p38MAPK在脂多糖诱导的人内皮细胞表达诱导型一氧化氮合酶中的作用

目的：研究P38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶（P38MAPK）在脂多糖（LPS）诱导的人内皮细胞－ECV304诱导一氧化氮合酶（iNOS)表达的一氧化氮（NO）产生中的作用，方法：用Griess法检测人内皮细胞培养液中NO水平，分别用免疫荧光法和RT－PCR检测细胞iNOS蛋白和mRNA的表达，采用免疫沉淀法检测细胞p38MAPK的活性，结果：与对照组相比，LPS刺激后的ECV304细胞iNOS蛋白和mRNA的表达显著增加，用p38特异性抑制剂SB2023580预处理后，可以显著抑制细胞iNOS的表达和NO的产生，LPS 刺激内皮细胞后15min,p38MAPK的活性达到高峰，维持45min后逐渐下降，结论：p38MAPK参与与LPS诱导的内皮细胞iNOS的表达和NO的产生，可通过阻断信号转导通路来减少iNOS及其他细胞因子的产生，为败血症休克的防治提供一条新的思路。     

p38 MAPK在脂多糖诱导的人内皮细胞表达诱导型一氧化氮合酶中的作用

目的研究p38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)在脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人内皮细胞－ECV304诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达和一氧化氮(NO)产生中的作用。方法用Griess法检测人内皮细胞培养液中NO水平,分别用免疫荧光法和 RT－PCR检测细胞 iNOS蛋白和mRNA的表达,采用免疫沉淀法检测细胞 p38 MAPK的活性。结果 与对照组相比,LPS刺激后的BCV304细胞iNOS蛋白和mRNA的表达显著增加,用p38特异性抑制剂SB203580预处理后,可以显著抑制细胞 iNOS的表达和NO的产生。LPS刺激内皮细胞后15 min,p38 MAPK的活性达到高峰,维持45 min后逐渐下降。结论p38MAPK参与了LPS诱导的内皮细胞iNOS的表达和NO的产生;可通过阻断信号转导通路来减少iNOS及其他细胞因子的产生,为败血症休克的防治提供一条新的思路。     

三七皂苷FC通过MAPK/NF-κB途径抑制RAW264.7细胞炎症及凋亡的机制研究

目的:基于丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)途径探讨三七皂苷FC对RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症及凋亡的作用机制。方法:(1)采用不同浓度的三七皂苷FC(0、1、10、20、50、100μmol/L)分别干预RAW264.7细胞和脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞,CCK8法检测细胞活力,筛选合适的药物浓度。(2)将RAW264.7细胞分为对照组、LPS组、LPS+三七皂苷FC低剂量(20μmol/L)组和LPS+三七皂苷FC高剂量(50μmol/L)组。先给予相应剂量的三七皂苷FC预处理6 h,再加入1μg/ml LPS。干预24 h后,PCR检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)mRNA表达;Western blot检测TNF-α、iNOS、p38MAPK、磷酸化p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)、NF-κB p65、磷酸化NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)蛋白表达;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;免疫荧光检测NF-κB核转位;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移。结果:(1)20、50μmol/L三七皂苷FC干预24 h后,LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞活力较对照组无显著差异(P0.05),用于后续实验。(2)与LPS组相比,低、高剂量的三七皂苷FC作用后,TNF-α、IL-6、iNOS、IL-1β的mRNA表达显著降低(P0.05,P0.01);TNF-α、iNOS蛋白表达明显降低(P0.05),p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65和p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK蛋白表达比值显著下调(P0.05,P0.01);细胞凋亡率显著降低(P0.05,P0.01);细胞核内NF-κB p65蛋白表达减少,阳性表达细胞数占比显著降低(P0.05);细胞迁移数显著减少(P0.01)。结论:三七皂苷FC能够显著改善LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应,减少炎症因子的释放,抑制巨噬细胞凋亡和迁移,其作用机制可能与下调MAPK/NF-κB通路磷酸化水平及抑制NF-κB核转位有关。     

CaM抑制剂对LPS/IFN-γ诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO生成及iNOS表达的影响

