CUEDC2与多发性骨髓瘤细胞糖皮质激素敏感性的相关性

目的探讨CUEDC2与多发性骨髓瘤(MM)细胞糖皮质激素敏感性的关系。方法培养U266、RPMI8226细胞至铺满培养瓶80%以上时进行传代,取对数生长期U266、RPMI8226细胞,分别以1×105L~(-1)的密度接种于96孔培养板,将U266、RPMI8226细胞分别分为对照组(未经药物处理)和地塞米松(DEX)组(DEX终质量浓度分别为50、75、100、150、200 mg·L~(-1))、N-乙酰基-L-亮氨酰-L-亮氨酰-L-正亮氨酸(ALLN)组(ALLN终质量浓度为25、50、125、250 mg·L~(-1))、ALLN+DEX组(25 mg·L~(-1)ALLN+50 mg·L~(-1)DEX),采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测U266、RPMI8226细胞增殖抑制率,聚合酶链式反应法检测U266、RPMI8226细胞内CUEDC2 mRNA表达。结果 DEX和ALLN对U266、RPMI8226细胞增殖均有抑制作用,随着DEX、ALLN质量浓度增加,抑制作用逐渐增强(P <0. 05)。DEX对RPMI8226和U266细胞的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为(68. 25±3. 81)、(95. 92±4. 92) mg·L~(-1),DEX对RPMI8226细胞的IC50显著低于U266细胞(P <0. 05)。ALLN对RPMI8226和U266细胞的IC50分别为(122. 50±4. 46)、(112. 70±11. 03) mg·L~(-1),ALLN对RPMI8226和U266细胞的IC50比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。ALLN+DEX组U266、RPMI8226细胞增殖抑制率高于DEX组(50 mg·L~(-1))和ALLN组(25 mg·L~(-1))(P <0. 05),ALLN组(25 mg·L~(-1)) U266细胞增殖抑制率高于DEX组(50 mg·L~(-1))(P <0. 05),ALLN组(25 mg·L~(-1))与DEX组(50 mg·L~(-1)) RPMI8226细胞增殖抑制率比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05); DEX组(50 mg·L~(-1)) RPMI 8226细胞增殖抑制率高于U266细胞(P <0. 05),ALLN组(25 mg·L~(-1))、ALLN+DEX组RPMI 8226细胞与U266细胞增殖抑制率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。DEX组与对照组U266和RPMI8226细胞中CUEDC2 mRNA表达比较差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05),ALLN组、ALLN+DEX组U266和RPMI8226细胞中CUEDC2 mRNA表达低于对照组和DEX组(P <0. 05),ALLN+DEX组与ALLN组U266和RPMI8226细胞中CUEDC2 mRNA表达比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05),对照组、DEX组U266细胞中CUEDC2 mRNA表达高于RPMI8226细胞(P <0. 05),ALLN组、ALLN+DEX组U266细胞与RPMI8226细胞中CUEDC2 mRNA表达比较差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。结论 CUEDC2表达可能与MM细胞对糖皮质激素敏感性有关,高表达CUEDC2的MM细胞对DEX的敏感性较差,抑制CUEDC2表达可提高MM细胞对DEX的敏感性。     

RNA干扰骨髓基质细胞和/或骨髓瘤细胞APE1表达对共培养骨髓瘤细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的 探讨RNA干扰骨髓基质细胞(bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs)及骨髓瘤细胞株U266 APE1表达对共培养的U266细胞增殖、凋亡的影响.方法 将构建的APE1 siRNA表达载体分别导入BMSCs及U266细胞中.Western blot法检测2种细胞中APE1蛋白表达;2株细胞经APE1 siRNA处理后采用Transwell插入式培养皿构建BMSCs与骨髓瘤细胞共培养模型,采用MTT法、Annexin V-PE/7-AAD双染法、RT-PCR分别检测U266细胞增殖、凋亡及细胞中IL-6/IL-8 mRNA表达水平.结果 APE1 siRNA 可明显降低BMSCs及U266细胞APE1蛋白表达,与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);在APE1 siRNA同时处理BMSCs和U266细胞后的共培养体系中,U266细胞增殖抑制及细胞凋亡明显高于单一细胞APE1敲低组及APE1 siRNA末处理组(P＜0.01);U266细胞中IL-6及IL-8 mRNA表达水平亦降低(P＜0.01).结论 抑制APE1在BMSCs和/或骨髓瘤细胞株U266的表达,可明显抑制共培养体系中U266细胞的增殖活性并促进其凋亡.     

