体外循环中肺动脉灌注混合乌司他丁的低温含氧血和间断肺通气的肺保护作用

目的：观察持续肺动脉灌注4℃低温含氧血混和乌司他丁以及间断肺通气对体外循环（cardiopulmonarybypass,CPB）肺损伤的保护作用。方法：50例心脏手术及大血管手术患者随机分为肺保护组25例,对照组25例。CPB期间肺保护组经主肺动脉持续灌注4℃混和鸟司他丁的低温合氧血及给予间断肺通气;对照组常规进行心脏、大血管手术。分别在麻醉诱导期、转流结束即刻、转流结束后6、12、24小时取桡动脉血,应用放射免疫法测定肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-8（IL-8）水平;记录术后呼吸机支持时间。结果：术后肺保护组呼吸机支持时间明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）,2组患者在体外循环后TNF—α、IL-6和IL-8水平开始升高,24小时仍高于术前（P〈0．01）,但肺保护组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平上升幅度在各时间点均低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：经肺动脉持续灌注混和乌司他丁的低温含氧血及间断肺通气对CPB肺损伤有良好的保护作用。     

体外循环中含氧血持续肺动脉灌注的肺保护作用

目的：探讨体外循环（CPB）期间含氧血持续肺动脉灌注对心脏瓣膜置换患者的肺保护作用。方法：30例行二尖瓣置换术患者随机分为肺灌注组（n=15)，对照组（n=15)。肺灌注组患者CPB术中采用含氧血肺动脉持续灌注，对照组常规行二尖瓣置换术，未行肺动脉灌注。记录CPB时间、主动脉阻断时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间、ICU监护时间。分别于术前、CPB结束及术后0，6h测算氧合指数、肺静态顺应性变化。CPB停机后30min，取患者右上肺组织，观察组织形态学变化。结果：肺灌注组患者术后呼吸机辅助时间及ICU监护时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。肺灌注组患者CPB结束和术后0，6h的氧合指数及肺静态顺应性高于对照组（P<0.05）。肺组织活检病理结果显示，对照组肺间质水肿明显，肺间质大量炎性细胞浸润，肺灌注组无明显病理改变。结论：CPB术后存在肺损伤，CPB中含氧血持续肺动脉灌注可减轻肺损伤。     

乌司他丁用于肺动脉灌注后对肺功能的影响

目的：探讨肺动脉灌注含乌司他丁低温肺保护液后患者肺功能的影响。方法：择期二尖瓣置换手术病人60例,随机分成两组,每组30例,乌司他丁组（乌司他丁0．5万u／kg,加入4℃舍氧冷血灌注液中进行肺动脉根部灌注）;对照组（4℃合氧冷血灌注液进行肺动脉根部灌注）。检测体外循环（CPB）前、CPB后1／2、6h的肺泡氧和指数（OI）、呼吸指数（RI=A—aD02／Pa02）。结果：（1）体外循环后1／2h实验纽与对照组OI、RI差异无统计学意义,但较术前升高有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;（2）体外循环后6h实验组OI、RI组明显低于对照组,差异显著（P〈0．01）。结论：乌司他丁能通过抑制炎症因子TNF—a的产生,促进抗炎因子IL-10的释放,调整机体促炎系统及抗炎系统动态平衡,从而抑制白细胞的激活、肺内聚集,减轻体外循环后肺损伤和通气功能障碍,减轻肺损伤,改善术后肺功能。     

