CT灌注成像对烟雾病脑血管重建术后患者血流动力学改变评价效果研究

目的探讨CT灌注成像(CTP)对烟雾病脑血管重建术后患者血流动力学改变的评价效果。方法选择在本院行脑血管重建术治疗的30例烟病雾患者作为研究对象,并使用多层螺旋CT对其行脑灌注成像扫描,观察患者的术前术后CTP图像表现,分析其脑缺血区域术前术后相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对脑血容量(rCBV)、达峰时间(TTP)、平均通过时间(MTT)及延迟时间(DLY)变化情况。结果30例患者中有9例存在脑出血症状,21例存在脑缺血症状,经影像检查发现单发或多发软化灶20例,出血灶10例,共有颈内动脉末段不同程度狭窄53支,其中大脑前动脉狭窄18例,大脑中动脉21例,大脑后动脉14例,且均有异常侧支循环形成;而其中有行双侧颅骨多点钻孔间接血流重建术治疗7例,行单侧直接血流重建术治疗23例;30例患者经CTP检查发现异常灌注区41处,而术前异常灌注区与双侧相对正常区比较,rCBV、rCBF明显减低,TTP、MTT及DLY则明显延长,且存在明显差异(P0.05);术后异常灌注区与双侧相对正常区rCBV、rCBF与术前比较则明显升高,TTP、MTT及DLY则明显缩短,但rCBV、rCBF、TTP、MTT与术前比较无明显差异(P0.05),而DLY与术前比较存在明显差异(P0.05);术后异常灌注区与双侧相对正常区比较,rCBV、rCBF仍明显减低,TTP、MTT及DLY则仍明显延长(P0.05)。结论 CTP可有效为术前烟雾病检查提供脑血流灌注信息,显示患者血管狭窄、闭塞及异常情况,同时还可明显显示血管重建术治疗期间患者脑血流灌注改变情况,对评估血管重建术后烟雾病患者动力学改变具有重要意义。     

早期缺血性脑卒中的CT灌注及血管成像分析

目的 探讨CT灌注及血管成像分析对早期缺血性脑卒中的诊断价值.方法 选取2014年1月至2016年3月中信惠州医院41例早期脑缺血卒中患者进行CT平扫、CT灌注和CT血管成像检查,比较CT灌注和CT血管成像诊断早期缺血性脑卒中的敏感性和准确性.结果 ①CT平扫示患者早期大脑梗死区提示有低密度病灶,CT平扫的敏感性为57.7%,特异性为100.0%,诊断准确性为73.2%;而CT灌注成像可见缺血脑组织,脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)下降,平均通过时间(MTT)、峰值时间(TTP)延长.其中MTT和CBF的敏感性和诊断准确性均明显高于CT平扫,颈内动脉CT成像敏感性明显低于CT灌注成像,准确性明显低于CT平扫和CT灌注成像,颅内动脉成像敏感性和诊断准确性明显高于CT平扫,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而特异度几种方式比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);②CT灌注成像显示患者半暗带区CBF、CBV、MTT、TTP、PE百分比值(rCBF、rCBV、rMTT、rTTP、rPE)与梗死区比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),具体表现在rCBF、rCBV、rPE明显高于梗死区,rMTT和rTTP明显低于梗死区;③可见半暗带区和梗死区rCBF与rCBV呈正相关,rCBF与rMTT、rMTT与rCBV、rTTP与rRE呈负相关(P<0.05).结论 CT灌注成像对早期缺血性脑卒中诊断敏感性高,各个参数能够较为准确检测到大脑早期缺血引起组织变化情况,故可作为早期缺血性脑卒中的重要检查手段.     

醋甲唑胺负荷MR灌注成像对脑血管储备功能的评估

目的探讨醋甲唑胺负荷MR灌注成像对评估脑血管储备功能的可行性。方法对10例正常人口服醋甲唑胺50 mg前后进行2次检查,选取双侧尾状核头部、豆状核、丘脑、额上回、颞上回及楔叶作为兴趣区(ROI),测量的参数包括局部脑血容量(rCBV)和平均通过时间(rMTT)。根据公式局部脑血流量(rCBF)=rCBV/rMTT和CVR(%)=(服药后rCBF-服药前rCBF)/服药前rCBF×100%,计算脑血管储备(CVR)。结果测得正常人各ROI的rMTT在醋甲唑胺负荷后缩短(P<0.05),rCBV和rCBF在醋甲唑胺负荷后增加(P<0.05),计算出CVR为25～59%。结论醋甲唑胺负荷MR灌注成像对脑血管储备功能的评估是一种可行的方法。     