炎症因子IL-1β和TNF-α可通过骨髓间充质干细胞降低多西环素对骨髓瘤细胞株H929的细胞毒性作用

目的：骨髓来源的间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）在骨髓微环境中参与骨髓瘤细胞的耐药性。本实验旨在通过体外实验,研究炎症因子处理的骨髓间充质干细胞在与骨髓瘤细胞株H929共培养条件下,是否影响多西环素（Doxycycline,DOX）对人骨髓瘤细胞株的细胞毒性作用,并初步探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：分别采用CCK8法和流式细胞术（FCM）,检测肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-ɑ或白细胞介素（IL）-1β预处理的人骨髓MSC,与H929细胞共培养过程中,DOX对H929细胞增殖和凋亡的影响;采用FCM和实时聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测IL-1β或TNF-α处理后,骨髓MSC的血管细胞粘附因子VCAM-1表达;Western Blot方法用于检测在DOX存在时,不同处理的骨髓MSC作为共培养饲养层细胞的条件下,H929细胞经DOX药物处理后p-Erk1/2变化。结果：DOX可抑制骨髓瘤细胞株H929的增殖并诱导其凋亡。人骨髓MSC与H929共培养可以减少DOX对H929的细胞毒性作用,而经IL-1β或TNF-α预处理的人骨髓MSC再与H929共培养,则可以进一步降低DOX的细胞毒性作用。人骨髓MSC经IL-1β或TNF-α处理后,其VCAM-1的mRNA转录水平和细胞表面蛋白表达水平均升高。经炎症因子预处理的骨髓MSC与H929共培养后,可以降低DOX对骨髓瘤细胞株p-Erk1/2的下调作用。结论：DOX在体外对骨髓瘤细胞株表现出剂量和时间依赖性的细胞毒性作用;而炎症因子IL-1β和TNF-α可以通过骨髓MSC来间接拮抗DOX对H929的细胞毒性作用;IL-1β和TNF-α的这一作用的机制可能与上调骨髓MSC的VCAM-1表达与下调p-Erk1/2有关。     

与骨髓瘤细胞共培养时对骨髓间充质细胞表达DKK1和HGF的影响

目的:研究缺铁性贫血患者骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)在与骨髓瘤细胞株U266共培养过程中.骨髓瘤细胞对MSCs DKK1和HGF表达的影响.方法:将体外培养的骨髓MSCs,在Transwell的条件下与骨髓瘤细胞株U266共培养后.检测骨髓MSCs的生长、培养液上清中肿瘤坏...     

骨髓瘤细胞可诱导骨髓间充质干细胞的基因表达谱发生暂时和 (或)长期性改变

目的:正常骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)在与骨髓瘤细胞相互作用过程中,MSC的全基因表达谱的改变目前尚未有报道,本研究就对此进行研究并进一步探索多发性骨髓瘤的发病机制。方法:正常人骨髓MSC与骨髓瘤细胞株在Transwell共培养体系培养前后,用全基因表达芯片检测MSC全基因mRNA的表达谱,比较正常MSC在与骨髓瘤细胞共培养(MC组)或共培养后去除骨髓瘤细胞后继续单独培养的MSC(MA组),和MSC单独培养的对照组(MK组)基因表达谱的变化。结果:MC组与MK组相比较,在所有分析的10 000个基因中共发现837个差异基因(837/10 000,8.37%),其中有472个基因表达上调(472/837,56.39%),365个基因表达下调(365/837,43.61%)。而MA组与MK组相比较,共发现367个差异基因,其中有218个基因表达上调(218/367,59.40%),149个基因表达下调(149/367,40.60%)。从芯片结果中筛选出MMP1、FGFR2、ANGPTL4、MFAP5、TGM2、STC1、CCL7和IL-32这8个基因,经定量PCR验证后的结果与基因芯片结果相一致。结论:骨髓瘤细胞可以诱导正常骨髓MSC多种基因表达改变,并且有些改变即使在骨髓MSC脱离骨髓瘤细胞后仍可存在;此外,初步筛选到8个差异表达基因,其中7个基因在多发性骨髓瘤发病机制中的作用既往未见报道,有待今后进一步研究。     

硼替佐米联合AZD-1775对人多发性骨髓瘤细胞株凋亡的影响

目的 探讨硼替佐米联合WEE1激酶抑制剂AZD-1775对人多发性骨髓瘤(MM)细胞凋亡的影响。方法 培养RPMI8226和U266细胞，逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测WEE1 mRNA表达。采用随机数字表法将两种细胞分为对照组、AZD-1775组、硼替佐米组和联合处理组。AZD-1775组细胞加入AZD-1775(10μmol/L)孵育24 h;硼替佐米组细胞加入硼替佐米(20 nmol/L)孵育24 h;联合处理组细胞先加入硼替佐米(20 nmol/L)孵育24 h,再加入AZD-1775(10μmol/L)孵育24 h。采用肿瘤细胞成球实验检测不同处理对RPMI8226和U266细胞成球率影响；采用流式细胞术检测不同处理对RPMI8226和U266细胞凋亡率影响；采用Westen blot检测不同处理对RPMI8226细胞Bcl-2和Caspase-3蛋白表达影响。结果 RT-PCR检测显示，RPMI822和U266细胞均存在WEE1 mRNA表达。与对照组相比，AZD-1775组、硼替佐米组和联合处理组细胞球形成率均降低(P<0.05),而联合处理组细胞球形成率低于AZ...     