目的观察钙调蛋白(Calmodulin,CaM)抑制剂对脂多糖/干扰素γ(LPS/IFN-γ)诱导的RAW264.7细胞一氧化氮(NO)的生成及诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的作用及其可能的作用机制。方法采用LPS/IFN-γ诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞建立细胞炎症反应模型,钙调蛋白抑制剂(W-7,TFP)预处理细胞后,采用Griess试剂法测定NO释放量;采用Western blot法测定目的蛋白的表达;采用反转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)分析iNOS mRNA表达的变化。结果 CaM抑制剂可抑制LPS/IFN-γ诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO的释放(P<0.01);可抑制iNOS蛋白和mRNA的表达,早期可抑制IκBα的降解、磷酸化IKK(PIKK)和STAT1的蛋白(PSTAT1)表达。结论 CaM抑制剂可明显降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO、iNOS蛋白和mRNA表达;可以通过抑制IκBα降解和磷酸化IKK蛋白表达而发挥抗炎作用。     

氧化苦参碱对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞一氧化氮及其诱导型合酶表达的影响

目的：观察氧化苦参碱（OMT））对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的RAW 264.7细胞一氧化氮（NO）释放量及诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达的影响。方法：采用LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞建立细胞炎症反应模型。实验分组：空白对照组、LPS组（1μg/mL）、OMT组（100μmol/L）、LPS＋OMT小剂量组（20μmol/L）、LPS＋OMT中剂量组（50μmol/L）、LPS＋OMT大剂量组（100μmol/L）。采用Griess试剂法测定细胞培养液中NO释放量。采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法测定RAW 264.7细胞iNOS mRNA的表达。结果：OMT显著减少LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞NO的释放（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;同时减少LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞iNOS mRNA的表达（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：OMT可能通过抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞iNOS mRNA表达,减少NO的释放量而发挥抗炎作用。     

乌司他丁对脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞NO释放和iNOSmRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨乌司他丁对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW 264.7细胞一氧化氮(NO)释放和诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS mRNA)表达的影响。方法 应用LPS激活RAW264.7细胞株,与不同浓度组乌司他丁(100～10000U/ml)共同孵育,Griess试剂法测定NO释放量;实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术分析iNOS mRNA的表达。结果 高浓度的乌司他丁(1000～10000U/ml)能抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO的表达(P<0.05),下调iNOS mRNA含量(P<0.05);低浓度乌司他丁(100U/ml)对LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞NO、iNOS mRNA表达与LPS单独处理组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 高浓度乌司他丁抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞NO释放和iNOS mRNA表达,这种抑制与浓度相关。     

p38 MAPK信号通路在LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞表达sTREM-1中的作用

目的探讨p38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)信号通路在脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞表达可溶性髓样细胞触发受体1(s TREM-1)中的作用。方法培养小鼠巨噬细胞株RAW264.7,采用相同浓度的LPS在不同时间诱导RAW264.7细胞,应用Western blot法分别检测p38MAPK与磷酸化p38 MAPK(p-p38MAPK)蛋白表达水平,RT-PCR法检测p38 MAPK mRNA表达水平,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测细胞培养上清液中s TREM-1表达水平。用不同浓度p38 MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580处理细胞,观察上述指标的变化。结果 LPS可呈时间依赖性诱导RAW264.7细胞p-p38 MAPK和p38 MAPK mRNA的表达;SB203580可呈浓度依赖性抑制p-p38 MAPK和p38 MAPK mRNA的表达;SB203580阻断p38 MAPK信号转导通路后,LPS对s TREM-1表达的诱导作用受到显著抑制,并且具有剂量依赖性。结论 LPS通过p38 MAPK信号通路诱导RAW264.7细胞表达s TREM-1。     

TNF-α 通过 p38 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路对小胶质细胞HMGB1 表达的调控作用