64层螺旋CT灌注成像在短暂性脑缺血发作诊断及疗效评估中的应用

目的探讨64层螺旋CT灌注成像（CTP）对短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）的诊断、相关病因分析及疗效评估的价值。方法 28例TIA患者均在发病24h内行CTP及头颈部CTA检查,其中12例患者在CTP检查后48h内接受介入治疗,并于治疗后1周内行CTP检查,分别测定兴趣区及对侧相应区域局部脑血流量（rCBF）、局部脑血容量（rCBV）、平均通过时间（MTT）及达峰时间（TTP）,评价TIA患者治疗前后脑血流动力学变化。结果 TIA患者灌注异常区的TTP、MTT及rCBF与健侧对照区相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而患侧rCBV与健侧相比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。12例TIA患者介入治疗后MTT、rCBF及TTP参数与治疗前相比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 64层螺旋CT灌注成像对于评价TIA患者脑血流动力学改变、疗效评估及结合头颈部CT血管成像具有重要临床应用价值。     

磁共振DWI及灌注加权成像对不同时期脑梗死临床诊断的应用价值研究

目的分析磁共振DWI及灌注加权成像对不同时期脑梗死临床诊断的应用价值。方法回顾分析本院2017年1月至2019年5月收治的112例脑梗死患者的临床资料;对患者所得图像进行分析,对比不同时期梗死区与健侧对照区ADC值,PWI各灌注参数(rCBV、rCBF、MTT、TTP)表现,以及DWI、PWI在不同分期脑梗死中表现关系。结果不同时期梗死区与健侧对照区ADC值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在超急性期25例患者中,rCBV、rCBF降低,MTT、TTP升高;急性期44例患者中以rCBV、rCBF降低, MTT、 TTP升高为主;亚急性期33例患者中以rCBV、rCBF正常,MTT、TTP升高为主;慢性期10例患者中均为rCBV、rCBF降低,1例患者MTT、TTP表现为升高,其余为降低。超急性期患者68.00%(17/25)为DWIPEI;亚急性期78.78%(26/33)为DWI=PWI;慢性期患者均表现为DWI=PWI。结论 PWI、DWI序列联合诊断可识别早期梗死病灶,并对患者血流灌注情况进行评价,可鉴别半暗带缺血区,并为不同时期临床诊断和梗死分期提供可靠影像学参考依据。     

功能磁共振对重症脑梗死血流动力学状态的评价(附10例报告)

目的利用功能磁共振评价急性重症缺血性脑血管病患者的脑血流动力学状态.方法选择10例首次发病的急性重症脑梗死患者,于发病4d内行灌注加权成像(PWI)、扩散加权成像(DWI)、磁共振动脉造影(MRA)及MRI检查,同时行NIHSS评分及Glasgow昏迷评分,出院时再行NIHSS评分.分析功能磁共振检查结果.结果重症脑梗死缺血区内局部脑血流量(rCBF)、局部脑血容量(rCBV)均显著低于对侧脑组织,分别降低64.1%和49.7%,两侧比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01和P＜0.05).健侧脑组织也处于相对缺血状态,与同侧小脑组织比较,平均rCBF减少41.4%,rCBV减少33.0%.患侧平均通过时间图(rMTT)与对侧比较平均延迟3.1s,最严重者rMTT=0,而比较两侧对比达峰时间图(TTP)则无显著性差异.结论功能磁共振可为测量脑血流动力学指标提供一种量化的方法,尤其对于重症脑缺血患者,它可以快速、准确、无创地评价其脑血流动力学状态,是临床治疗和评价预后的较客观指标.     

CTA与CTPI在椎基底动脉缺血发作诊断中的价值研究

目的研究血管造影(CTA)与CT脑灌注(CTPI)在椎基底动脉缺血发作中的诊断价值。方法选取2015年7月至2019年4月枣庄矿业集团中心医院收治的椎基底动脉缺血发作患者78例,均进行CTA与CTPI检查,观察两种检查方法对责任血管异常的显示情况,比较患侧与健侧的CTPI参数[局部脑血流(RCBF)、局部脑血容量(RCBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP)],分析缺血发作频率与CTPI阳性率、CTA异常率的关系。结果 CTA与CTPI检查发现与临床一致的脑灌注异常率分别为89.74%(70/78)、76.92%(60/78),CTA对椎基底动脉缺血发作的阳性诊断率低于CTPI(P0.05)。其中,CTPI灌注异常且CTA为责任血管有59例,CTPI灌注异常而CTA未发现责任血管11例,CTPI未发现灌注异常而CTA发现血管异常1例,CTPI未见灌注异常而CTA未见血管异常7例。78例患者患侧RCBF低于健侧,患侧TTP、MTT较健侧延长(P0.05),而RCBV比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);缺血发作频率≥2次/24 h者CTPI阳性率高于缺血发作频率2次/24h者(P0.05),两者CTA异常率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CTA与CTPI在椎基底动脉缺血发作中有较高诊断价值,可为其个性化诊疗提供依据。     