丙戊酸钠对骨髓瘤细胞DAP-K基因去甲基化及迁移、侵袭力影响的实验研究

目的 本研究探讨丙戊酸钠(valproic acid sodium,VPA)体外对骨髓瘤RPMI 8226细胞株死亡相关蛋白激酶(death-associated protein kinase,DAP-K)基因去甲基化的作用及对其迁移、侵袭力的影响.方法 丙戊酸钠组(1、2、4μmol/L)、PBS组、阴性对照组作用RPMI 8226细胞株24、72h后进行试验,MSP法检测各组骨髓瘤细胞处理前后DAP-K基因甲基化状态,半定量RT-PCR方法检测DAP-K基因表达,transwell迁移及matrigel侵袭试验分别检测丙戊酸钠对RPMI 8226细胞迁移及侵袭能力的影响,并对VPA处理后细胞DAP-K基因表达情况及其迁移及侵袭能力行相关性分析.结果 ①丙戊酸钠组2、4μmol/L在VPA作用72h后RPMI 8226细胞其DAP-K启动子有去甲基化表现;②丙戊酸钠组2、4μ.mol/L在VPA作用72h后DAP-K基因mRNA表达量增加;③2、4μmol/L丙戊酸钠处理后RPMI 8226细胞迁移能力及侵袭力较PBS组及阴性对照组降低,有统计学差异(P＜0.05);④VPA处理后RPMI 8226细胞DAP-K基因表达情况及其迁移及侵袭能力呈负相关.结论 丙戊酸钠可诱导骨髓瘤细胞株RPMI 8226细胞DAP-K基因启动子去甲基化,使DAP-K基因重新表达,并使迁移能力及侵袭力下降;VPA处理后RPMI 8226细胞DAP-K基因表达情况与其迁移与侵袭能力呈负相关.     

GPR37在骨髓瘤细胞黏附介导的耐药中的作用及意义

目的：研究G蛋白耦联受体37（orphan G protein-coupled receptor 37,GPR37）在细胞黏附介导的多发性骨髓瘤细胞耐药过程中的表达变化及其生物学作用.方法：采用多发性骨髓瘤细胞株RPMI 8226与纤黏蛋白（fibronectin,FN）或骨髓基质细胞株HS-5共培养构建细胞黏附模型.Western Blot检测GPR37分别在悬浮和黏附状态的RPMI 8226细胞中的蛋白表达水平.钙黄绿素实验检测改变GPR37的表达对RPMI 8226细胞黏附的影响,并采用化疗药物多柔比星处理细胞,CCK-8试剂盒检测上述处理对RPMI 8226细胞活力的影响.结果：Western Blot结果显示GPR37在RPMI 8226细胞黏附模型中低表达.钙黄绿素实验结果显示RPMI 8226细胞过表达GPR37后其黏附能力显著降低.CCK-8实验结果表明GPR37过表达能显著增强RPMI 8226细胞对化疗药物多柔比星的敏感性.结论：GPR37可能通过影响骨髓瘤细胞与基质细胞的黏附能力从而影响其对化疗药物的敏感性.     

中电导钙激活性钾通道在人多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖中的作用

目的 探讨中电导钙激活性钾通道(intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+channels,IKCa1)在人多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)细胞增殖中的作用.方法 通过台盼蓝拒染法检测IKCa1阻滞剂CLO对MM细胞株RPMI 8226和U266生存活力的影响,应用流式细胞仪检测CLO作用于RPMI 8226和U266细胞后细胞周期分布及细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)变化.结果 CLO以浓度依赖方式显著抑制RPMI 8226和U266细胞生长,10 μmoL/L CLO作用48 h后,RPMI 8226细胞和U266细胞周期明显被阻滞于G0/G1期,S期显著减少.10 μmol/L CLO作用1min后,RPMI 8226和U266细胞内Fluo-3/AM荧光强分别为(448.3 ±32.8)和(675.9 ±45.8),分别与对照组(56.5±7.2)和(31.8±4.5)相比具有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论 钙激活性钾通道阻断剂克霉唑抑制MM细胞增殖,其机制可能与CLO通过调节细胞内钙水平引起细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期有关.     

肿瘤坏死因子预处理的骨髓间充质干细胞对骨髓瘤细胞株H929集落形成能力及miRNA-15a/16等相关基因表达的影响

目的 :多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)表现有骨破坏和骨髓微环境的异常。近来发现MM患者的骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)有多种异常。既往研究发现经肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α预处理的骨髓MSC成骨分化潜能增强。本实验进一步研究TNF-α预处理的骨髓与骨髓瘤细胞株H929共培养后,对H929的影响。方法 :骨髓MSC经TNF-α单次(T+1组)或多次预处理(T+7组)后,与H929直接共培养3 d后,收集H929细胞分别检测其集落形成能力,定量RT-PCR检测POU5F1、SOX2和NANOG基因,以及微小RAN(miRNA)-15a/16的表达水平,并与对照组比较。结果:各组H929细胞均有POU5F1、SOX2、NANOG和miRNA-15a/16的检出。与对照组和T+1组相比较,T+7组的POU5F1和SOX2基因的表达水平下降且有统计学意义(P<0.05);miRNA-15a/16表达水平均上升且有统计学意义(P<0.05);CFU数减少且有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经TNF-α多次预处理的骨髓MSC与MM细胞相互作用后,抑制MM细胞作用更加明显,具体机制有待进一步研究。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.