肺动脉灌注去白细胞肺保护液对体外循环肺的保护作用

目的 探讨肺动脉灌注去白细胞肺保护液对体外循环(CPB)肺的保护作用及其机制.方法 将30例CPB下行二尖瓣置换术患者随机分为3组:去白细胞肺保护组(A组)、普通肺保护组(B组)及对照组(C组),每组10例.A组CPB期间经肺动脉灌注低温去白细胞肺保护液;B组CPB期间经肺动脉灌注低温肺保护液,C组患者常规行瓣膜置换术.监测3组患者术中主动脉阻断时间、CPB时间、术前术后平均肺动脉压力(PAPm)、气道阻力(AR)及静态肺顺应性(CLS)的变化、术后呼吸机辅助时间、ICU监护时间和住院时间以及术后并发症发生情况等;测定3组患者CPB前和CPB后0、6、12、24 h血清丙二醛(MDA)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的变化.结果 3组患者手术顺利,均痊愈出院,无术后并发症.3组术中主动脉阻断时间、CPB时间、术后ICU监护时间、住院时间及CPB前血清MDA、IL-6、TNF-α含量比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);A、B组的术后呼吸机辅助时间、CPB后0、6、12、24 h呼吸指数(RI)、氧合指数(OI)、血清MDA、IL-6、TNF-α及术前、术后PAPm、CLS、AR变化与C组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);临床及生化指标在A、B组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 CPB期间肺动脉灌注去白细胞肺保护液可明显减轻CPB肺损伤,与单纯CPB期间经肺动脉灌注低温肺保护液比较,两者肺保护效果无明显差别.     

体外循环犬单肺缺血再灌注损伤模型的建立

目的 建立体外循环单肺缺血再灌注损伤动物模型.方法 6只健康杂种犬阻断左肺动脉,终止左肺血供及通气,造成左肺缺血,并循体外循环60 min后开放左肺动脉,恢复左肺血供及通气形成再灌注损伤,左肺再灌注2.5h后结束实验,右肺全程维持血供及通气.于CPB前（T1）、阻断左肺动脉并循60 min（T2）、再灌注2.5h（T3）三个时间点观察肺组织病理学变化并进行评分,对比肺动态顺应性（CD）、氧和指数（OI）、呼吸指数（RI）变化比例.结果 ①病理学变化：CPB后左、右肺组织见大量炎性细胞浸润,肺泡间隔增宽,肺泡壁断裂甚至坏死;左肺病理改变较右肺严重;②病理切片评分：CPB后左、右肺病理评分逐渐升高;T1时点左、右肺组织评分无差异,T2、T3时点左肺评分明显高于右肺;③CD、OI、RI变化比例：CPB后CD、OI明显下降,RI明显升高;左肺CD、OI下降程度、RI升高程度较右肺明显.结论 本实验动物模型建立成功,能全面地模拟临床心脏手术过程,对CPB肺保护相关研究有着积极的推动作用.     

低温洗涤红细胞肺保护液对体外循环术后肺保护作用的研究

目的:探讨体外循环(cardiopulmonarybypass,CPB)术中采用低温洗涤红细胞肺保护液实施肺动脉灌注对肺的保护效果。方法:随机选取20例风湿性单纯二尖瓣病变合并中度肺动脉高压的患者,分为肺动脉灌注组和对照组(每组各10例)。灌注组在主动脉阻断后,经肺动脉根部间断灌注低温洗涤红细胞肺保护液,测定两组患者围术期的机械通气时间、肺血管阻力、白细胞比值(静脉血/动脉血)、肺循环血浆MDA含量。结果:体外循环术后灌注组机械通气时间显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各时点肺血管阻力、白细胞比值(静脉血/动脉血)、肺循环血浆MDA含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:低温洗涤红细胞肺保护液肺动脉灌注对体外循环术后肺损伤有明显的保护作用.     

自体肺与人工肺体外循环对肺影响的对比研究

目的　探讨自体肺体外循环 (CPB)与人工肺CPB对肺的影响。方法　选择健康杂种犬 16只 ,体重 (15± 1)kg,随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组 ,利用杂种犬自体肺作为氧合器。对照组利用鼓泡肺作为氧合器 ,两组CPB均进行 1h ,CPB结束后 ,通过测量动脉血氧分压 ;右心房、左心房白细胞记数 ,并计算其比值 ;肺动脉压 ;肺标本病理学检查 ,了解肺损伤的情况。自体肺组在整个CPB期间连续监测肺动脉压。结果　自体肺组CPB后右心房、左心房白细胞比值、肺动脉压低于人工肺组 ;动脉血氧分压高于人工肺组 ,自体肺组在整个CPB过程中 ,肺动脉压低于 2 0mmHg,且肺动脉压维持平稳。肺标本组织学检查示 :自体肺组肺损伤较人工肺组轻。结论　自体肺CPB技术在CPB过程中能提供满意的氧合 ;而且较人工肺能获得更好的肺保护作用。     