64层CT评价椎-基底动脉系统TIA间歇期脑血流灌注状态的价值

目的探讨脑64层CT灌注(64-SCTP)成像评价椎-基底动脉系统TIA间歇期局部脑血流灌注状态的价值。方法收集临床拟诊为椎-基底动脉系统TIA患者26例,于间歇期行64-SCTP检查,测定兴趣区及对侧相应区域局部脑血流量(rCBF)、局部脑血容量(rCBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和达峰时间(TTP),对这些灌注参数进行半定量分析,所有患者同期进行CTA检查,CTA检查结果均经DSA证实。结果所有26例椎-基底动脉系统TIA患者中有18例CTP脑灌注异常,其患侧及对侧的平均rTTP、rMTT、rCBF差异均有显著性意义,而rCBV差异无显著性意义;CTA发现26例患者中有椎-基底动脉系统血管狭窄20例。结论以桥脑层面为基础灌注层面的64层CT灌注成像可以用于评估椎-基底动脉系统TIA患者间歇期血流灌注状态,帮助了解患者病情,结合CTA检查可以发现相关责任血管,对指导临床早期干预,预防脑梗死的发生有重要价值。     

不同时期脑梗死DWI、PWI成像特征及其缺血半暗带的鉴别诊断价值研究

目的探究不同时期脑梗死弥散加权成像(DWI)、灌注加权成像(PWI)特征及其缺血半暗带的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析本院2017年3月至2019年8月收治的100例脑梗死患者的临床资料,观察不同时期脑梗死患者病变区和检测对应部位表观弥散系数(ADC)值及PWI灌注参数在不同时期脑梗死中的表现,并分析DWI和PWI在不同时期脑梗死表现的关系。结果不同时期的脑梗死患者梗死区和健侧对应区的ADC值比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。超急性期和急性期rCBV、rCBF以降低为主,MTT、TTP以升高为主;亚急性期rCBV、rCBF基本正常,MTT、TTP以升高为主;慢性期rCBV、rCBF、MTT、TTP均以降低为主。超急性期和急性期分别有18例、14例患者DWIPWI,亚急性期、慢性期未见;急性期、亚急性期、慢性期分别有4例、26例、11例患者DWI=PWI,超急性期未见;超急性期、急性期、亚急性期分别有3例、19例、5例患者DWIPWI,慢性期没有。结论 MRI检查DWI技术可显示微小的缺血病灶;PWI可显示可能存活的缺血半暗带,两者联合可有效鉴别诊断缺血半暗带。     

CT灌注成像对急性颅脑外伤动态变化的诊断价值研究

目的研究CT灌注成像(CTPI)对急性颅脑外伤(TBI)动态变化的诊断价值。方法选择本院2017年5月至2018年7月诊治的90例急性颅脑外伤患者作为研究对象,对患者进行普通CT检查以及CTPI检查,并于7d后进行复查,回顾性分析患者临床资料以及检查数据,比较两种检查方法的诊断价值。结果 CTPI对于脑挫裂伤、脑内血肿、硬膜下血肿和蛛网膜下腔出血检出率明显高于常规CT(P<0.05),两者在硬膜外血肿中的检出率比较无明显差异(P>0.05);病灶出血核心区的rCBV和rCBF与镜像区相比明显降低,MTT显著延长(P<0.05);病灶周围低密度区rCBV、rCBF和MTT也有所降低或延长,但总体趋势小于核心区(P<0.05),病灶周边正常密度区灌注参数与镜像区比较无显著差异(P>0.05);与CT2同时获得的CBV、CBF伪彩图显示的脑损伤面积与CT3-致性较好,明显高于CT1和CT2(P<0.05)。结论 CTPI应用于TBI诊断可显著提高诊断准确率,同时可通过血流灌注参数的变化更早、更准确地显示脑损伤病灶的范围以及程度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.