目的：观察P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,p38 MAPK)抑制剂SB203580对 TNF-α诱导的原代培养大鼠小胶质细胞高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group protein B1,HMGB1)表达的影响。方法： 采用原代培养大鼠小胶质细胞,设立对照组、TNF-α组(25 ng/mL)、TNF-α(25 ng/mL)+SB 203580组(10 μmol/L)、SB 203580组(10 μmol/L),各组细胞经药物处理16 h后分别用ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中HMGB1的表达情况,Western 印迹检测细胞HMGB1和磷酸化p38MAPK表达情况,用反转录PCR检测HMGB1 mRNA表达。结果：经TNF-α刺激 后,大鼠小胶质细胞及其培养上清液中HMGB1蛋白表达增高;SB 203580可抑制TNF-α诱导的磷酸化p38 MAPK表达 (P<0.01),同时下调HMGB1mRNA和HMGB1蛋白的表达。结论：TNF-α可诱导小胶质细胞晚期炎症因子HMGB1的表 达,并且其诱导机制与p38 MAPK被快速激活相关。     

依达拉奉干预LPS介导原代小胶质细胞的激活实验

目的 探索依达拉奉 (edaravone, EDA) 对脂多糖 (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 介导原代小胶质细胞 (Microglia) 激活后的一氧化氮 (nitric oxide, NO) 调控作用.方法 麻醉SD大鼠新生鼠断头取脑, 消化离心等实验方法完成混合胶质细胞的原代培养, 通过生物摇床方法分离、纯化小胶质细胞.利用Griess法检测一氧化氮释放量.结果 通过荧光方法鉴定小胶质细胞的纯化可达到95%以上, 与对照组 (Control) 相比, LPS介导小胶质细胞后激活可见NO浓度显著上升 (P<0.05) , 建模成功;用EDA预处理原代小胶质细胞24 h后, LPS介导的NO下调, 与LPS单独组比较, 差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05) .同时, EDA先预处理24 h, MAPK inhibitor (丝裂原活化蛋白激酶抑制剂) 预处理30 min, 10 ng/m L LPS介导小胶质细胞16 h, NO释放量显著降低, 差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05) .结论 EDA单独应用可抑制LPS介导原代小胶质细胞激活后NO的释放量;EDA同时加用MAPK信号传递通路抑制剂, 加强了EDA减轻LPS介导小胶质细胞激活NO产生.EDA可能与p38MAPK、JNK、ERK信号传导通路抑制剂协同抑制LPS介导的原代小胶质细胞激活有关.     

替米沙坦对脂多糖诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞炎症通路的影响

目的 研究替米沙坦对脂多糖诱导3T1-L1脂肪细胞炎症通路的影响,探讨替米沙坦的抗炎机制.方法将3T3-L1脂肪细胞诱导至90%成熟,按随机数字表法分为6组:对照组、LPS组、LPS+替米沙坦(0.01、0.1、1和10μg/ml)组(n=18),向对照组细胞中加DMSO,LPS+替米沙坦组细胞中加入不同浓度替米沙坦,孵育2h后,LPS组和LPS+替米沙坦组再加入脂多糖(1 μg/ml),孵育1h,Western免疫印记法比较各组核蛋白NF-κBp65、总蛋白p-IκBα、IκBα、p-ERK1/2、ERK1/2、P-p38MAPK、p38 MAPK的表达水平.结果 脂多糖刺激后IκBα磷酸化蛋白表达增强(P＜0.05),细胞核内NF-κBp65蛋白表达增多(P＜0.05),MAPK通路相关蛋白ERK1/2磷酸化和p38MAPK磷酸化水平明显增强(P＜0.05),替米沙坦可抑制IκBα磷酸化和NF-κBp65核转位,p-IκBα蛋白表达和核蛋白NF-κBp65表达均降低,大剂量替米沙坦(10 μg/ml)作用时该作用明显(P＜0.05).替米沙坦干预后,p-ERK1/2和p-p38MAPK蛋白表达也受到明显抑制(P＜0.05),大剂量(10μg/ml)时作用明显(P＜0.05).结论 在3T3-L1脂肪细胞中,替米沙坦可以抑制NF-κB通路中IκBα蛋白磷酸化、NF-κBp65蛋白核转位以及MAPK通路中ERK1/2蛋白和p38MAPK蛋白的磷酸化,从而发挥抗炎作用.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.