肺动脉灌注低温肺保护液抑制肺组织细胞凋亡的研究

目的探讨体外循环（cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）期间肺动脉灌注低温肺保护液对肺组织细胞凋亡的影响。方法将20例风湿性二尖瓣病变患者随机分为肺保护组和对照组,每组10例。2组患者均在CPB下行单纯二尖瓣人工机械瓣置换术。肺保护组CPB期间经肺动脉灌注低温肺保护液,对照组CPB期间经肺动脉灌注等量生理盐水。监测2组患者CPB术后0、6、122、4 h呼吸功能,取动脉血1 mL进行血气分析,计算氧合指数。同时于CPB术前及停止CPB术后分别取2组患者右下肺组织（1.0 cm×1.0 cm×1.0 cm）活检标本,原位DNA末端标记法（TUNEL法）检测肺组织细胞凋亡情况。结果肺保护组CPB术后0、6、12、24 h氧合指数均高于对照组（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。2组CPB术后肺组织细胞凋亡率均较CPB术前明显增多（P均〈0.01）。肺保护组、对照组CPB术后肺组织细胞凋亡率分别为（10.46±1.96）%、（18.68±1.34）%,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论（1）常规低温CPB术可以诱导肺组织细胞的细胞凋亡。（2）CPB期间经肺动脉灌注低温肺保护液可显著抑制肺组织细胞的凋亡,减轻CPB肺损伤,提示其具有肺保护作用。     

综合肺保护措施防治法洛四联症根治术后灌注肺的疗效

目的：探讨综合肺保护措施防治法洛四联症（TOF）根治术后灌注肺的疗效。方法：选取TOF患者221例,分为综合治疗组124例和常规治疗组97例。综合治疗组术中间断膨肺、间断肺动脉内灌注低温肺保护液、持续肺动脉引流,术后采取延长呼吸机辅助时间、呼气末正压、侧支封堵等措施;常规治疗组不使用上述措施。结果：综合治疗组氧合指数（OI）在体外循环术后4、8、12及24 h均显著高于常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：综合肺保护措施可减少肺部渗出、促进血液氧合、提高OI,防治TOF术后灌注肺疗效确切、可靠。     

缺血预处理对体外循环犬肺损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨缺血预处理（IP）对体外循环（CPB）犬肺损伤的保护作用.方法 健康杂种犬N =12,随机均分为两组,对照组（C组）和IP组（Y组）,麻醉后行双腔气管插管,开胸建立CPB肺缺血再灌注损伤模型.C组在左肺行缺血再灌注,Y组在阻断左肺动脉前进行IP.于CPB前（T1）、阻断左肺动脉前（T2）、停机时（T3）、停机后2h（T4）取肺组织称湿、干重及行光镜学检查.在T1、T3、T4时点取动脉血行血气分析计算呼吸指数（RI）和氧合指数（OI）.结果 ①湿、干重比：组内随着时间的延长逐渐升高（P＜0.05）;组间Y组T3、T4时点明显低于C组（P＜0.05）;②病理学变化及评分：组内T3、T4时点病理评分明显高于T1时点（P＜0.05）.组间Y组T3、T4时点评分明显低于C组（P＜0.05）;③RI和OI的变化：组内随时间推移RI逐渐升高,OI则降低（P＜0.05）;组间Y组T3、T4时点RI明显低于C组,OI则相反（P＜0.05）.结论 IP可降低CPB犬RI,提高其OI,改善犬的肺功能,对犬CPB肺损伤有一定的保护作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.