 days after the initial operation. Twenty-five percent of patients proved to have a positive joint culture at the time of irrigation and debridement, although all cases were treated successfully with adjuvant antibiotics. The success of reopening without introducing infection is of particular note. No morbidity from early irrigation and debridement was experienced, and the authors recommend this procedure for wounds that drain persistently after TKA. The authors hypothesize that recognizing this potential and acting upon it may prevent some chronic drainage problems from becoming true, established infections. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of clinical experience dealing specifically with the issue of active intervention for these problems. Furthermore, this intervention appears to be successful.     

股内侧肌下入路全膝关节置换术初步观察研究

[目的]探讨股内侧肌下入路小切口微创全膝关节置换术的优点、风险及手术要点。[方法]自2005年4月-2006年12月本院共行全膝关节置换术204例（344膝），其中传统切口（convention incision，CI）置换组146例（246膝），经股内侧肌下入路微创（minimally invasive，MIS）置换组58例（98膝），均采用Zimmer公司NEXGEN-LPS人工全膝关节，记录麻醉时间、手术时间、住院时间；比较患者术后第一次下地时间，不同时间阶段行走距离、膝关节主动活动度、手术前后HSS评分以及手术并发症情况。[结果]204例均获随访，时间4—7个月（平均5个月），微创组和对照组麻醉时间、切口长度、手术时间、住院时间、下地时间比较差异均有统计学意义（u检验，P〈0．05），微创组麻醉时间、手术时间均大于对照组，切口长度、住院时间、下地时间均小于对照组。术后24h、1周、1月行走距离两组之间存在显著性差异（u检验，P〈0．05），术后3个月行走距离两组之间无显著性差异（u检验，P〉0．05）。术后24h、1周、2周非负重主动活动度两组之间存在显著性差异（u检验，P〈0．05），术后1个月行走距离两组之间无显著性差异（u检验，P〉0．05）。HSS评分术后24h、1周、2周膝关节HSS评分两组之间存在显著性差异（u检验，P〈0．05），术后1月HSS评分两组之间无显著性差异（u检验，P〉0．05）。[结论]股内侧肌下入路小切口微创全膝关节置换术股四头肌损伤小，术后膝关节主动活动时间较早，膝关节功能恢复较快，术后远期步行距离、膝关节非负重主动活动度及HSS评分两者无明显差别。